Barriers and Stigma Experienced by Gay Fathers and Their Children | Pediatrics | Amerin Amy of Pediatrics

Contents:

• GAY PARENTS RAISG KIDS: HOW WILL THEY FARE?
• CHILDREN ADOPTED BY GAY FATHERS MORE LIKELY TO SHOW STRONG ATTACHMENT THAN CHILDREN OF HETEROSEXUAL UPL
• ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: PARENT–CHILD RELATNSHIPS AND CHILDREN'S PSYCHOLOGIL ADJTMENT
• ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: PARENT-CHILD RELATNSHIPS AND CHILDREN'S PSYCHOLOGIL ADJTMENT
• PARENTG AND THE ADJTMENT OF CHILDREN BORN TO GAY FATHERS THROUGH SURROGACY
• ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: A LONGUDAL STUDY OF CHILDREN'S ADJTMENT AT EARLY ADOLCENCE
• SHOP 'GMA3' POWER HOUR ALS FOR LABOR DAY!OPEN MENUVIOSHOPCULTUREFAYWELLNSFOODLIVGSTYLETRAVELNEWSBOOK CLUBGMA3: WYNTKNEWSLETTERPRIVACY POLICYYOUR US STATE PRIVACY RIGHTSCHILDREN'S ONLE PRIVACY POLICYINTERT-BASED ADSTERMS OF USEDO NOT SELL MY INFOCONTACT USCOPYRIGHT © 2023 ABC NEWS INTER VENTUR. ALL RIGHTS RERVED.SEARCHLIVGFATHER OPENS UP ABOUT G OUT TO HIS 3 SONS: I'M STILL THE SAME DAD AS BEFORE3:16FATHER OPENS UP ABOUT G OUT TO HIS BYGOOD MORNG AMERIJUNE 15, 2023, 4:18 AM"GOOD MORNG AMERI" IS FEATURG STORI CELEBRATN OF PRI MONTH. STT TAKACS, A 46-YEAR-OLD AND FATHER OF THREE, PENNED A PERSONAL SAY ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCE G OUT AS A GAY MAN TO HIS SONS. READ ABOUT HIS JOURNEY BELOW HIS OWN WORDS.COMG OUT AT 42 I WAS 42 YEARS OLD WHEN I ME OUT TO MY WIFE. IT WAS 15 MONTHS LATER THAT I STARTED THAT SAME NVERSATN WH MY THREE BOYS -- 9-YEAR-OLD TWS AND AN 11-YEAR-OLD.THE WHOLE EXPERIENCE IS SOMEWHAT OF A BLUR, MOSTLY PART TO THE FACT THAT AT THAT POT MY LIFE THERE WAS A LOT OF CHANGE HAPPENG AND SOME SIGNIFINT PENT-UP EMOTNS. THERE WASN'T MUCH OF A PLAN, NO GUIBOOK HAND, ONLY GOALS THAT I HOPED MY BOYS WOULD START THE PROCS OF UNRSTANDG AND ACCEPTG THEIR DAD FOR WHOM I TLY WAS: A GAY MAN.STT TAKACSGMA IT HAD BEEN A LONG 15 MONTHS SCE G OUT TO MY WIFE, AN EXPERIENCE I UNFORTUNATELY WOULDN'T SCRIBE AS POSIVE, FUN OR SOMETHG I EVER WANT TO REPEAT. IT WAS WROUGHT WH THE HAPPS OF FALLY TELLG THE CLOST PERSON MY TE INTY, WHILE SIMULTANEOLY RIPPG HER WORLD OUT OM UNR HER. WH MANY EMOTNS AND STRS, I ACCEPTED HER REQUT TO KEEP THE REASON FOR OUR DIVORCE -- DUE TO ME BEG GAY -- A SECRET FOR AT LEAST ANOTHER YEAR. THIS CLUD KEEPG OM OUR KIDS AND HER SI OF THE FAY.WHEN THE MOMENT TO BREAK THE NEWS TO MY KIDS FALLY ME, I HAD A LOT OF ISSU TO NAVIGATE. OVER 15 MONTHS, I HAD FALIZED THE DIVORCE, MOVED AGA AND TAKEN A NEW JOB BASED CHIGO, 250 AWAY OM MY BOYS. THE DISTANCE WAS TO CREATE SOME SPACE BETWEEN MY NOW EX-WIFE, WHO STGGLED BEG PROXIMY TO ME.I HAD CID I NEED TO BE SAFE, EE OF THE STRS AND EMOTNALLY SANE TO BE A GOOD FATHER TO MY BOYS, EVEN IF THAT MEANT TRANSNG OM EVERY VOLVED DAD DAY-TO-DAY TO A DAY SHUTTLG BETWEEN CHIGO AND THE SUBURBS OF DETRO MULTIPL TIM A MONTH. CHIGO OFFERED THE STABILY I NEED A JOB, IENDSHIP AND AT THIS POT, A NEW RELATNSHIP THAT ALL NTRIBUTED TO MY HEALG THIS NEW GAY WORLD.STT WH HIS IENDS.COURTY JOE KOECHERWE WERE ALL ADJTG TO A NEW, MORN FAY, MORE LIKE A FAY TRANSN. HOMOSEXUALY WASN'T A TOPIC WELL DISCSED OUR FAY. IT WASN'T NECSARILY A BAD TOPIC, JT WASN'T DISCSED. GAY IENDS WERE JT IENDS -- RPECTED BUT THEIR RELATNSHIPS NOT NECSARILY DISCSED. GAY MARRIAGE WAS THE NEWS, BUT NOT DISCSED OUR HOE OTHER THAN THE OCSNAL NEGATIVE MENT OM A CLOSE RELATIVE.A 'NEW MORN-FAY'STT'S MOTHER WH HIS THREE SONS.COURTY STT TACKACS MY KIDS ATTEND A VERY NSERVATIVE, PRIVATE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL. WE CHOSE THE SCHOOL BEE WE WANTED TO GIVE OUR KIDS ACCS TO THE BT TN AND A STRONG FOUNDATN TO TAKE ON THE WORLD. IN MANY WAYS, A LOVG PLACE FOR THEM, BUT I ME TO REALIZE THAT TEACHERS SPOKE OPENLY AGAST GAY CULTURE AND TEXTBOOKS LABELED HOMOSEXUALY AS SFUL AND EVIL. MY KIDS LISTENED AND FOLLOWED THEIR LEAD.EVEN PRR TO G OUT, WAS HARD FOR ME TO HEAR MY KIDS E HOME WH STORI OF TEACHERS GRADG GAY MARRIAGE OR GAY PEOPLE, TO SEE THEIR WORKBOOKS, RERCG THE BIAS AGAST BEG GAY. I DID MY BT TO ENURAGE MY KIDS TO UNRSTAND THAT GOD MA EVERYONE JT THE WAY THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE, AND THAT GOD LOV EVERYONE.I HAD TO TEMPER MY WORDS WHEN SUATNS ME UP WH MY KIDS' TN, OUT OF FEAR WOULD DISPT THEIR EXPERIENCE SCHOOL. THE LAST THG I WANTED WAS FOR MY KIDS TO BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY BEE THEY HAD A GAY DAD, WHICH I FELT WAS A POSSIBILY.IN THE YEAR FOLLOWG MY DIVORCE, I AGREED NOT TO TELL THE KIDS I WAS GAY, SO I HAD TO BE REFUL. WHEN I BROUGHT THE KIDS TO CHIGO, WE STAYED A HOTEL AND NOT AT THE HOME I SHARED WH MY BOYIEND. THE MAN I WAS DATG WAS JT A IEND. WE WERE REFUL TO AVOID REFERENC TO "GAY" DISCSNS AND PLAC, ALTHOUGH I LIVED THE GAYBORHOOD OF CHIGO, AN UPSLE, PREDOMANTLY GAY AREA ON CHIGO'S NORTH SI.'SRY'TELLG MY KIDS WAS SRY. I WASN'T SURE WHAT TO EXPECT. THEY HAD ALREADY MET MY BOYIEND MULTIPLE TIM BY THAT POT AND HAD BEE IENDS WH HIM.I STARTED WH MY OLST SON AND THEN EVENTUALLY HIS YOUNGER BROTHERS.THE OLST TOOK THE NEWS THE HARST, AS I EXPECTED. HE WAS A FEW YEARS AHEAD OF HIS BROTHERS BEG DOCTRATED BY HIS SCHOOL AGAST HOMOSEXUALY. ANGRY ABOUT THE DIVORCE, HE ACTED OUT AGAST HIS MOM AND ME. HE WAS FIANT AT TIM AND GENERALLY EMBARRASSED ABOUT HIS GAY DAD. HE DIDN'T WANT HIS IENDS TO KNOW AND WAS SRED I MIGHT DO SOMETHG TO CLUE THEM . HE WAS AAID HE WOULD BE TEASED.THE TWS' REACTN WAS MORE MUTED. THEY WERE TOO YOUNG TO UNRSTAND THE NCEPT AND DIDN'T SEEM TO RE AS MUCH. IT WAS MORE OF -- "OK, DAD, LET'S TALK ABOUT SOMETHG ELSE."STT AND HIS TWO 9-YEAR-OLD TW SONS.COURTY STT TACKACS 'HE LOV ME, BUT HE DON'T SUPPORT MY LIFTYLE'I TRIED TO ASSURE MY SONS THAT DAD WAS THE SAME DAD TO THEM I WAS BEFORE. I TRIED TO RERCED THE G-OUT NCEPT TERMS I FELT THEY WOULD UNRSTAND FOR THEIR AGE SCE RELATNSHIP AND SEXUAL LOVE WASN'T SOMETHG THEY UNRSTOOD YET. EVENTUALLY, THOUGH, THAT STARTED TO PASS.AFTER FOUR YEARS, MY OLST SON'S IENDS KNEW HE HAD A GAY DAD, AND, TO PUT TEENAGE TERMS, WASN'T SO BAD. HE IS STILL EMBARRASSED BY THE WHOLE THG ON SOME LEVEL. HE LOV ME, BUT HE DON'T SUPPORT MY LIFTYLE. I THK HE UNRSTANDS BEG GAY ISN'T A CHOICE ANYMORE, AND I BELIEVE THAT WILL NTUE.MY EX-WIFE CERTALY BORE THE BNT OF THE DAY-TO-DAY WH THE KIDS. SHE STILL DO, AND I KNOW 'S STILL NOT EASY. I DO MY BT TO TRY TO REMA ENGAGED OM A DISTANCE, OFFERG AS MUCH HELP WH THGS LIKE DOCTOR APPOTMENTS, HAIRCUTS, BUYG SHO AND CLOTH, RERCG THEM CLEANG THEIR ROOM AS MUCH AS I ULD.MY WEEKEND VISS WH THE KIDS ULD BE SCRIBED, STILL, AS DRIVG 100 AROUND THE SUBURBS NNG ERRANDS WH THE BOYS, HAVG FUN AND TRYG TO MAKE MEMORABLE EXPERIENC WH THEM.STT WH HIS SISTER AND CHILDRENCOURTY STT TAKACSI HAVE WORKED VERY HARD TO STAY NNECTED TO THE BOYS, AND 'S NOT EASY. CALLG EVERY DAY BEFORE SCHOOL TO WISH THEM OFF, LLG TWO TO THREE TIM AFTER SCHOOL, AND FACETIMG THEM OFTEN. I STILL DRIVE BACK AND FORTH TO MICHIGAN MULTIPLE TIM A MONTH, RACKG UP 1,500 TO 2,000 A MONTH.DON'T HI THE TTHWHAT I'VE LEARNED IS THAT THIS PROCS TAK TIME. I HAD MORE THAN 25 YEARS TO E TO TERMS WH MY INTY, AND THK I EXPECTED THOSE CLOST TO ME WOULD ADJT QUICKLY. THAT'S SIMPLY NOT REALISTIC.FOR THOSE GOG THROUGH THE SAME PROCS: GIVE YOUR WIFE (EX) THE SPACE AND TIME SHE NEEDS TO PROCS THE CHANG, LOVE YOUR KIDS WH ALL YOUR HEART AND BE HONT WH THEM ABOUT THE CHANG.DON'T HI THE TTH ONCE 'S OUT. ONE OF MY BIGGT REGRETS IS NOT TELLG EVERYONE MY FAY AT THE SAME TIME, LYG ABOUT THE REASON WE DIVORCED. I WISH I HAD NOT AGREED TO THAT, BUT ALSO UNRSTAND AT THE TIME SEEMED LIKE MA SENSE.I DON'T REGRET THE PATH I WENT DOWN. I STILL BELIEVE WAS GOD'S PLAN THE WAY THGS HAVE GONE; HAD THEY NOT, I WOULDN'T HAVE HAD 20 GOOD YEARS WH MY NOW EX-WIFE, AND I WOULDN'T HAVE THREE AWOME BOYS. I WOULDN'T TRA THAT FOR ANYTHG.MY WISH IS THAT THGS WILL NTUE TO REANIZE AND ONE DAY WE'LL ALL LOOK BACK AT 2014 AND 'LL JT BE ANOTHER FLECTN POTS OUR LIFE.I HELPED START A GROUP FOR GAY FATHERS CHIGO AND HAS SHOWN ME THAT THERE ARE OTHER GAY FATHERS AHEAD OF ME THEIR G-OUT JOURNEY WH POSIVE EXPERIENC TO SHARE. AFTER YEARS OF HARD WORK, THEY HAVE MARRIED MEN, THEIR EX HAVE MARRIED AS WELL, AND THEY ALL ENJOY VATNS, BIRTHDAYS, AND SHARE THE JOY OF THEIR CHILDREN LIKE ONE, BIG, MORN FAY.STT, HIS PARTNER, JOE, AND HIS THREE SONS.COURTY STT TAKACSTHIS STORY WAS ORIGALLY PUBLISHED JUNE 19, 2018.RELATED TOPICSLGBTQUP NEXT LIVG—FIRE PARTMENT ADOPTS PUPPY WHO WAS RCUED OM LOCKED, HOT RAUGT 31, 2023FROM THE NICU TO HBCUS: BALTIMORE TRIPLETS START LLEGE ATLANTAAUGT 30, 2023BRI SHAR MOM'S HILAR WEDDG PHOTO BOOK FAILAUGT 29, 2023LOOK UP! AUGT'S 'BLUE SUPERMOON' WON'T BE SEEN AGA UNTIL 2037AUGT 29, 2023UP NEXT LIVG—FIRE PARTMENT ADOPTS PUPPY WHO WAS RCUED OM LOCKED, HOT RAUGT 31, 2023FROM THE NICU TO HBCUS: BALTIMORE TRIPLETS START LLEGE ATLANTAAUGT 30, 2023BRI SHAR MOM'S HILAR WEDDG PHOTO BOOK FAILAUGT 29, 2023LOOK UP! AUGT'S 'BLUE SUPERMOON' WON'T BE SEEN AGA UNTIL 2037AUGT 29, 2023

GAY PARENTS RAISG KIDS: HOW WILL THEY FARE?

The 2013 US Supreme Court’s legalizatn of full rights to marriage for same-genr partners provid full legimacy to fai created by lbian and gay upl and regnized that their children would be beneficiari of the sanctned legal stat of their parents. Social science rearch has documented the well-beg of children raised by same-genr parents, 1, 2 and many profsnal associatns that addrs parentg have endorsed nfince and optimism about gay or lbian parents raisg children, cludg the Amerin Amy of Pediatrics, Amic Pediatric Associatn, Amerin Medil Associatn, and Amerin Amy of Child and Adolcent Psychiatry. 15 A recent study revealed that although gay fathers did not differ om heterosexual fathers the strength and qualy of their relatnships, feelgs of rejectn and havg to jtify themselv as parents affected fathers’ feelgs of petence as parents.

CHILDREN ADOPTED BY GAY FATHERS MORE LIKELY TO SHOW STRONG ATTACHMENT THAN CHILDREN OF HETEROSEXUAL UPL

mographic rmatn about the rponnt and his children;the method(s) by which the child(ren) joed the fay;whether the rponnt had faced barriers accsg pathways to parenthood; andwhether rponnts had been “ma to feel unfortable, exclud, shamed, hurt, or unwele” specific social ntexts bee of beg/havg a gay father (active stigma), or had “avoid var suatns bee of worry about people’s judgments” (anticipated stigma). We distributed a lk to the survey through targeted Facebook advertisg, an advertisement Gay Parent Magaze, Twter, Meetup groups, and direct ntacts wh lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) parentg groups, advocy anizatns, LGBT muny and cultural centers, surrogacy and adoptn agenci, and church groups throughout the Uned Stat. To unrstand the fluence of the social environment on gay fathers and their children, we ed the “equaly ratgs” created by the Movement Advancement Project () based on each state’s laws for protectn of LGBT fai (eg, laws regardg adoptn and foster re by lbians and gay men, the availabily of legal domtic partnerships, civil unns, and civil marriage, regulatns about bullyg schools, etc).

ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: PARENT–CHILD RELATNSHIPS AND CHILDREN'S PSYCHOLOGIL ADJTMENT

The amount of muny support provid to members of sexual mori has been shown to be related to the well-beg of lbian and gay adolcents, 25, 26 adults, 24, 27 and children wh lbian or gay parents, 28 cludg rat of suicidaly and psychiatric disorrs. Given their important role as lears the muny’s support for all fai, pediatricians rg for children and their gay fathers should regnize the likelihood that stigma may be a part of the fay’s experience and help both fai and muni to unteract . The days, gay parents are no novelty: We see them strollg through our neighborhoods, participatg our PTA meetgs, and, perhaps most notably, appearg on our TV screens: Mchell and Cam, fathers to Lily, on the ratgs smash Morn Fay; Glee’s Sue Sylvter, expectant mom to a baby nceived wh an as-yet-unrevealed sperm donor, and Rachel’s dads, played wh humor and grace by Jeff Goldblum and Brian Stok.

Though this media mastreamifitn of gay parentg is a relatively new phenomenon, for s, gay parents have had children all sorts of fay nfiguratns—whether through adoptn, prev heterosexual relatnships, or, creasgly, by choosg to have blogil offsprg g vro, surrogate, and other methods. Earlier this month, when Print Obama announced his support for same sex marriage days after North Carola voted to ban , he changed the nversatn nsirably by argug that ncern for children is a reason to support, rather than oppose, gay marriage.

” His support for gay marriage was self a landmark turn, but jt as notable was s direct affirmatn of gay upl as parents, which served to rebut the standard argument agast gay marriage—namely, that risks the well-beg of children and the fay. Much of the ncern for the children of gay parents has centered specifilly on boys, who as a group have seemed, pecially recent years, prey to nfn, rentment, and stctivens—somethg creded to the risg proportn of mal beg reared fatherls hom.

ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: PARENT-CHILD RELATNSHIPS AND CHILDREN'S PSYCHOLOGIL ADJTMENT

Although has nsistently been shown that children wh lbian mothers do not differ om children tradnal fai wh rpect to psychologil adjtment or sex-typed behavr (Goldberg, 2010; Patterson, 2006, 2009), the circumstanc of children wh gay fathers are somewhat different. Moreover, the wir social environment n have a marked impact on children's psychologil well-beg, and children wh gay fathers may be exposed to greater prejudice and discrimatn than children wh lbian mothers bee gay father fai posss the addnal nontradnal feature of beg head by men (Golombok & Tasker, 2010).

Goldberg, Kashy, and Smh (2012) have postulated that children wh gay fathers may show ls sex-typed behavr than children wh heterosexual parents rultg om a ls sex-typed fay environment, and girls gay father fai may show ls sex-typed behavr than girls lbian mother fai due to the absence of a female role mol om the recent years, a growg number of gay father fai have been created through adoptn (Brodzsky & Pertman, 2011). Inial vtigatns of adoptive gay father fai have reported posive fay functng wh rpect to qualy of parentg and children's psychologil well-beg (Averett, Nalavany, & Ryan, 2009; Erich, Kanenberg, Case, Allen, & Bogdanos, 2009; Erich, Lng, & Kdle, 2005; Lng, Erich, & Kanenberg, 2005; Ryan, 2007). Usg parent and teacher qutnnair, prchool children adopted fancy by gay fathers the Uned Stat were found to be as well adjted as those adopted by lbian or heterosexual parents, wh no differenc parentg strs, parental disciple, or parental relatnship satisfactn acrdg to fay type.

This study ntribut to this emergg body of rearch by vtigatg larger sampl of gay, lbian, and heterosexual adoptive fai the Uned Kgdom g standardized terview and observatnal and qutnnaire measur of parental well-beg, qualy of parent–child relatnships, child adjtment, and child sex-typed behavr, admistered to parents, children, and a theoretil perspective, the study is found upon a velopmental systems approach (Lerner, Lew-Bizan, & Warren, 2011), whereby bidirectnal relatns between dividuals, the fay, and the wir social world, cludg historil time and place, are viewed as fluential velopment. Dpe the monly held assumptn that gay fathers may be ls nurturg than lbian or heterosexual mothers, and the possibily that they may be exposed to greater prejudice, existg rearch suggts that gay father fai would not differ om lbian or heterosexual fai wh rpect to parentg procs such as warmth and sensivy that are associated wh children's psychologil adjtment. It was also hypothized, based on the growg body of rearch showg that fay stcture is ls predictive of child adjtment than the qualy of parent–child relatnships (Biblarz & Stacey, 2010; Golombok, 2000, 2013; Lansford, Ceballo, Abbey, & Stewart, 2001; Patterson, 2006, 2009), that parentg procs would be more strongly associated wh child adjtment than fay is the first study of adoptive gay and lbian fai to be nducted outsi the Uned Stat and is of particular tert as a change legislatn the Uned Kgdom that me to force 2005 has enabled gay and lbian upl to bee jot legal parents of their adopted children.

PARENTG AND THE ADJTMENT OF CHILDREN BORN TO GAY FATHERS THROUGH SURROGACY

0% of children gay, lbian, and heterosexual parent fai, rpectively, had no ntact, wh no signifint difference between fay typ, and the large majory of those wh ntact exchanged letters only, once or twice per prentg mographic data for each parent dividually, the parent who was most volved wh the child on a day-to-day basis acrdg to parent reports, and agreed by two terviewers (LM and SJ), was labeled Parent A and the parent was labeled Parent B, the lbian and gay fai.

The analys foced on the followg parisons to addrs specific qutns: (a) gay vers lbian to exame whether fai head by male same-sex parents differed om fai head by female same-sex parents ntrollg for adoptn and (b) gay vers heterosexual to exame whether fai head by male same-sex parents differed om tradnal heterosexual fai ntrollg for adoptn. The parisons between gay and lbian fai showed no signifint differenc between fay 2Means, Standard Deviatn (M), β, p, and d Valu for Parents' Psychologil Well-Beg, Warmth, Interactn, Conflict, and Mutualy by Fay TypeGay (G)Lbian (L)Heterosexual (H)G vs. (2011) wh rpect to gay and lbian adoptive parents wh a prchool or early school-age child, who found siar parental mental health out across lbian mother, gay father, and heterosexual parent terms of parentg, gay fathers showed higher levels of warmth, greater amounts of teractn, and lower levels of disciplary aggrsn as asssed by terview, as well as higher levels of rponsivens as asssed by direct observatn, than the heterosexual parents.

There was no difference the proportn of children obtag sr above cutoff between fay more posive out for gay father fai terms of parental well-beg and parent–child relatnships may be associated wh characteristics of the parents or of the children. It seems likely, therefore, that the screeng procs is pecially strgent for gay upl who wish to adopt, rultg even higher levels of psychologil well-beg and mment to parentg among adoptive gay fathers than adoptive lbian or heterosexual parents. Moreover, unlike heterosexual upl, may be relevant that gay fathers have not experienced the strs of fertily and failed fertily treatments, and have not turned to adoptn as a send choice their qut for a is also nceivable, due to ncerns regardg adoptn by gay men, that children wh higher levels of psychologil problems were least likely to be placed wh gay upl.

ADOPTIVE GAY FATHER FAI: A LONGUDAL STUDY OF CHILDREN'S ADJTMENT AT EARLY ADOLCENCE

Moreover, om the available data on children's preadoptn history, appeared that those placed wh gay fathers were no ls likely to have experienced ser adversy such as neglect, or emotnal or physil abe, than children placed wh lbian mothers or heterosexual parents. It appears, therefore, that rather than adoptg ls difficult children, gay fathers provi a highly posive parentg environment for their adopted children, although, given the bidirectnal nature of parent–child relatnships, both factors are likely to be at fdgs of this study, nducted the Uned Kgdom, ntribute to the small amount of existg data on parentg and child velopment adoptive gay father fai, and support the nclns of Farr et al. (2010a) reported no differenc parentg or child adjtment between adoptive gay fathers and eher adoptive lbian mothers or adoptive heterosexual parents, the differenc intified this study reflected more posive parentg and child adjtment gay father fai.

(2010a, 2010b) wh a sample om a different geographil area, and adds weight to the growg body of evince that fay procs are more fluential child adjtment than is fay stcture (Biblarz & Stacey, 2010; Golombok, 2000, 2013; Lansford et al., 2001; Patterson, 2006, 2009) lack of difference sex-typed behavr between children wh gay fathers and children wh lbian or heterosexual parents for eher boys or girls is nsistent wh prev rearch on young children wh same-sex parents, and supports the ncln that parental sexual orientatn has ltle fluence on the genr velopment of young children (Golombok et al., 2003; Patterson, 2006, 2009). As the figur apply to children of all ag, appears that our sampl of 41 gay father and 40 lbian mother fai prise a large proportn of the eligible gay father and lbian mother fai the Uned Kgdom wh an adopted child aged 4–8 advantage of the study was the multimethod (terview, observatn, and qutnnaire), multirmant (both parents, child, and teacher) sign, as gay parents, particular, may tend to prent their fai as high functng, eher rponse to the stigma they experience the outsi world or bee they feel they mt live up to high expectatns of themselv as parents given the difficulti they faced adoptg children.

SHOP 'GMA3' POWER HOUR ALS FOR LABOR DAY!OPEN MENUVIOSHOPCULTUREFAYWELLNSFOODLIVGSTYLETRAVELNEWSBOOK CLUBGMA3: WYNTKNEWSLETTERPRIVACY POLICYYOUR US STATE PRIVACY RIGHTSCHILDREN'S ONLE PRIVACY POLICYINTERT-BASED ADSTERMS OF USEDO NOT SELL MY INFOCONTACT USCOPYRIGHT © 2023 ABC NEWS INTER VENTUR. ALL RIGHTS RERVED.SEARCHLIVGFATHER OPENS UP ABOUT G OUT TO HIS 3 SONS: I'M STILL THE SAME DAD AS BEFORE3:16FATHER OPENS UP ABOUT G OUT TO HIS BYGOOD MORNG AMERIJUNE 15, 2023, 4:18 AM"GOOD MORNG AMERI" IS FEATURG STORI CELEBRATN OF PRI MONTH. STT TAKACS, A 46-YEAR-OLD AND FATHER OF THREE, PENNED A PERSONAL SAY ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCE G OUT AS A GAY MAN TO HIS SONS. READ ABOUT HIS JOURNEY BELOW HIS OWN WORDS.COMG OUT AT 42 I WAS 42 YEARS OLD WHEN I ME OUT TO MY WIFE. IT WAS 15 MONTHS LATER THAT I STARTED THAT SAME NVERSATN WH MY THREE BOYS -- 9-YEAR-OLD TWS AND AN 11-YEAR-OLD.THE WHOLE EXPERIENCE IS SOMEWHAT OF A BLUR, MOSTLY PART TO THE FACT THAT AT THAT POT MY LIFE THERE WAS A LOT OF CHANGE HAPPENG AND SOME SIGNIFINT PENT-UP EMOTNS. THERE WASN'T MUCH OF A PLAN, NO GUIBOOK HAND, ONLY GOALS THAT I HOPED MY BOYS WOULD START THE PROCS OF UNRSTANDG AND ACCEPTG THEIR DAD FOR WHOM I TLY WAS: A GAY MAN.STT TAKACSGMA IT HAD BEEN A LONG 15 MONTHS SCE G OUT TO MY WIFE, AN EXPERIENCE I UNFORTUNATELY WOULDN'T SCRIBE AS POSIVE, FUN OR SOMETHG I EVER WANT TO REPEAT. IT WAS WROUGHT WH THE HAPPS OF FALLY TELLG THE CLOST PERSON MY TE INTY, WHILE SIMULTANEOLY RIPPG HER WORLD OUT OM UNR HER. WH MANY EMOTNS AND STRS, I ACCEPTED HER REQUT TO KEEP THE REASON FOR OUR DIVORCE -- DUE TO ME BEG GAY -- A SECRET FOR AT LEAST ANOTHER YEAR. THIS CLUD KEEPG OM OUR KIDS AND HER SI OF THE FAY.WHEN THE MOMENT TO BREAK THE NEWS TO MY KIDS FALLY ME, I HAD A LOT OF ISSU TO NAVIGATE. OVER 15 MONTHS, I HAD FALIZED THE DIVORCE, MOVED AGA AND TAKEN A NEW JOB BASED CHIGO, 250 AWAY OM MY BOYS. THE DISTANCE WAS TO CREATE SOME SPACE BETWEEN MY NOW EX-WIFE, WHO STGGLED BEG PROXIMY TO ME.I HAD CID I NEED TO BE SAFE, EE OF THE STRS AND EMOTNALLY SANE TO BE A GOOD FATHER TO MY BOYS, EVEN IF THAT MEANT TRANSNG OM EVERY VOLVED DAD DAY-TO-DAY TO A DAY SHUTTLG BETWEEN CHIGO AND THE SUBURBS OF DETRO MULTIPL TIM A MONTH. CHIGO OFFERED THE STABILY I NEED A JOB, IENDSHIP AND AT THIS POT, A NEW RELATNSHIP THAT ALL NTRIBUTED TO MY HEALG THIS NEW GAY WORLD.STT WH HIS IENDS.COURTY JOE KOECHERWE WERE ALL ADJTG TO A NEW, MORN FAY, MORE LIKE A FAY TRANSN. HOMOSEXUALY WASN'T A TOPIC WELL DISCSED OUR FAY. IT WASN'T NECSARILY A BAD TOPIC, JT WASN'T DISCSED. GAY IENDS WERE JT IENDS -- RPECTED BUT THEIR RELATNSHIPS NOT NECSARILY DISCSED. GAY MARRIAGE WAS THE NEWS, BUT NOT DISCSED OUR HOE OTHER THAN THE OCSNAL NEGATIVE MENT OM A CLOSE RELATIVE.A 'NEW MORN-FAY'STT'S MOTHER WH HIS THREE SONS.COURTY STT TACKACS MY KIDS ATTEND A VERY NSERVATIVE, PRIVATE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL. WE CHOSE THE SCHOOL BEE WE WANTED TO GIVE OUR KIDS ACCS TO THE BT TN AND A STRONG FOUNDATN TO TAKE ON THE WORLD. IN MANY WAYS, A LOVG PLACE FOR THEM, BUT I ME TO REALIZE THAT TEACHERS SPOKE OPENLY AGAST GAY CULTURE AND TEXTBOOKS LABELED HOMOSEXUALY AS SFUL AND EVIL. MY KIDS LISTENED AND FOLLOWED THEIR LEAD.EVEN PRR TO G OUT, WAS HARD FOR ME TO HEAR MY KIDS E HOME WH STORI OF TEACHERS GRADG GAY MARRIAGE OR GAY PEOPLE, TO SEE THEIR WORKBOOKS, RERCG THE BIAS AGAST BEG GAY. I DID MY BT TO ENURAGE MY KIDS TO UNRSTAND THAT GOD MA EVERYONE JT THE WAY THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE, AND THAT GOD LOV EVERYONE.I HAD TO TEMPER MY WORDS WHEN SUATNS ME UP WH MY KIDS' TN, OUT OF FEAR WOULD DISPT THEIR EXPERIENCE SCHOOL. THE LAST THG I WANTED WAS FOR MY KIDS TO BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY BEE THEY HAD A GAY DAD, WHICH I FELT WAS A POSSIBILY.IN THE YEAR FOLLOWG MY DIVORCE, I AGREED NOT TO TELL THE KIDS I WAS GAY, SO I HAD TO BE REFUL. WHEN I BROUGHT THE KIDS TO CHIGO, WE STAYED A HOTEL AND NOT AT THE HOME I SHARED WH MY BOYIEND. THE MAN I WAS DATG WAS JT A IEND. WE WERE REFUL TO AVOID REFERENC TO "GAY" DISCSNS AND PLAC, ALTHOUGH I LIVED THE GAYBORHOOD OF CHIGO, AN UPSLE, PREDOMANTLY GAY AREA ON CHIGO'S NORTH SI.'SRY'TELLG MY KIDS WAS SRY. I WASN'T SURE WHAT TO EXPECT. THEY HAD ALREADY MET MY BOYIEND MULTIPLE TIM BY THAT POT AND HAD BEE IENDS WH HIM.I STARTED WH MY OLST SON AND THEN EVENTUALLY HIS YOUNGER BROTHERS.THE OLST TOOK THE NEWS THE HARST, AS I EXPECTED. HE WAS A FEW YEARS AHEAD OF HIS BROTHERS BEG DOCTRATED BY HIS SCHOOL AGAST HOMOSEXUALY. ANGRY ABOUT THE DIVORCE, HE ACTED OUT AGAST HIS MOM AND ME. HE WAS FIANT AT TIM AND GENERALLY EMBARRASSED ABOUT HIS GAY DAD. HE DIDN'T WANT HIS IENDS TO KNOW AND WAS SRED I MIGHT DO SOMETHG TO CLUE THEM . HE WAS AAID HE WOULD BE TEASED.THE TWS' REACTN WAS MORE MUTED. THEY WERE TOO YOUNG TO UNRSTAND THE NCEPT AND DIDN'T SEEM TO RE AS MUCH. IT WAS MORE OF -- "OK, DAD, LET'S TALK ABOUT SOMETHG ELSE."STT AND HIS TWO 9-YEAR-OLD TW SONS.COURTY STT TACKACS 'HE LOV ME, BUT HE DON'T SUPPORT MY LIFTYLE'I TRIED TO ASSURE MY SONS THAT DAD WAS THE SAME DAD TO THEM I WAS BEFORE. I TRIED TO RERCED THE G-OUT NCEPT TERMS I FELT THEY WOULD UNRSTAND FOR THEIR AGE SCE RELATNSHIP AND SEXUAL LOVE WASN'T SOMETHG THEY UNRSTOOD YET. EVENTUALLY, THOUGH, THAT STARTED TO PASS.AFTER FOUR YEARS, MY OLST SON'S IENDS KNEW HE HAD A GAY DAD, AND, TO PUT TEENAGE TERMS, WASN'T SO BAD. HE IS STILL EMBARRASSED BY THE WHOLE THG ON SOME LEVEL. HE LOV ME, BUT HE DON'T SUPPORT MY LIFTYLE. I THK HE UNRSTANDS BEG GAY ISN'T A CHOICE ANYMORE, AND I BELIEVE THAT WILL NTUE.MY EX-WIFE CERTALY BORE THE BNT OF THE DAY-TO-DAY WH THE KIDS. SHE STILL DO, AND I KNOW 'S STILL NOT EASY. I DO MY BT TO TRY TO REMA ENGAGED OM A DISTANCE, OFFERG AS MUCH HELP WH THGS LIKE DOCTOR APPOTMENTS, HAIRCUTS, BUYG SHO AND CLOTH, RERCG THEM CLEANG THEIR ROOM AS MUCH AS I ULD.MY WEEKEND VISS WH THE KIDS ULD BE SCRIBED, STILL, AS DRIVG 100 AROUND THE SUBURBS NNG ERRANDS WH THE BOYS, HAVG FUN AND TRYG TO MAKE MEMORABLE EXPERIENC WH THEM.STT WH HIS SISTER AND CHILDRENCOURTY STT TAKACSI HAVE WORKED VERY HARD TO STAY NNECTED TO THE BOYS, AND 'S NOT EASY. CALLG EVERY DAY BEFORE SCHOOL TO WISH THEM OFF, LLG TWO TO THREE TIM AFTER SCHOOL, AND FACETIMG THEM OFTEN. I STILL DRIVE BACK AND FORTH TO MICHIGAN MULTIPLE TIM A MONTH, RACKG UP 1,500 TO 2,000 A MONTH.DON'T HI THE TTHWHAT I'VE LEARNED IS THAT THIS PROCS TAK TIME. I HAD MORE THAN 25 YEARS TO E TO TERMS WH MY INTY, AND THK I EXPECTED THOSE CLOST TO ME WOULD ADJT QUICKLY. THAT'S SIMPLY NOT REALISTIC.FOR THOSE GOG THROUGH THE SAME PROCS: GIVE YOUR WIFE (EX) THE SPACE AND TIME SHE NEEDS TO PROCS THE CHANG, LOVE YOUR KIDS WH ALL YOUR HEART AND BE HONT WH THEM ABOUT THE CHANG.DON'T HI THE TTH ONCE 'S OUT. ONE OF MY BIGGT REGRETS IS NOT TELLG EVERYONE MY FAY AT THE SAME TIME, LYG ABOUT THE REASON WE DIVORCED. I WISH I HAD NOT AGREED TO THAT, BUT ALSO UNRSTAND AT THE TIME SEEMED LIKE MA SENSE.I DON'T REGRET THE PATH I WENT DOWN. I STILL BELIEVE WAS GOD'S PLAN THE WAY THGS HAVE GONE; HAD THEY NOT, I WOULDN'T HAVE HAD 20 GOOD YEARS WH MY NOW EX-WIFE, AND I WOULDN'T HAVE THREE AWOME BOYS. I WOULDN'T TRA THAT FOR ANYTHG.MY WISH IS THAT THGS WILL NTUE TO REANIZE AND ONE DAY WE'LL ALL LOOK BACK AT 2014 AND 'LL JT BE ANOTHER FLECTN POTS OUR LIFE.I HELPED START A GROUP FOR GAY FATHERS CHIGO AND HAS SHOWN ME THAT THERE ARE OTHER GAY FATHERS AHEAD OF ME THEIR G-OUT JOURNEY WH POSIVE EXPERIENC TO SHARE. AFTER YEARS OF HARD WORK, THEY HAVE MARRIED MEN, THEIR EX HAVE MARRIED AS WELL, AND THEY ALL ENJOY VATNS, BIRTHDAYS, AND SHARE THE JOY OF THEIR CHILDREN LIKE ONE, BIG, MORN FAY.STT, HIS PARTNER, JOE, AND HIS THREE SONS.COURTY STT TAKACSTHIS STORY WAS ORIGALLY PUBLISHED JUNE 19, 2018.RELATED TOPICSLGBTQUP NEXT LIVG—FIRE PARTMENT ADOPTS PUPPY WHO WAS RCUED OM LOCKED, HOT RAUGT 31, 2023FROM THE NICU TO HBCUS: BALTIMORE TRIPLETS START LLEGE ATLANTAAUGT 30, 2023BRI SHAR MOM'S HILAR WEDDG PHOTO BOOK FAILAUGT 29, 2023LOOK UP! AUGT'S 'BLUE SUPERMOON' WON'T BE SEEN AGA UNTIL 2037AUGT 29, 2023UP NEXT LIVG—FIRE PARTMENT ADOPTS PUPPY WHO WAS RCUED OM LOCKED, HOT RAUGT 31, 2023FROM THE NICU TO HBCUS: BALTIMORE TRIPLETS START LLEGE ATLANTAAUGT 30, 2023BRI SHAR MOM'S HILAR WEDDG PHOTO BOOK FAILAUGT 29, 2023LOOK UP! AUGT'S 'BLUE SUPERMOON' WON'T BE SEEN AGA UNTIL 2037AUGT 29, 2023

Instead, difficulti experienced by the children appear to be associated wh stigmatizatn by the outsi world (Bos & Gartrell, 2010; Bos & van Balen, 2008) circumstanc of children wh gay fathers are somewhat different om those of children wh lbian mothers that is unual for fathers, whether heterosexual or gay, to be primary regivers. However, gay father fai wh children born through surrogacy differ not only om the tradnal fay wh rpect to the sexual orientatn and genr of the parents but also om adoptive gay father fai that the children have both a geic and nongeic father as well as a geic mother (the egg donor) and a gtatnal mother (the surrogate).

Although there has been a dramatic rise the number of gay men havg children through surrogacy (Berkowz, 2013), the creatn of gay father fai through assisted reproductive technologi is such a recent phenomenon that there is ltle rearch on children born this way.

In an unntrolled, qutnnaire‐based study of 68 gay father fai wh 3‐ to 10‐year‐old children born through gtatnal surrogacy, the children of gay fathers were reported to show signifintly lower levels of adjtment problems pared to data obtaed om general populatn norms, wh the dghters of gay fathers appearg to exhib particularly low levels of ternalizg problems (Green, Rub, Bergman, & Katuzny, 2015). In a qutnnaire‐based study Italy, gay father fai formed through surrogacy did not differ om lbian mother fai formed through donor sematn or heterosexual parent fai wh naturally nceived children wh rpect to parent‐reported fay functng or the emotnal regulatn or adjtment of children aged around 4 years (Bac et al., 2015) aim of the prent vtigatn was to nduct a ntrolled, ‐pth study of gay father fai created through surrogacy wh children who were old enough to unrstand that their fay stcture differed om that of other children. The study tted the hypothis that gay father fai created through surrogacy would experience greater difficulti terms of stigmatizatn, parentg, and child adjtment than a parison group of lbian mother fai created through donor sematn due to the addnal challeng faced by gay father fai formed this way.