A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• ESSAY ON GAY RIGHTS
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• AFTER YEARS OF PROGRS ON GAY RIGHTS, HOW DID THE US BEE SO ANTI-LGBTQ+?
• THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT
• WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT A SEEMGLY FAKE DOCUMENT A GAY RIGHTS CASE

ESSAY ON GAY RIGHTS

As of January 2019, Atria, Belgium, Denmark, Fland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spa, Swen and the Uned Kgdom are the sixteen European untri that regnize gay marriage as legal. The ACLU has also stood behd legalizg gay marriage, statg that they believe that “LGBT people, like everyone else, should have the eedom to build the kds of personal, timate relatnships most meangful to them whout riskg that their fai will be disregard or harmed by the state” (ACLU 2). In some s, homophobic parents refe to let their children watch media that highlights LGBT reprentatn, this nsequently disurag media producers om cludg LGBT people the media for fear of losg regular viewers.

This sample say discs Craig Rimmerman's book about gay and lbian movements and the factors that perta to the succs or failure of civil rights movements and is only one of the many featur offered by Ulti. Recent velopments, however, have challenged the legaly of this legislatn and anized events like the gay pri para have taken bold steps om assiatn to liberatn where gay Amerins would be treated the same as all Amerins the ey of the law. Where homosexual activy or viance om tablished genr rol/drs was banned by law or tradnal ctom, such nmnatn might be munited through sensatnal public trials, exile, medil warngs, and language om the pulp.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

However, throughout 150 years of homosexual social movements (roughly om the 1870s to today), lears and anizers stggled to addrs the very different ncerns and inty issu of gay men, women intifyg as lbians, and others intifyg as genr variant or nonbary.

Such eyewns acunts the era before other media were of urse riddled wh the bias of the (often) Wtern or Whe observer, and add to beliefs that homosexual practic were other, foreign, savage, a medil issue, or evince of a lower racial hierarchy.

The European powers enforced their own crimal s agast what was lled sodomy the New World: the first known se of homosexual activy receivg a ath sentence North Ameri occurred 1566, when the Spanish executed a Frenchman Florida. Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men. ” In Wtern history, we fd ltle formal study of what was later lled homosexualy before the 19th century, beyond medil texts intifyg women wh large cloris as “tribas” and severe punishment s for male homosexual acts.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Their wrgs were sympathetic to the ncept of a homosexual or bisexual orientatn occurrg naturally an intifiable segment of humankd, but the wrgs of Krafft-Ebg and Ellis also labeled a “third sex” generate and abnormal.

The blu mic of Ain-Amerin women showsed varieti of lbian sire, stggle, and humor; the performanc, along wh male and female drag stars, troduced a gay unrworld to straight patrons durg Prohibn’s fiance of race and sex s speakeasy clubs. This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay. Awarens of a burgeong civil rights movement (Mart Luther Kg’s key anizer Bayard Rt was a gay man) led to the first Amerin-based polil mands for fair treatment of gays and lbians mental health, public policy, and employment.

Studi such as Aled Ksey’s 1947 Ksey Report suggted a far greater range of homosexual inti and behavrs than prevly unrstood, wh Ksey creatg a “sle” or spectm rangg om plete heterosexual to plete homosexual. In 1951, Donald Webster Cory published “The Homosexual Ameri, ” assertg that gay men and lbians were a legimate mory group, and 1953 Evelyn Hooker, PhD, won a grant om the Natnal Instute of Mental Health to study gay men. Throughout the 1950s and 60s, gay men and lbians ntued to be at risk for psychiatric lockup as well as jail, losg jobs, and/or child ctody when urts and clics fed gay love as sick, crimal, or immoral.

AFTER YEARS OF PROGRS ON GAY RIGHTS, HOW DID THE US BEE SO ANTI-LGBTQ+?

Fstrated wh the male learship of most gay liberatn groups, lbians fluenced by the femist movement of the 1970s formed their own llectiv, rerd labels, mic ftivals, newspapers, bookstor, and publishg ho, and lled for lbian rights mastream femist groups like the Natnal Organizatn for Women. And polil actn explod through the Natnal Gay and Lbian Task Force, the Human Rights Campaign, the electn of openly gay and lbian reprentativ like Elae Noble and Barney Frank, and, 1979, the first march on Washgton for gay rights.

The creasg expansn of a global LGBT rights movement suffered a setback durg the 1980s, as the gay male muny was cimated by the Aids epimic, mands for passn and medil fundg led to renewed alns between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like Aids Coaln to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Natn.

THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT

In the same era, one wg of the polil gay movement lled for an end to ary expulsn of gay, lbian, and bisexual soldiers, wh the high-profile se of Colonel Margarethe Cammermeyer publicized through a ma-for-televisn movie, “Servg Silence. Durg the last of the 20th century, lns of Amerins watched as actrs Ellen DeGener me out on natnal televisn April 1997, heraldg a new era of gay celebry power and media visibily—although not whout risks. Wh greater media attentn to gay and lbian civil rights the 1990s, trans and tersex voic began to ga space through works such as Kate Boernste’s “Genr Outlaw” (1994) and “My Genr Workbook” (1998), Ann Fsto-Sterlg’s “Myths of Genr” (1992) and Llie Feberg’s “Transgenr Warrrs” (1998), enhancg shifts women’s and genr studi to bee more clive of transgenr and nonbary inti.

The possible reprsn of inty which may have played a role the killer’s choice of target has generated new attentn to the price of homophobia—ternalized, or culturally exprsed— and beyond the Uned Stat. Sce the parameters may not ci wh each other and n be manifted differently at var stag of life, an unambiguo divisn of dividuals to hetero-, homo- and bisexual groups, as well as their number, is very problematic. Although same-sex sexual activy between nsentg adults private was crimalized 1993, homosexualy is disapproved of by most Rsians, and same-sex upl and hoeholds head by same-sex upl are eligible for the legal protectns available to oppose-sex upl.

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT A SEEMGLY FAKE DOCUMENT A GAY RIGHTS CASE

An important fact to scribe rearch say on gay rights is that Europe, the 1970s, the activists adopted the official symbol of LGBTQ, the rabow, as well as veloped a ncept wh basic polil requirements, namely the legalizatn of same-sex relatnships and the right to marry. Dpe the existence of numero anizatns fightg for the rights of homosexuals, many gays and lbians prefer not to advertise their sexual preferenc and sometim even wear the mask of homosexualy opponents. Th, some ancient classil cy-stat of Greece, a certa type of homosexual relatnship (between an adult man and adolcent) was ialized as a social practice no ls important than the tradnal marriage between a man and a woman.

Morn unrstandg of homosexualy as a particular sexual orientatn was explaed by Fouult not as a scientific tth but only as a product of an epoch and a picture of the world characteristic of this epoch. At the begng of the XX century, the fundamental directn of scientific views on homosexualy was set by the works of Sigmund Frd who believed that a person is bisexual by nature and that heterosexual preferenc are formed early childhood while children wh some psychologil malfunctns bee homosexuals. At the same time, Frd was cled to treat homosexualy very tolerantly and believed that therapy should be aimed not at changg sexual orientatn but at rrectg the nsequent mental disfort and acceptance of their own personaly by the patient.

Throughout the century, the urse of the general velopment of liberal valu, the nceptualizatn of homosexual attractn as a personal characteristic (most likely ngenal) that do not require eher medil or legal terventn was popularized. There is a signifint number of stat Ai and Asia which non-vlent homosexual terurse is perceived as a crimal offense punishable by imprisonment or ath, for stance, morn Iran, Afghanistan, Sdi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Nigeria, and Mrania.