A Renaissance Man  Victorian Tim - The Gay & Lbian Review

Contents:

• BEFORE STRAIGHT AND GAY
• THE 200-YEAR-OLD DIARY THAT'S REWRG GAY HISTORY
• SEX SYMBOL: HOW ANTO BEME A GAY CO WORD THE VICTORIAN ERA
• HOW GAY CULTURE BLOSSOMED DURG THE ROARG TWENTI
• GAY MOSW MOSW CY GUI
• NOT THE ONN: MOSW BANS GAY PRI FOR NEXT 100 YEARS
• GAY MOSW · CY GUI

BEFORE STRAIGHT AND GAY

Before Straight and GayThe discreet, disorientg passns of the Victorian eraMarc BurckhardtEven by the formidable standards of ement Victorian fai, the Bensons were an timidatg lot.

As a great al of queer history has by now monstrated, the strictly fed tegori of “homosexual” and “heterosexual” are relatively new: bright l drawn across the late-20th-century sexual landspe that ma “g out” a dichotomo the Victorians, the suatn was much more fluid. Though sex between men was a crimal offense ( Bra, lbianism was visible before the law), there was, as yet, hardly a homosexual inty fed by same-sex sire. And when he did e , after a theoretil nversatn on the subject wh Fred, he wrote the word out—“the homo sexual qutn”— a way that suggted ’s another way of unrstandg reticence, though, which Fred, Arthur’s sunnier brother, suppli.

Unlike Fred Benson, she was unsentimental about her Victorian upbrgg, yet as the dichotomy between homosexual and heterosexual solidified, she uld see what had been lost: “Where people mistake, as I thk, is perpetually narrowg and namg the immensely pose and wi flung passns—drivg stak through them, herdg them between screens. ” The irony of all this is somethg that no gay liberatnist would have thought possible when the mpaign for homosexual rights was regard as a grave threat to the social orr. Sandwiched between the fluidy of the Victorian years and the proliferatg sexual and genr inti of the new lennium, the late 20th century’s straight-gay paradigm looks cidly old-fashned—maybe even a ltle stodgy.

THE 200-YEAR-OLD DIARY THAT'S REWRG GAY HISTORY

The Victorian era is important to be looked at so that we know the cultural ntext which Osr Wil ed to live homosexualy went agast the notn of masculy, was talked about rarely and threatened the fay stcture as well as was believed to go agast beg fundamentally Brish.

This lack of rmatn om different mediums of munitn is the reason why discsn of homosexualy was not seen throughout society. Discsns about homosexualy among society was very mimal bee Victorian cizens tried to ignore the fact ncept that mal might have sexual relatnship wh other mal. Homosexualy Victorian eraAttus and expectatns about maral and timate relatnships were very strict durg Victorian era.

Homosexualy Victorian eraPublicly homosexualy was not discsed and was hard to accs private sexual behavur. Many believed that one uld be moral and at the same time have sexual was one of the reasons why homosexualy was extremely problematic issue the Brish society faced at that time.

SEX SYMBOL: HOW ANTO BEME A GAY CO WORD THE VICTORIAN ERA

In the fundamental Brish society, was embarrassg to speak of this sexual was only when the trials of Osr Wil were gog on that the term and ia of classifyg homosexualy me to limelight. Homosexualy was very rarely discsed Victorian society and whenever was discsed there were severe nsequenc for the men. Observable homosexualyEven though heterosexualy was nsired normal and natural throughout Victorian era, there is seen visible crease homosexualy pecially among men as well as telligentsia durg that perd of history.

The reason was that homosexualy was prohibed as cent behavur public and privately, gay sex behd closed doors was not nsired crimal offence until 1885. It is believed that Victorians had a more lenient attu towards gay relatnships or attu to sex between men than their 1960s unterparts. Image ptn, Claire Pickerg Wakefield library imag the diary wrer speakg a Yorkshire accentA diary wrten by a Yorkshire farmer more than 200 years ago is beg hailed as providg remarkable evince of tolerance towards homosexualy Bra much earlier than prevly imaged.

Historians om Oxford Universy have been taken aback to disver that Matthew Tomlson's diary om 1810 ntas such open-md views about same-sex attractn beg a "natural" human diary challeng prenceptns about what "ordary people" thought about homosexualy - showg there was a bate about whether someone really should be discrimated agast for their sexualy. "In this excg new disvery, we see a Yorkshire farmer argug that homosexualy is nate and somethg that shouldn't be punished by ath, " says Oxford rearcher Eamonn O' ptn, The diari were handwrten by Tomlson the farmhoe where he lived and workedThe historian had been examg Tomlson's handwrten diari, which have been stored Wakefield Library sce the thoands of pag of the private journals have never been transcribed and prevly ed by rearchers terted Tomlson's eye-wns acunts of electns Yorkshire and the Ludd smashg up O'Keeffe me across what seemed, for the era of Gee III, to be a rather startlg set of arguments about same-sex relatnships. Tomlson had been prompted by what had been a big sex sndal of the day - which a well-rpected naval surgeon had been found to be engagg homosexual ptn, Historian Eamonn O'Keeffe says the diari provi a rare sight to the views of "ordary people" the early 1800sA urt martial had orred him to be hanged - but Tomlson seemed unnvced by the cisn, qutng whether what the papers lled an "unnatural act" was really that unnatural.

HOW GAY CULTURE BLOSSOMED DURG THE ROARG TWENTI

"It mt seem strange ed that God Almighty should make a beg wh such a nature, or such a fect nature; and at the same time make a cree that if that beg whom he had formed, should at any time follow the dictat of that Nature, wh which he was formed, he should be punished wh ath, " he wrote on January 14 there was an "clatn and propensy" for someone to be homosexual om an early age, he wrote, " mt then be nsired as natural, otherwise as a fect nature - and if natural, or a fect nature; seems cel to punish that fect wh ath" diarist mak reference to beg rmed by others that homosexualy is apparent om an early age - suggtg that Tomlson and his social circle had been talkg about this se and discsg somethg that was not unknown to this time, and also Wt Yorkshire, a lol landowner, Anne Lister, was wrg a d diary about her lbian relatnships - wh her story told the televisn seri, Gentleman knowg what "ordary people" really thought about such behavur is always difficult - not least bee the loust survivg voic are ually the wealthy and has exced amics is the chance to eavdrop on an everyday farmer thkg aloud his source, Getty ImagImage ptn, Tomlson was appalled by the levels of rptn durg electns"What's strikg is that he's an ordary guy, he's not a member of the bohemian circl or an tellectual, " says O'Keeffe, a doctoral stunt Oxford's history acceptance of homosexualy might have been exprsed privately aristocratic or philosophilly radil circl - but this was beg discsed by a ral worker. O'Keeffe says shows ias were "perlatg through Brish society much earlier and more wily than we'd expect" - wh the diary workg through the bat that Tomlson might have been havg wh his the were still far om morn liberal views - and O'Keeffe says they n be extremely "jarrg" someone was homosexual by choice, rather than by nature, Tomlson was ready to nsir that they should still be punished - proposg stratn as a more morate optn than the ath ptn, Tomlson's former home was still there the 1930s (bottom left), but has sce disappeared beneath hog and a golf urseO'Keeffe says disverg evince of the kds of bate has both "enriched and plited" what we know about public opn this pre-Victorian diary is raisg ternatnal Fara Dabhoiwala, om Prceton Universy the US, an expert the history of attus towards sexualy, scrib as "vivid proof" that "historil attus to same-sex behavur uld be more sympathetic than is ually prumed".

GAY MOSW MOSW CY GUI

Instead of seeg homosexualy as a "horrible perversn", Prof Dabholwala says the rerd showed a farmer 1810 uld see as a "natural, dively ordaed human qualy" Norton, an expert gay history, said there had been earlier arguments fendg homosexualy as natural - but the were more likely to be om philosophers than farmers.

Men were ee to have affectnate man relatnships wh each other whout fear of beg lled “gay” bee the ncept of homosexualy as we know today didn’t exist then. While the topic of homosexualy wasn’t routely spoken about durg the Victorian era, ultimately beme a big issue by the end of the 19th century.

One of the most famo stanc of a gay man gog to jail occurred 1895 when Osr Wil was sent to Readg Gaol after beg charged wh gross cency and sodomy. It’s tertg to note that the word ‘homosexual’ didn’t enter the English lexin until 1912 while ‘sodomy’ has been ed sce 1297. As such, is easy to image that beg gay durg the Victorian era was downright dangero bee you were likely to spend a few years behd bars.

NOT THE ONN: MOSW BANS GAY PRI FOR NEXT 100 YEARS

However, historian Jeff Evans lved to a legn of urt s volvg the crimalizatn of homosexuals and was surprised by what he found. In the Victorian era, homosexualy was emed to place a terrible stra on the fay dynamic and when cizens and officials were forced to speak about , the ‘acced’ men were vilified, ostracized, and classified as dividuals who went outsi acceptable masculy.

Ined, the punishment for makg false claims about a man’s sexualy rried a more severe punishment than beg homosexual. While was primarily men who were punished for homosexualy, was maly women who got the wrong end of the stick when me to mercial heterosexual sex.

GAY MOSW · CY GUI

However, both men also engaged homosexual relatnships and the thori began watchg them and wag for the duo to slip up.

Although was fantastic news for them, hered a dark age for homosexuals Bra as future laws ma easier to punish gay men.

After failg to nvict Park and Boulton, the police need new powers to tch gay men and the urts need the power to punish them even if they weren’t ught the act. Although fewer men were nvicted of homosexualy and punished the Victorian age, s backward thkg laid the foundatns for gay men and women to be ostracized and punished the 20th century. Sadly, the horrendo treatment of homosexuals stroyed thoands of liv and was formed the dark days of the Victorian era.