A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• ONE: THE FIRST GAY MAGAZE THE UNED STAT
• DISVERG THE “GAY LIFTYLE” THROUGH 1970S MAGAZ
• THE OBSSIVE PHOTOGRAPHER BEHD AMERI’S FIRST GAY MAGAZE
• GAY MAGAZ
• 6 DES OF LGBT MAGAZ, INCLUDG THE ADVOTE AND GAY TIM
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

ONE: THE FIRST GAY MAGAZE THE UNED STAT

The followg year Dwight Eisenhower issued Executive Orr 10450, which said gays and lbians were perverts, crimals, mentally ill, and mt be blocked om any kd of feral employment. It’s stunng, now, to have a rource that so plaly documents the spiral and promise of a long fight, down to advertisements om gay European magaz and hts at genue tersectnal support, for example the ocsnal appearance of Marv Edwards, a Black acuntant who was the lover of ONE -founr W. While some see this se as the first time homosexualy was ever addrsed at that level of the urts, others say wasn’t a civil rights victory, jt a loophole built so people uld keep readg porn.

On the first page of ONE’s first anniversary issue, which is also the first edn available through JSTOR, the magaze stated that “ONE do not claim that homosexuals are better or worse than anyone else, that they are special any but one sense. On the whole, ONE do actively work to be tersectnal, but bee s thors were largely whe and middle-class, spe the obv prejudic gay Amerins faced durg the tim particular, there are still some tone-af moments.

A 1965 profile of “an Amerin Indian homosexual named Elmer Gage” go to Elmer Colorado, publish signifint oral histori, and is aware of s otherns, and a 1959 “Report om New York” si-ey Jack Kerouac’s “rather sperate ncern” over his masculy, but that same article also lls Frank O’Hara “disappotgly stologil, ” and do not stop. Due to the foc on cizenship, ONE featur pecially extensive articl and se studi ncerng marriage and war, pecially the draft and police, who are lled “the new Nazis” a 1963 issue that also celebrated the 1957 Wolfenn Report, which stated that “homosexualy nnot legimately be regard as disease, bee many s is the only symptom. Kearful also criciz homosexuals for not fightg back, and says “the Negro has won civil rights the last few years” [sic on all unts], “not bee the Uned Stat Government is eedom-lovg and benevolent (which is not) but bee through agatn, sacrifice, and anized effort, Negro have forced society to regnize them and give them their rights.

DISVERG THE “GAY LIFTYLE” THROUGH 1970S MAGAZ

” He then tak a plited step backwards, statg that bee “the Homophile Movement reprents another sort of revolt, ” “such eptns” will “never be necsary, ” as many magaz now “eely publish homophile views, ” and the wave of social change unrway assum “no Watts explosns are gog to be need, or likely to occur. “The turn toward liftyle, straight and gay, volved a turn toward nsumptn as a form of self-ventn, yet the gay liftyle media stcted s rearshp not only how to bee ‘themselv, ’ as the straight publitns, but also how to bee gay, ” Hilrbrand wr.

Although gays had long been si-eyeg the emblems of straight masculy, Mizer fed them wh new meang: the very men who had looked stoic and impassive the straight magaz seemed, unr Mizer’s directn, to be havg fun. When David Hurl, the gay pornographer and Mizer protégé, was a teen-ager Ccnati, he glimpsed Physique Pictorial_ _at a newsstand and felt, as he put to Taschen, “stantly clud, as if the men were beckong him to look.

” Dpe such objectns, he reportedly ma a fortune the eighti by distributg so-lled “ssn vios, ” rerdgs of photo shoots that then veered to more recreatnal Mizer’s Greek-warrr fixatn, ’s temptg to thk of him as one early source of the “body fascism” for which ntemporary gay-male culture is often maligned. Mizer’s achievement, as a photographer and a publisher, was to take the standards of male bety as they existed and prove that gay men uld satisfy them, and be satisfied by them, too. In 1948 two books that would bolster the e of gay liberatn were published: Gore Vidal’s fictn The Cy and the Pillar – which argued that homosexualy was a normal impulse and not a perversn – and Aled Ksey’s ground-breakg study, Sexual Behavur the Human Male – which showed that there was a discernible gap between the myth of heterosexual mastream and the fact.

THE OBSSIVE PHOTOGRAPHER BEHD AMERI’S FIRST GAY MAGAZE

Harry Hay found the Mattache Society 1950 the wake of a clampdown on homosexuals, who, acrdg to a US Senate mtee, lacked “emotnal stabily” and would “equently attempt to entice normal dividuals to engage perverted practic.

GAY MAGAZ

The Stonewall rts June 1969, which gay men and women h back after a staed perd of timidatn by the New York Police, spelled the end of the era of the Mattache Society and the DOB. This was echoed publitns such as Fag Rag, and Gay Sunshe, which took a sexual liberatnist approach; Gay and Come Out!, which reflected the ancy of the time; and Off Our Backs, the proactive lbian femist publitn (not to be nfed wh the racier On Our Backs). In 1972 the Gay Liberatn Front was found, Gay News (which was published as a broadsheet newspaper) and Jefey were published, and the first Pri march was held London.

The 1970s wnsed the rise of a more sexualised for the mastream gay prs but was not until the 1990s, wh the mg of the Pk Pound (UK), the Dorothy Dollar (US) and the Pk Dollar (AU), that this imagery fed the gay magaze. This week, ProQut lnched the new LGBT Magaze Archive, a database that clus the backfil of 26 of the most fluential, longt-nng magaz on lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr and related issu.

Where homosexual activy or viance om tablished genr rol/drs was banned by law or tradnal ctom, such nmnatn might be munited through sensatnal public trials, exile, medil warngs, and language om the pulp.

6 DES OF LGBT MAGAZ, INCLUDG THE ADVOTE AND GAY TIM

However, throughout 150 years of homosexual social movements (roughly om the 1870s to today), lears and anizers stggled to addrs the very different ncerns and inty issu of gay men, women intifyg as lbians, and others intifyg as genr variant or nonbary. Whe, male, and Wtern activists whose groups and theori gaed leverage agast homophobia did not necsarily reprent the range of racial, class, and natnal inti plitg a broar LGBT agenda.

Such eyewns acunts the era before other media were of urse riddled wh the bias of the (often) Wtern or Whe observer, and add to beliefs that homosexual practic were other, foreign, savage, a medil issue, or evince of a lower racial hierarchy. The European powers enforced their own crimal s agast what was lled sodomy the New World: the first known se of homosexual activy receivg a ath sentence North Ameri occurred 1566, when the Spanish executed a Frenchman Florida. Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men.

” In Wtern history, we fd ltle formal study of what was later lled homosexualy before the 19th century, beyond medil texts intifyg women wh large cloris as “tribas” and severe punishment s for male homosexual acts. Their wrgs were sympathetic to the ncept of a homosexual or bisexual orientatn occurrg naturally an intifiable segment of humankd, but the wrgs of Krafft-Ebg and Ellis also labeled a “third sex” generate and abnormal. Sigmund Frd, wrg the same era, did not nsir homosexualy an illns or a crime and believed bisexualy to be an nate aspect begng wh untermed genr velopment the womb.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

” German rearcher Magn Hirschfeld went on to gather a broar range of rmatn by foundg Berl’s Instute for Sexual Science, Europe’s bt library archive of materials on gay cultural history.

His efforts, and Germany’s more liberal laws and thrivg gay bar scene between the two World Wars, ntrasted wh the backlash, England, agast gay and lbian wrers such as Osr Wil and Radclyffe Hall. The blu mic of Ain-Amerin women showsed varieti of lbian sire, stggle, and humor; the performanc, along wh male and female drag stars, troduced a gay unrworld to straight patrons durg Prohibn’s fiance of race and sex s speakeasy clubs. The disptns of World War II allowed formerly isolated gay men and women to meet as soldiers and war workers; and other volunteers were uprooted om small towns and posted worldwi.

This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay. Awarens of a burgeong civil rights movement (Mart Luther Kg’s key anizer Bayard Rt was a gay man) led to the first Amerin-based polil mands for fair treatment of gays and lbians mental health, public policy, and employment. Studi such as Aled Ksey’s 1947 Ksey Report suggted a far greater range of homosexual inti and behavrs than prevly unrstood, wh Ksey creatg a “sle” or spectm rangg om plete heterosexual to plete homosexual.