The 'gaytrifitn' effect: why gay neighbourhoods are beg priced out | Ci | The Guardian

Contents:

• THE 'GAYTRIFITN' EFFECT: WHY GAY NEIGHBOURHOODS ARE BEG PRICED OUT
• IS THERE A FUTURE FOR GAY VILLAG?
• BETWEEN “GHETTOS”, “SAFE SPAC” AND “GAYTRIFITN”
• WHY GAYBORHOODS MATTER: THE STREET EMPIRICS OF URBAN SEXUALI
• THE LIFECYCLE OF THE GAY VILLAGE
• NEW GAYBORHOODS RISG EXISTG GAYBORHOODS & NEW HIDN GEMS TO CHECK OUT  CANADA - QUEBECMONTREAL - "THE NEW NYC A LA FRANIS WH LATX ON TOP" MONTREAL - FOR SAVY LGBTQ MUNY MEMBERS, SUPER LGBTQ-IENDLY MONTREAL HAS ALWAYS BEEN ON MANY OF THEIR PERSONAL TRAVEL TO SPOT,OR PLAC TO RETIRE , BUT CREASGLY IS BEG THE CY OF CHOICE FOR LGBTQ IMMIGRANTS WORLDWI AND MAKG THIS ALREADY OL PLACE - EVEN MORE TRENDY.  LOL LATX LGBTQ OM ALL OVER LAT AMERI & USA IS BOOMG NUMBERS. NEW NSTCTN IS EVERYWHERE, AND SOME BELIEVE WILL LEAD TO AN OVER NSTCTN PERD THE NEXT UPLE OF YEARS WHERE YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO FD MORE AFFORDABL TOP OF THE LE APARTMENTS THROUGHOUT THE CY. THE CY ALSO OFFERS RENTERS ONE OF CANADA'S BT RENT NTROL PROTECTN. MONTREAL'S GAY VILLAGE IS WELL KNOWN AND LOVED BY MANY, BUT GROWG MONTREAL'S LGBTQ MUNY IS VISIBLE EVERY NEIGHBORHOOD. IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN THERE YET, TREAT YOURSELF TO MONTREAL.          CANADA - QUEBEC - MONTREALVAL-DAVID - "AN ARTS & SPORTS MOUNTA OASIS" "ABOUT 50 KILOMETERS NORTH OF MONTREAL, AND ABOUT 18 KILOMETERS SOUTH OM THE WORLD RENOUN SKI RORT OF MONT-TREMBLANT, YOU WILL FD THE SMALL VILLAGE OF VAL-DAVID. A LONG TIME ARTIST AND SPORTS LONY THAT IS CREASGLY ATTRACTG US AND CANADIAN LGBTQ UPL AND FAI LOOKG FOR UNTRY MOUNTA SEND HOM OR MONTREAL MUTABLE OPTNS - NOT ONLY FOR S CENTRAL AND BETIFUL LOTN THE LRENTIAN MOUNTAS, BUT ALSO FOR S HISTORIC "ANTI-VELOPMENT" BOHEMIAN ATTU, RINT ARTISTS POPULATN, LOL SKI RORTS, REGNAL PARKS WH A DIVERSE OFFERG OF HIKG/SNOWSHOEG/CROSSUNTRY BIKG TRAILS, S LAK AND ABOVE ALL S ATTEMPT AT PRERVG A SIMPLE WAY OF LIFE AMONG NATURE"          USA - WT SEATTLE, WA -ALKI BEACH PARK -"THE WAY VENICE BEACH USED TO BE"  - WHILE NOT CHEAP TO PURCHASE , THIS IS STILL AN AFFORDABLE RENTAL AREA (PARED WH MANY OF THE OTHER METRO AREAS) AND REMDS MANY OF THE WAY VENICE BEACH, CA ED TO BE BEFORE ALL THE RECENT VELOPMENT AND ASTRONOMIL PRICE CREAS. THE DIVERSY OF PEOPLE; ALONG WH THE BEACHONT WALKG/BIKG TRAIL, S HISTORY, S LOL HIKG TRAILS, AND S EASY ACCS/PROXIMY TO SEATTLE DOWNTOWN MAKE THIS A GAYBORHOOD WORTH CHECKG"            USA - HARTFORD, CTPARKVILLE, WT END & GLASTONBURY GLASTONBURY SETTLED 1633, AND NOW ON THE EYE OF NYC & BOSTON LGBTQ UPL AND FAI FOR AFFORDABLE SEND OR UNTRY HOM AND/OR RETIREMENT A TOWN WH CLOSE PROXIMY TO CY CENTERS, WHOLE FOODS, AND OTHER SERVIC. THE LGBTQ MUNY STARTED CREASG HERE A FEW YEARS AGO, BUT IS NOW GAG MOMENTUM/VOLUME AS THIS MUNY IS  STILL AFFORDABLE,HAS GREAT SCHOOLS, CREASG NUMBER OF RTRANT OFFERGS, AND STILL MATAS A SMALL NNECTICUT VILLAGE FEEL. FROM WIKIPEDIA: "THE TOWN BEGS ON THE BANKS OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER AND EXTENDS UP TO FOOTHILLS, MANY OF WHICH PROVI A VIEW OF HARTFORD'S SKYLE. SOME MAJOR VELOPMENTS THE TOWN ARE BUILT ENTIRELY ON RELATIVELY STEEP HILLS, SUCH AS "MNECHG MOUNTA", THE MAJOR RINTIAL AREA VELOPED OM THE 1970S UNTIL LATE '90S."            USA - ORLANDO, FLUNIVERSAL - MILLENIA  FLORIDA - ORLANDO'S DOWNTOWN AND SEVERAL OTHER NEIGHBORHOODS ARE LONG TABLISHED GAYBORHOODS, BUT THE AREA OFF THE CONROY EX & INTERSTATE- 4 BETWEEN UNIVERSAL STUDS AND MILLENIA MALL (ORLANDO'S HIGH END MALL) ASI OM BEG VERY CENTRALLY LOTED, STILL OFFERS AFFORDABLE NDOS AND RENTALS THAT HAVE BEEN ATRACTG LGBTQ MUNY MEMBERS OF ALL AG OM US, PUERTO RI, BRAZIL, VENEZUELA, AND THE YOUNG CUBAN AMERINS FLEEG CROWD AND EXPENSIVE SOUTH BEACH.           US - BALTIMORE INNER HARBOR, MARYLANDOTTERBESMALL, EXCLIVE, TABLISHED, AND THE BT CENTRAL LOTN TO ENJOY THE BT OF BALTIMORE'S INNER HARBOR AND WH DIRECT TRA NNECTNS TO WASHGTON DC - UNN STATN AND BWI AIRPORT. THE NUM ER OF RABOW FLAGS AROUND THE TOWNHO, AND NDOS THE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE BALTIMORE'S RENAISSANCE STARTED A FEW YEARS BACK HAVE BEEN MULTIPLYG AT A VERY FAST RATE, BUT STILL PROVIS AFFORDABLE HOME OPTNS.  ON           TOP PLAC FOR LGBTQ FOLKS TO LIVE—AND IT'S NOT JT NEW YORK AND SAN FRANCIS  "TO E UP WH OUR RANKG,* LOOKED AT CI WH AT LEAST 50,000 HOEHOLDS, OF WHICH AT LEAST 0.5% WERE HEAD BY SAME-SEX PARTNERS, ACRDG TO U.S. CENS .  WE LOOKED AT EACH CY'S SRE ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN MUNICIPAL EQUALY INX, WHICH MEASUR HOW CLIVE S LAWS AND SERVIC ARE FOR THE GAY MUNY. WE FACTORED NUMBERS OF GAY BARS AND MEETUP GROUPS PER 10,000 HOEHOLDS, AND MA SURE THAT EACH PLACE ON OUR LIST HAS AN ANNUAL PRI PARA OR FTIVAL. SO WHY DIDN'T WORLD-FAMO GAY MECS SUCH AS NEW YORK CY, LOS ANGEL, OR MIAMI MAKE OUR LIST? ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE HIGH NUMBERS OF SAME-SEX UPL, THEY REPRENTED A SMALLER PERCENTAGE OF THOSE HUGE CI' OVERALL POPULATNS. SO WHAT ARE THE MOST FABULOLY GAY-IENDLY PLAC TO LIVE? 1. SAN FRANCIS, CA 2. ATLANTA, GA 3. ST. PETERSBURG, FL 4. DENVER, CO 5. SEATTLE, WA 6. PORTLAND, OR 7. MNEAPOLIS, MN 8. ST. LOUIS, MO 9. PROVINCE, RI 10. AT, TX THE FUTURE GAYBORHOODS AREN'T AD. IN FACT, THERE ARE MORE OF THEM THAN YOU THK. REARCH: ARTICLE:  "THERE GO THE GAYBORHOOD," THE NEW YORK TIM PROCLAIMED ONE 2017 HEADLE. BUT AM GHAZIANI, ASSISTANT PROFSOR OF SOCLOGY AT THE UNIVERSY OF BRISH COLUMBIA, ISN'T EXACTLY GRIEVG.  IN HIS RECENTLY PUBLISHED PIECE, "CULTURAL ARCHIPELAGOS: NEW DIRECTNS THE STUDY OF SEXUALY AND SPACE," GHAZIANI ANALYZ NEW REARCH TO MAKE A BOLD HYPOTHIS: THE GAYBORHOOD HASN'T DIED, AND ISN'T BEG DILUTED OUT OF EXISTENCE. INSTEAD,  "GAYBORHOODS ARE MULTIPLYG AND DIVERSIFYG."  GAYBORHOODS, GHAZIANI ARGU, AREN'T SGULAR S BUT HAVE STEAD BEE CULTURAL ARCHIPELAGOS: A SERI OF QUEER ISLANDS, NNECTED BY SEXUALY AND GENR. AND CI WILL OFTEN HAVE MORE THAN ONE OF THEM.   IS THERE A FUTURE FOR GAY VILLAG?  "CI HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HAVENS FOR DIFFERENCE WHERE, BEE OF THE SHEER NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVG THERE, YOU N MAKE A PLACE WH OTHERS WH WHOM YOU SHARE SOMETHG MON.  GAY VILLAG FORMED ORR TO PROVI PEOPLE WH A PLACE OF MUTUAL SUPPORT, PROTECTN AND SOCIALISATN, BUT NOW FACE A NUMBER OF THREATS TO THEIR NTUED EXISTENCE. LGBT HISTORY MONTH GIV AN OPPORTUNY TO REFLECT ON HOW GAY VILLAG HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME AND TO LOOK AT SOME OF THE CHALLENG THAT FACE THEM TODAY. PRR TO THE CRIMALISATN OF HOMOSEXUALY THE UK 1967, ISOLATED BARS AND PRIVATE CLUBS VELOPED REPUTATNS FOR TOLERATG NON-HETEROSEXUAL MUNI.  THE CLANSTE GAY VENU DID NOT ALWAYS HAVE AN EXCLIVELY HOMOSEXUAL CLIENTELE, BUT UALLY OPERATED ON A SMALL SLE AND WERE GENERALLY SQUEEZED TO SOMEWHAT UNFASHNABLE OR DOWN-AT-HEEL PARTS OF TOWN.   FOLLOWG CRIMALISATN, BY THE LATE 1970S A MORE DISTCTIVE SCENE HAD BEGUN TO EMERGE WH DITED BARS, CLUBS AND SUPPORT SERVIC CLTERG N-DOWN PARTS OF LARGER CI THAT MASTREAM PROPERTY VELOPERS WERE PAYG LTLE ATTENTN TO.  THE AREAS GAED PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE AS SOURC OF RMATN EXCHANGE, HEALTH SERVIC AND SUPPORT AS AIDS CIMATED GAY MUNI DURG THE 1980S. THE SEMI-FORMAL CLTERS OF LGBT-IENDLY BARS AND SERVIC THE 1980S VELOPED TO MORE FULLY-FLEDGED AND FORMALISED VILLAG THROUGH THE 1990S, PARTICULARLY AS CI SAW THE POTENTIAL FOR VELOPG THEIR NIGHT TIME ENOMI.  THE VENU AND BARS OF MANCHTER’S CANAL STREET, FOR EXAMPLE, PIGGYBACKED ON THE MADCHTER CLUB SCENE OF THE TIME, CREATG A VIBRANT NIGHT TIME ENOMY A PREVLY N-DOWN PART OF THE CY.  MANCHTER CY COUNCIL THEN SOUGHT TO PALISE ON THIS ACTIVY, HEAVILY PROMOTG CANAL STREET AS PART OF S TERNATNAL MARKETG TO TOURISTS.   MUCH OF THE SOCIAL AND HEALTH SUPPORT SERVIC THAT WERE PROVID BY GAY VILLAG N TODAY BE ACCSED ONLE, RCG THE NEED FOR A DITED SPACE TO EXCHANGE THIS RMATN.  LIKEWISE, THE RISE OF SMARTPHONE APPS HAS RCED THE NEED TO GO TO A SPECIFIC VENUE ORR TO MEET OTHER LGBT PEOPLE.  GREATER TOLERANCE FOR HOMOSEXUALY SOCIETY HAS AT LARGE RCED – ALTHOUGH NOT REMOVED – THE NEED FOR GAY VILLAG TO SERVE AS SAFE SPAC WHICH TO BE OPENLY GAY.   AS THEY VELOPED, GAY VILLAG RELIED UPON A BATN OF LOW RENTS AND AN ENOMY BASED AROUND DRKG CULTUR TO STA THEIR VIBRANCY.  AS BRA’S CY CENTR HAVE BEEN REGENERATED SCE THE LATE 1990S, PROPERTY VALU THE AREAS HAVE CREASED, BRGG THE CHALLENGE OF GENTRIFITN, WHEREBY MORE MARGAL ERS OF URBAN SPAC ARE PHED OUT FAVOUR OF THOSE WHO N GENERATE HIGHER REVENU.  IF OWNERS FEEL THAT THEY N MAKE MORE MONEY BY NVERTG A SE TO APARTMENTS, THEY HAVE LTLE CENTIVE TO KEEP RENTG OUT SPACE TO A BAR.  AT THE SAME TIME, PEOPLE’S DRKG HABS ARE CHANGG, WH A 17% FALL THE NUMBER OF PUBS BETWEEN 2006 AND 2013.   THE CHANG WIR SOCIETY SQUEEZE THE FANCIAL MOL UNRPNG GAY VILLAG THEIR CURRENT FORM.  BUT GAY VILLAG STILL HAVE A CCIAL ROLE TO PLAY.  HOMOPHOBIA HAS NOT GONE AWAY AND CREATG SAFE SPAC IS STILL IMPORTANT.  THERE ARE ALSO PARTICULAR CHALLENG SOME NON-WHE MUNI, WHICH N BE LS TOLERANT OF HOMOSEXUALY.  THE FACT THAT GAY VILLAG ARE SO STRONGLY NNECTED TO DRKG AND PARTYG CULTUR N BE EXCLNARY BOTH TO PARTICULAR ETHNIC MUNI AND ALSO TO OLR PEOPLE.  LIKEWISE, THE VIRTUAL WORLDS OF DATG APPS HAVE TEND TO BE TARGETED AT GAY MEN, WH LBIANS MUCH LS WELL SERVED BY THE PLATFORMS.   THE CHALLENGE IS TO FD NEW FORMS FOR GAY VILLAG A CHANGG SOCIETY TO BETTER SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE LGBT MUNY TODAY. THE CHALLENGE IS TO FD NEW FORMS FOR GAY VILLAG A CHANGG SOCIETY TO BETTER SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE LGBT MUNY TODAY.     EXAMG THE PAST, PRENT, AND FUTURE OF CHIGO'S FIRST GAY NEIGHBORHOOD  THOUGH BOYSTOWN HAS BEE A SIGNIFINT VISUAL SYMBOL OF LGBT+ INTY CHIGO, ’S ACTUALLY CREASGLY LS HABED SOLELY BY LGBT+ RINTS. THE REASONS BEHD THIS CLE RINCY ARE MIXED. ON A POSIVE NOTE, VASTLY IMPROVED LEGAL PROTECTNS FOR AND CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE LGBT+ MUNY MEANS THAT MANY LGBT+ DIVIDUALS ARE FORTABLE RIDG AREAS THAT AREN’T SPECIFILLY KNOWN AS LGBT+ MUNI. “…THE CENS NOW FDS SAME-SEX ROMANTIC UPL LIVG TOGETHER 93 PERCENT OF AMERI'S UNTI,” MATTHEW YGLIAS OF VOX WROTE WHEN OUTLG THIS TREND. “THE GAY POPULATN IS BEG LS NCENTRATED AS S LEGAL, POLIL, AND SOCIAL REALY IS CREASGLY ACCEPTED.”IN THE REAL TATE REALM, CLIVE STATE AND CY HOG POLICI, UPLED WH THE EQUALY-FOCED PRACTIC OF REAL TATE AGENTS, HAVE HELPED NTRIBUTE TO THIS TREND, SPE THE FACT THAT THERE IS ACTUALLY NO FERAL LAW PLACE PROTECTG LGBT+ DIVIDUALS OM HOG DISCRIMATN (THE FAIR HOG ACT DON’T INTIFY LGBT+ DIVIDUALS AS A PROTECTED CLASS).... OVERALL, THE HISTORY OF CHIGO’S BOYSTOWN IS BOTH RICH AND NUANCED AND , LIKE MANY GAY NEIGHBORHOODS ACROSS THE UNTRY, WILL ALWAYS BE A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE LEGACY OF S CY. WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS FOR BOYSTOWN WILL PEND ON MANY POLIL, SOCENOMIC, AND CULTURAL FACTORS THAT WILL SHAPE THE EVOLUTN AND INTY OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD, WAYS BOTH EXPECTED AND UNFOREEN."    "GREETGS FROM THE GAYBORHOOD — AND BEYOND"  WE MT UNRERVEDLY REGNIZE THE GAYBORHOOD. THEY ALLOW QUEER PEOPLE TO FD EACH OTHER FOR IENDSHIP, FELLOWSHIP, SEX AND LOVE. GAYBORHOODS CUBATE UNIQUE CULTUR, POLIL PERSPECTIV, ANIZATNS, RUALS, AND STYL OF SOCIALIZATN. AT THE END OF A LONG DAY, THEY PROMISE A SENSE OF SAFETY OM DISCRIMATN AND AN OPPORTUNY TO CENTER AND CELEBRATE QUEERNS. THE MORE WE LOOK, THE MORE WE SEE THAT GAYBORHOODS HAVE A HAND EVERY ASPECT OF MORN LIFE: OM STRATEGI, LIKE RABOW CROSSWALKS, THAT CY OFFICIALS E TO MEMORATE THEIR LOL DISTRICT TO THE SHAPG OF REAL TATE VALU; OM THE STUTNAL VELOPMENT OF QUEER MUNI TO THEIR CIVIC ENGAGEMENT; AND OM PRI PARAS TO PROTTS AND ELECTORAL FLUENCE.... EMBRACG THE NOTN OF ARCHIPELAGOS DO NOT REQUIRE TO SUPPRS OR SUBORDATE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GAYBORHOOD BUT RATHER TO SEE AS ONE PART OF A DYNAMIC CHA OF LGBTQ ISLANDS OF CULTURAL SIGNIFINCE, ALL OF WHICH NTRIBUTE TO THE VALY OF OUR CI. "     WHY DO SOME LGBTI PEOPLE GIVE UP LIVG GAY HOTSPOTS AND CI TO MOVE TO SMALL TOWNS?  "EVERYBODY HAD EMED ME A VETERAN, TE-BLUE NEW YORKER (I’M ORIGALLY OM THE SUBURBS OF BOSTON) AND PREDICTED THAT I WOULD LAST A FEW MONTHS A RAL AREA. WE JT MARKED 17 YEARS ULSTER COUNTY (NY). EVEN THOUGH WE WERE LIVG THE IENDLY, ZY, FUNKY WT VILLAGE, WHERE ’S A SMALL TOWN WH THE METROPOLIS, FANCY UPSLE STOR AND TALL BUILDGS WERE BEGNG TO IMPGE UPON THAT SMALL-TOWN VIBE. THAT SULT, UPLED WH SOARG PRIC AND A SHARP DROP QUALY OF LIFE, FUELED OUR CISN TO LEAVE. HAPPILY, MY HBAND BROOK AGREED WH ME TO MOVE" GAYBORHOODS VALUE
• GAYBORHOODS QUEER POLICS
• REVERG THE GAY VILLAGE: A COMPARATIVE HISTORIL GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN CHANGE AND PLANNG TORONTO AND SYDNEY
• GAY MOSW MOSW CY GUI
• LAS VEGAS GAY-FRIENDLY HOTELS AND RORTS GUI
• GAY MOSW · CY GUI

THE 'GAYTRIFITN' EFFECT: WHY GAY NEIGHBOURHOODS ARE BEG PRICED OUT

Affluent and unhampered by children – or so the myth go – this group is always the g vanguard of gentrifyg areas, pricg out long-term lols and leavg behd a trail of look-but-don’t-touch furnure shops and overpriced are urban gay people who are watchg their stutns and neighbourhoods disappear merely reapg what they sowed? The muny anisatn LGBT Detro has been tryg to enurage the (unofficial) foundg of a gay village the cy, as a way of providg more solidary and support for a muny that’s weaker for beg geographilly the anisatn’s director Curtis Lipsb explas: “We had a few areas where LGBT people moved to after the send world war, but they lasted only until the last major whe flight, when a large number of whe gays and lbians moved to the northern suburbs. 3Many thors argue that this mol of the “Gay Village”, often centred on the realy of Anglo-Saxon ci (and particularly north Amerin, or eventually European s), do not ver or reprent the plexy of practic, attus and reprentatns that embodi the spatiali of LGBT life those ci - which naturally do not rtrict to the areas - neher acplish the diversy and plexy of inti herent to them.

IS THERE A FUTURE FOR GAY VILLAG?

Another important aspect that is also seen the analysis of cultural quarters and LGBT neighbourhoods is related to their own terrorial characteristics, which are sential the nurturg of creative terrorially-embedd dynamics (such as the existence of ndns of openns, tolerance, diversy, limaly), which are also fundamental for the settlement and velopment of “gay villag” and “queer terrori”. 14From classil studi on muny-based movements and the spatializatn of “gay villag” (Castells and Murphy, 1982; Castells, 1983; Lria and Knopp, 1985; Bell and Valente, 1995; Knopp, 1995) to a wi diversy of empiril work on the LGBT and queer spatial patterns, multiple analys have drawn attentn to a diversy of spatial practic (and reprentatns) - the cy, the neighbourhood, or even at home - and to the plex mechanisms of permanent negotiatn of inti the urban sphere, both public and private space (Bnie and Valente, 1999; Bnie, 1995, 2004; Bell and Valente, 1995; Hanhardt, 2013, 2016; Giekd 2013, 2016; Sprgate, 2016; L et al, 2014; Chisholm, 2005; Pilkey, 2013, Brown et al, 2004; Vieira, 2011).

The diversy of dimensns vered by this thor’s tensive work the two neighbourhoods - cludg aspects related to the velopment of gay villag, the unrstandg of material and symbolic aspects related to the mercial and rintial trajectori the neighbourhoods, as well as the practic of daily life, the mechanisms of socializatn and sociabily gay villag, or the relatns of ‘gaytrifiers’ wh their neighbourhoods - allows to aspire to have a parative perspective a realy that may not be so far om the Iberian ntext where we nducted our analysis. The LGBT muny the area is noted has havg grown the 1980’s and 1990’s, but the area do not rrpond precisely to what is ually lled a “gay village”, as the visibily of this muny to external ey is still prevalent, and the marks the public space (sentially related to bars and nightlife or sporadic specialized tra) are not so equent. Comparg the characteristics and ntgenci of the areas wh other s prevly studied the lerature, namely the analysis nducted by Col Gird (2014) two other LGBT neighbourhoods (Marais Paris and Village Montreal), we n nsir that is possible to intify the existence of substantial differenc relatn to them and suggt the evince of some specifici that uld reprent a “South European” approach to the realy of the “Gay Villag”.

BETWEEN “GHETTOS”, “SAFE SPAC” AND “GAYTRIFITN”

Gut Edor (s): Alex Bterman17 and Daniel Baldw Hs1817Department of Archecture and Dign, Aled State Universy of New York, New York, USA 18Department of Urban and Regnal Planng, Universy at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA AbstractUrbanists have veloped an extensive set of proposns about why gay neighborhoods form, how they change, shifts their signifince, and their spatial exprsns. Keywords: Urban sexuali, Technology, Gay neighborhoods, LGBTQ+ safe spacIntroductn: Gayborhood StudiThe associatn between sexualy and the cy is as tablished experientially as is affirmed the amy—om sexologil unts of sexual practic to thick ethnographic scriptns of the moral regns of urban sexual worlds (Ksey et al.

WHY GAYBORHOODS MATTER: THE STREET EMPIRICS OF URBAN SEXUALI

Scholars ask why gayborhoods first formed (Castells and Murphy 1982; Knopp 1997; Lewis 2013), how they have changed over time (Kanai and Kenttamaa-Squir 2015; Rhbrook 2002; Stryker and Van Bkirk 1996), their cultural signifince for queer people (Doan and Higgs 2011; Greene 2014; Orne 2017), why they appeal to heterosexuals (Brodyn and Ghaziani 2018; Ghaziani 2019d), and their diverse spatial exprsns ( Brown-Saraco 2018; Ghaziani 2019a; Whtemore and Smart 2016). Some rearchers show that people e technology creatively to image new spac away om the gayborhood (Wu and Ward 2017), while others argue that apps reproduce equali (Conner 2018) than origs, anizatns, and technology, rearchers who work a fourth stream of gayborhood studi document mographic chang (Moral 2018; Sprg 2013) and nsir their effects on muny-buildg and placemakg efforts ( Brown-Saraco 2011; Casey 2004; Ghaziani and Stillwagon 2018; Rennger 2019). Co-sponsored 2019 by the Chigo Black Social Culture Map, the Morn Dance Mic Archivg Foundatn, and the Center on Halsted, the event clud muny archivg on se, oral histori, and panel discsns that celebrated nightlife’s queer roots, reflected on the signifince of public events like Black Pri, and explored the importance of inic spots and “anchor stutns” (Ghaziani 2014a: 383) the gayborhood.

Wrg for the Washgton Post, Pla Span remarked on group’s name, logo, and activi:They uld have lled themselv somethg more prosaic, neighborhood anti-crime patrols beg nothg new, after all…But gay activism, New York-style, requir a certa ironic panache…The Pk Panthers tle, wh s echo both of ‘60s policizatn and silver-screen mp, won swift approval.

THE LIFECYCLE OF THE GAY VILLAGE

’ A welg vibe is what anizers hope to spire when visors see new street signage that will signate a portn of the Center Cy District as the cy’s official gay, lbian, bisexual and transgenr-sensive neighborhood…the new street signs will feature the tradnal GLBT rabow, or ‘Freedom’ flag unrneath the ual street signs…‘The signage is an important symbol for this cy, ’ [said Tami Sortman of the Philalphia Gay Tourism uc].

By acceptg this methodologil directive, we n e the reasons that gayborhood rints provi for why they live the area, like other rints other neighborhoods, to expla the signifince of a ll for prrizg street empirics to unrstand what a neighborhood means—why matters to the people who live there—enabl scholars to thk broadly about the teractnal and attudal mechanisms that produce place characters. New GayborhoodsRisg Existg Gayborhoods & New Hidn Gems to Check Out CANADA - QuebecMontreal - "The New NYC a la Franis wh LatX on Top"Montreal - For savy LGBTQ muny members, super LGBTQ-iendly Montreal has always been on many of their personal travel to spot, or plac to retire , but creasgly is beg the cy of choice for LGBTQ immigrants worldwi and makg this already ol place - even more trendy.

NEW GAYBORHOODS RISG EXISTG GAYBORHOODS & NEW HIDN GEMS TO CHECK OUT  CANADA - QUEBECMONTREAL - "THE NEW NYC A LA FRANIS WH LATX ON TOP" MONTREAL - FOR SAVY LGBTQ MUNY MEMBERS, SUPER LGBTQ-IENDLY MONTREAL HAS ALWAYS BEEN ON MANY OF THEIR PERSONAL TRAVEL TO SPOT,OR PLAC TO RETIRE , BUT CREASGLY IS BEG THE CY OF CHOICE FOR LGBTQ IMMIGRANTS WORLDWI AND MAKG THIS ALREADY OL PLACE - EVEN MORE TRENDY.  LOL LATX LGBTQ OM ALL OVER LAT AMERI & USA IS BOOMG NUMBERS. NEW NSTCTN IS EVERYWHERE, AND SOME BELIEVE WILL LEAD TO AN OVER NSTCTN PERD THE NEXT UPLE OF YEARS WHERE YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO FD MORE AFFORDABL TOP OF THE LE APARTMENTS THROUGHOUT THE CY. THE CY ALSO OFFERS RENTERS ONE OF CANADA'S BT RENT NTROL PROTECTN. MONTREAL'S GAY VILLAGE IS WELL KNOWN AND LOVED BY MANY, BUT GROWG MONTREAL'S LGBTQ MUNY IS VISIBLE EVERY NEIGHBORHOOD. IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN THERE YET, TREAT YOURSELF TO MONTREAL.          CANADA - QUEBEC - MONTREALVAL-DAVID - "AN ARTS & SPORTS MOUNTA OASIS" "ABOUT 50 KILOMETERS NORTH OF MONTREAL, AND ABOUT 18 KILOMETERS SOUTH OM THE WORLD RENOUN SKI RORT OF MONT-TREMBLANT, YOU WILL FD THE SMALL VILLAGE OF VAL-DAVID. A LONG TIME ARTIST AND SPORTS LONY THAT IS CREASGLY ATTRACTG US AND CANADIAN LGBTQ UPL AND FAI LOOKG FOR UNTRY MOUNTA SEND HOM OR MONTREAL MUTABLE OPTNS - NOT ONLY FOR S CENTRAL AND BETIFUL LOTN THE LRENTIAN MOUNTAS, BUT ALSO FOR S HISTORIC "ANTI-VELOPMENT" BOHEMIAN ATTU, RINT ARTISTS POPULATN, LOL SKI RORTS, REGNAL PARKS WH A DIVERSE OFFERG OF HIKG/SNOWSHOEG/CROSSUNTRY BIKG TRAILS, S LAK AND ABOVE ALL S ATTEMPT AT PRERVG A SIMPLE WAY OF LIFE AMONG NATURE"          USA - WT SEATTLE, WA -ALKI BEACH PARK -"THE WAY VENICE BEACH USED TO BE"  - WHILE NOT CHEAP TO PURCHASE , THIS IS STILL AN AFFORDABLE RENTAL AREA (PARED WH MANY OF THE OTHER METRO AREAS) AND REMDS MANY OF THE WAY VENICE BEACH, CA ED TO BE BEFORE ALL THE RECENT VELOPMENT AND ASTRONOMIL PRICE CREAS. THE DIVERSY OF PEOPLE; ALONG WH THE BEACHONT WALKG/BIKG TRAIL, S HISTORY, S LOL HIKG TRAILS, AND S EASY ACCS/PROXIMY TO SEATTLE DOWNTOWN MAKE THIS A GAYBORHOOD WORTH CHECKG"            USA - HARTFORD, CTPARKVILLE, WT END & GLASTONBURY GLASTONBURY SETTLED 1633, AND NOW ON THE EYE OF NYC & BOSTON LGBTQ UPL AND FAI FOR AFFORDABLE SEND OR UNTRY HOM AND/OR RETIREMENT A TOWN WH CLOSE PROXIMY TO CY CENTERS, WHOLE FOODS, AND OTHER SERVIC. THE LGBTQ MUNY STARTED CREASG HERE A FEW YEARS AGO, BUT IS NOW GAG MOMENTUM/VOLUME AS THIS MUNY IS  STILL AFFORDABLE,HAS GREAT SCHOOLS, CREASG NUMBER OF RTRANT OFFERGS, AND STILL MATAS A SMALL NNECTICUT VILLAGE FEEL. FROM WIKIPEDIA: "THE TOWN BEGS ON THE BANKS OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER AND EXTENDS UP TO FOOTHILLS, MANY OF WHICH PROVI A VIEW OF HARTFORD'S SKYLE. SOME MAJOR VELOPMENTS THE TOWN ARE BUILT ENTIRELY ON RELATIVELY STEEP HILLS, SUCH AS "MNECHG MOUNTA", THE MAJOR RINTIAL AREA VELOPED OM THE 1970S UNTIL LATE '90S."            USA - ORLANDO, FLUNIVERSAL - MILLENIA  FLORIDA - ORLANDO'S DOWNTOWN AND SEVERAL OTHER NEIGHBORHOODS ARE LONG TABLISHED GAYBORHOODS, BUT THE AREA OFF THE CONROY EX & INTERSTATE- 4 BETWEEN UNIVERSAL STUDS AND MILLENIA MALL (ORLANDO'S HIGH END MALL) ASI OM BEG VERY CENTRALLY LOTED, STILL OFFERS AFFORDABLE NDOS AND RENTALS THAT HAVE BEEN ATRACTG LGBTQ MUNY MEMBERS OF ALL AG OM US, PUERTO RI, BRAZIL, VENEZUELA, AND THE YOUNG CUBAN AMERINS FLEEG CROWD AND EXPENSIVE SOUTH BEACH.           US - BALTIMORE INNER HARBOR, MARYLANDOTTERBESMALL, EXCLIVE, TABLISHED, AND THE BT CENTRAL LOTN TO ENJOY THE BT OF BALTIMORE'S INNER HARBOR AND WH DIRECT TRA NNECTNS TO WASHGTON DC - UNN STATN AND BWI AIRPORT. THE NUM ER OF RABOW FLAGS AROUND THE TOWNHO, AND NDOS THE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE BALTIMORE'S RENAISSANCE STARTED A FEW YEARS BACK HAVE BEEN MULTIPLYG AT A VERY FAST RATE, BUT STILL PROVIS AFFORDABLE HOME OPTNS.  ON           TOP PLAC FOR LGBTQ FOLKS TO LIVE—AND IT'S NOT JT NEW YORK AND SAN FRANCIS  "TO E UP WH OUR RANKG,* LOOKED AT CI WH AT LEAST 50,000 HOEHOLDS, OF WHICH AT LEAST 0.5% WERE HEAD BY SAME-SEX PARTNERS, ACRDG TO U.S. CENS .  WE LOOKED AT EACH CY'S SRE ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN MUNICIPAL EQUALY INX, WHICH MEASUR HOW CLIVE S LAWS AND SERVIC ARE FOR THE GAY MUNY. WE FACTORED NUMBERS OF GAY BARS AND MEETUP GROUPS PER 10,000 HOEHOLDS, AND MA SURE THAT EACH PLACE ON OUR LIST HAS AN ANNUAL PRI PARA OR FTIVAL. SO WHY DIDN'T WORLD-FAMO GAY MECS SUCH AS NEW YORK CY, LOS ANGEL, OR MIAMI MAKE OUR LIST? ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE HIGH NUMBERS OF SAME-SEX UPL, THEY REPRENTED A SMALLER PERCENTAGE OF THOSE HUGE CI' OVERALL POPULATNS. SO WHAT ARE THE MOST FABULOLY GAY-IENDLY PLAC TO LIVE? 1. SAN FRANCIS, CA 2. ATLANTA, GA 3. ST. PETERSBURG, FL 4. DENVER, CO 5. SEATTLE, WA 6. PORTLAND, OR 7. MNEAPOLIS, MN 8. ST. LOUIS, MO 9. PROVINCE, RI 10. AT, TX THE FUTURE GAYBORHOODS AREN'T AD. IN FACT, THERE ARE MORE OF THEM THAN YOU THK. REARCH: ARTICLE:  "THERE GO THE GAYBORHOOD," THE NEW YORK TIM PROCLAIMED ONE 2017 HEADLE. BUT AM GHAZIANI, ASSISTANT PROFSOR OF SOCLOGY AT THE UNIVERSY OF BRISH COLUMBIA, ISN'T EXACTLY GRIEVG.  IN HIS RECENTLY PUBLISHED PIECE, "CULTURAL ARCHIPELAGOS: NEW DIRECTNS THE STUDY OF SEXUALY AND SPACE," GHAZIANI ANALYZ NEW REARCH TO MAKE A BOLD HYPOTHIS: THE GAYBORHOOD HASN'T DIED, AND ISN'T BEG DILUTED OUT OF EXISTENCE. INSTEAD,  "GAYBORHOODS ARE MULTIPLYG AND DIVERSIFYG."  GAYBORHOODS, GHAZIANI ARGU, AREN'T SGULAR S BUT HAVE STEAD BEE CULTURAL ARCHIPELAGOS: A SERI OF QUEER ISLANDS, NNECTED BY SEXUALY AND GENR. AND CI WILL OFTEN HAVE MORE THAN ONE OF THEM.   IS THERE A FUTURE FOR GAY VILLAG?  "CI HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HAVENS FOR DIFFERENCE WHERE, BEE OF THE SHEER NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVG THERE, YOU N MAKE A PLACE WH OTHERS WH WHOM YOU SHARE SOMETHG MON.  GAY VILLAG FORMED ORR TO PROVI PEOPLE WH A PLACE OF MUTUAL SUPPORT, PROTECTN AND SOCIALISATN, BUT NOW FACE A NUMBER OF THREATS TO THEIR NTUED EXISTENCE. LGBT HISTORY MONTH GIV AN OPPORTUNY TO REFLECT ON HOW GAY VILLAG HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME AND TO LOOK AT SOME OF THE CHALLENG THAT FACE THEM TODAY. PRR TO THE CRIMALISATN OF HOMOSEXUALY THE UK 1967, ISOLATED BARS AND PRIVATE CLUBS VELOPED REPUTATNS FOR TOLERATG NON-HETEROSEXUAL MUNI.  THE CLANSTE GAY VENU DID NOT ALWAYS HAVE AN EXCLIVELY HOMOSEXUAL CLIENTELE, BUT UALLY OPERATED ON A SMALL SLE AND WERE GENERALLY SQUEEZED TO SOMEWHAT UNFASHNABLE OR DOWN-AT-HEEL PARTS OF TOWN.   FOLLOWG CRIMALISATN, BY THE LATE 1970S A MORE DISTCTIVE SCENE HAD BEGUN TO EMERGE WH DITED BARS, CLUBS AND SUPPORT SERVIC CLTERG N-DOWN PARTS OF LARGER CI THAT MASTREAM PROPERTY VELOPERS WERE PAYG LTLE ATTENTN TO.  THE AREAS GAED PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE AS SOURC OF RMATN EXCHANGE, HEALTH SERVIC AND SUPPORT AS AIDS CIMATED GAY MUNI DURG THE 1980S. THE SEMI-FORMAL CLTERS OF LGBT-IENDLY BARS AND SERVIC THE 1980S VELOPED TO MORE FULLY-FLEDGED AND FORMALISED VILLAG THROUGH THE 1990S, PARTICULARLY AS CI SAW THE POTENTIAL FOR VELOPG THEIR NIGHT TIME ENOMI.  THE VENU AND BARS OF MANCHTER’S CANAL STREET, FOR EXAMPLE, PIGGYBACKED ON THE MADCHTER CLUB SCENE OF THE TIME, CREATG A VIBRANT NIGHT TIME ENOMY A PREVLY N-DOWN PART OF THE CY.  MANCHTER CY COUNCIL THEN SOUGHT TO PALISE ON THIS ACTIVY, HEAVILY PROMOTG CANAL STREET AS PART OF S TERNATNAL MARKETG TO TOURISTS.   MUCH OF THE SOCIAL AND HEALTH SUPPORT SERVIC THAT WERE PROVID BY GAY VILLAG N TODAY BE ACCSED ONLE, RCG THE NEED FOR A DITED SPACE TO EXCHANGE THIS RMATN.  LIKEWISE, THE RISE OF SMARTPHONE APPS HAS RCED THE NEED TO GO TO A SPECIFIC VENUE ORR TO MEET OTHER LGBT PEOPLE.  GREATER TOLERANCE FOR HOMOSEXUALY SOCIETY HAS AT LARGE RCED – ALTHOUGH NOT REMOVED – THE NEED FOR GAY VILLAG TO SERVE AS SAFE SPAC WHICH TO BE OPENLY GAY.   AS THEY VELOPED, GAY VILLAG RELIED UPON A BATN OF LOW RENTS AND AN ENOMY BASED AROUND DRKG CULTUR TO STA THEIR VIBRANCY.  AS BRA’S CY CENTR HAVE BEEN REGENERATED SCE THE LATE 1990S, PROPERTY VALU THE AREAS HAVE CREASED, BRGG THE CHALLENGE OF GENTRIFITN, WHEREBY MORE MARGAL ERS OF URBAN SPAC ARE PHED OUT FAVOUR OF THOSE WHO N GENERATE HIGHER REVENU.  IF OWNERS FEEL THAT THEY N MAKE MORE MONEY BY NVERTG A SE TO APARTMENTS, THEY HAVE LTLE CENTIVE TO KEEP RENTG OUT SPACE TO A BAR.  AT THE SAME TIME, PEOPLE’S DRKG HABS ARE CHANGG, WH A 17% FALL THE NUMBER OF PUBS BETWEEN 2006 AND 2013.   THE CHANG WIR SOCIETY SQUEEZE THE FANCIAL MOL UNRPNG GAY VILLAG THEIR CURRENT FORM.  BUT GAY VILLAG STILL HAVE A CCIAL ROLE TO PLAY.  HOMOPHOBIA HAS NOT GONE AWAY AND CREATG SAFE SPAC IS STILL IMPORTANT.  THERE ARE ALSO PARTICULAR CHALLENG SOME NON-WHE MUNI, WHICH N BE LS TOLERANT OF HOMOSEXUALY.  THE FACT THAT GAY VILLAG ARE SO STRONGLY NNECTED TO DRKG AND PARTYG CULTUR N BE EXCLNARY BOTH TO PARTICULAR ETHNIC MUNI AND ALSO TO OLR PEOPLE.  LIKEWISE, THE VIRTUAL WORLDS OF DATG APPS HAVE TEND TO BE TARGETED AT GAY MEN, WH LBIANS MUCH LS WELL SERVED BY THE PLATFORMS.   THE CHALLENGE IS TO FD NEW FORMS FOR GAY VILLAG A CHANGG SOCIETY TO BETTER SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE LGBT MUNY TODAY. THE CHALLENGE IS TO FD NEW FORMS FOR GAY VILLAG A CHANGG SOCIETY TO BETTER SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE LGBT MUNY TODAY.     EXAMG THE PAST, PRENT, AND FUTURE OF CHIGO'S FIRST GAY NEIGHBORHOOD  THOUGH BOYSTOWN HAS BEE A SIGNIFINT VISUAL SYMBOL OF LGBT+ INTY CHIGO, ’S ACTUALLY CREASGLY LS HABED SOLELY BY LGBT+ RINTS. THE REASONS BEHD THIS CLE RINCY ARE MIXED. ON A POSIVE NOTE, VASTLY IMPROVED LEGAL PROTECTNS FOR AND CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE LGBT+ MUNY MEANS THAT MANY LGBT+ DIVIDUALS ARE FORTABLE RIDG AREAS THAT AREN’T SPECIFILLY KNOWN AS LGBT+ MUNI. “…THE CENS NOW FDS SAME-SEX ROMANTIC UPL LIVG TOGETHER 93 PERCENT OF AMERI'S UNTI,” MATTHEW YGLIAS OF VOX WROTE WHEN OUTLG THIS TREND. “THE GAY POPULATN IS BEG LS NCENTRATED AS S LEGAL, POLIL, AND SOCIAL REALY IS CREASGLY ACCEPTED.”IN THE REAL TATE REALM, CLIVE STATE AND CY HOG POLICI, UPLED WH THE EQUALY-FOCED PRACTIC OF REAL TATE AGENTS, HAVE HELPED NTRIBUTE TO THIS TREND, SPE THE FACT THAT THERE IS ACTUALLY NO FERAL LAW PLACE PROTECTG LGBT+ DIVIDUALS OM HOG DISCRIMATN (THE FAIR HOG ACT DON’T INTIFY LGBT+ DIVIDUALS AS A PROTECTED CLASS).... OVERALL, THE HISTORY OF CHIGO’S BOYSTOWN IS BOTH RICH AND NUANCED AND , LIKE MANY GAY NEIGHBORHOODS ACROSS THE UNTRY, WILL ALWAYS BE A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE LEGACY OF S CY. WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS FOR BOYSTOWN WILL PEND ON MANY POLIL, SOCENOMIC, AND CULTURAL FACTORS THAT WILL SHAPE THE EVOLUTN AND INTY OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD, WAYS BOTH EXPECTED AND UNFOREEN."    "GREETGS FROM THE GAYBORHOOD — AND BEYOND"  WE MT UNRERVEDLY REGNIZE THE GAYBORHOOD. THEY ALLOW QUEER PEOPLE TO FD EACH OTHER FOR IENDSHIP, FELLOWSHIP, SEX AND LOVE. GAYBORHOODS CUBATE UNIQUE CULTUR, POLIL PERSPECTIV, ANIZATNS, RUALS, AND STYL OF SOCIALIZATN. AT THE END OF A LONG DAY, THEY PROMISE A SENSE OF SAFETY OM DISCRIMATN AND AN OPPORTUNY TO CENTER AND CELEBRATE QUEERNS. THE MORE WE LOOK, THE MORE WE SEE THAT GAYBORHOODS HAVE A HAND EVERY ASPECT OF MORN LIFE: OM STRATEGI, LIKE RABOW CROSSWALKS, THAT CY OFFICIALS E TO MEMORATE THEIR LOL DISTRICT TO THE SHAPG OF REAL TATE VALU; OM THE STUTNAL VELOPMENT OF QUEER MUNI TO THEIR CIVIC ENGAGEMENT; AND OM PRI PARAS TO PROTTS AND ELECTORAL FLUENCE.... EMBRACG THE NOTN OF ARCHIPELAGOS DO NOT REQUIRE TO SUPPRS OR SUBORDATE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GAYBORHOOD BUT RATHER TO SEE AS ONE PART OF A DYNAMIC CHA OF LGBTQ ISLANDS OF CULTURAL SIGNIFINCE, ALL OF WHICH NTRIBUTE TO THE VALY OF OUR CI. "     WHY DO SOME LGBTI PEOPLE GIVE UP LIVG GAY HOTSPOTS AND CI TO MOVE TO SMALL TOWNS?  "EVERYBODY HAD EMED ME A VETERAN, TE-BLUE NEW YORKER (I’M ORIGALLY OM THE SUBURBS OF BOSTON) AND PREDICTED THAT I WOULD LAST A FEW MONTHS A RAL AREA. WE JT MARKED 17 YEARS ULSTER COUNTY (NY). EVEN THOUGH WE WERE LIVG THE IENDLY, ZY, FUNKY WT VILLAGE, WHERE ’S A SMALL TOWN WH THE METROPOLIS, FANCY UPSLE STOR AND TALL BUILDGS WERE BEGNG TO IMPGE UPON THAT SMALL-TOWN VIBE. THAT SULT, UPLED WH SOARG PRIC AND A SHARP DROP QUALY OF LIFE, FUELED OUR CISN TO LEAVE. HAPPILY, MY HBAND BROOK AGREED WH ME TO MOVE" GAYBORHOODS VALUE

A long time artist and sports lony that is creasgly attractg US and Canadian LGBTQ upl and fai lookg for untry mounta send hom or Montreal mutable optns - not only for s central and betiful lotn the Lrentian Mountas, but also for s historic "anti-velopment" bohemian attu, rint artists populatn, lol ski rorts, regnal parks wh a diverse offerg of hikg/snowshoeg/crossuntry bikg trails, s lak and above all s attempt at prervg a simple way of life among nature"USA - Wt Seattle, WA -Alki Beach Park -"The Way Venice Beach Used to Be"- - While not cheap to purchase , this is still an affordable rental area (pared wh many of the other metro areas) and remds many of the way Venice Beach, CA ed to be before all the recent velopment and astronomil price diversy of people; along wh the beachont walkg/bikg trail, s history, s lol hikg trails, and s easy accs/proximy to seattle downtown make this a gayborhood worth checkg"USA - Hartford, CTParkville, Wt End & Glastonbury GlastonburySettled 1633, and now on the eye of NYC & Boston LGBTQ upl and fai for affordable send or untry hom and/or retirement a town wh close proximy to cy centers, whole foods, and other servic.

"USA - Orlando, FlUniversal - Millenia Florida - Orlando's Downtown and several other neighborhoods are long tablished Gayborhoods, but the area off the Conroy ex & Interstate- 4 between Universal Studs and Millenia Mall (Orlando's High End Mall) asi om beg very centrally loted, still offers affordable ndos and rentals that have been atractg LGBTQ muny members of all ag om US, Puerto Ri, Brazil, Venezuela, and the young cuban amerins fleeg crowd and expensive south - Baltimore Inner Harbor, MarylandOtterbeSmall, exclive, tablished, and the bt central lotn to enjoy the bt of Baltimore's Inner Harbor and wh direct tra nnectns to Washgton DC - Unn Statn and BWI Airport.

The areas gaed particular importance as sourc of rmatn exchange, health servic and support as AIDS cimated gay muni durg the semi-formal clters of LGBT-iendly bars and servic the 1980s veloped to more fully-fledged and formalised villag through the 1990s, particularly as ci saw the potential for velopg their night time enomi. The more we look, the more we see that gayborhoods have a hand every aspect of morn life: om strategi, like rabow crosswalks, that cy officials e to memorate their lol district to the shapg of real tate valu; om the stutnal velopment of queer muni to their civic engagement; and om pri paras to protts and electoral fluence....

GAYBORHOODS QUEER POLICS

Happily, my hband Brook agreed wh me to move"Gayborhoods ValueGayborhood Home Premiums Top 200% Some MarketsGayborhoods — cultural enclav that have long provid safety, muny and belongg for LGBTQ+ people — are so -mand that, dozens of markets across the untry, you’d pay a hefty premium to live ’re talkg big money; some s, hundreds of thoands of dollars... "9 Gayborhoods Wh Median Home Valu Unr $300, 000 Anton, TXSouth Arena District/Southeast Denver HeightsMilwkee, WIHoney Creek ManorLas Vegas, NVEast ParadiseCleveland, OHRiversiVirgia Beach MetroNorthfolk, VALafayette-WonaTampa-St Petersburg Metro, FLSoutheast GulfportSt Louis, MOShaw-South GrandKansas Cy, MOLongfellowChigo, ILEdgewater to LakeviewLGBT REAL ESTATE REPORT 2019-20 A view of LGBT Homeownership Trends and Enomic ImpactLife events, pecially marriage, are tradnal drivers of homeownership.

"Florida's most famo gayborhood vts hom for gay senrs are preparg to break ground on Florida’s first affordable hog project for elrly LGBT+ rints, one of several specialist hom emergg natnwi, om Los Angel to Chigo, wh the backg of gay muny notn that the LGBT+ populatn the Uned Stat is wealthy and n afford to retire to beachont ndos or facili wh farm-to-table cuise is a myth, experts populatn of the Uned Stat is ageg. By 2035, the untry will have more senrs aged 65 and over - 78 ln - than mors unr the age of 18, acrdg to the Cens predicts the number of LGBT+ adults over the age of 50 will more than double to 7 ln by 2030 om 3 ln LASC and Its Owners Helped Create Wt Hollywood’s ‘Gayborhood’Long before there was a Shake Shack or PUMP, before the Abbey or the very first Whe Party, before Sprouts, Whole Foods, Gelson’s or Pavilns, before the Red, Green and Blue buildgs, there was the Los Angel Sportg ClubThere were also a few people who owned a majory of the real tate the gayborhood. Some ntend that if chang at both the polil and social levels of the muny are ma, the problem of accsibily n be tackled; there are some others who doubt the practily of the this piece, I will aim to do two thgs- one, nvce you that the benefs (to the queer muny) of the gayborhoods outweigh the problems poted out by opponents of this form of spatial ncentratn; two, suggt thgs that the rints of such neighbourhoods n do to tackle the problem of accsibily and make the villag more accsible to lower-e groups and those margalised wh the queer muny.

REVERG THE GAY VILLAGE: A COMPARATIVE HISTORIL GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN CHANGE AND PLANNG TORONTO AND SYDNEY

In dog so, we ntribute to the ongog bat about the nature, characteristics, and implitns of the shiftg fortun of some tradnal gay villag the Global beg by discsg geographil scholarship on the emergence of gay villag the Global North wh an emphasis on ntemporary lerature tailg the perceived “cle” of some longstandg gay villag, cludg those Toronto and Sydney. Throughout, the acronym LGBT (lbian, gay, bisexual, trans) refers to inti grouped together to reflect llective terts and muny as genred and sexual mori, while queer not a ntemporary moment when some dividuals reject a genred and sexual specificy but still posn themselv wh non-normative genr and sexual unrstandgs—a posng reflected recent urban chang.

This rearch highlights the domant role that gay men (maly whe and middle-class) played the velopment and growth of gay villag, ially through their appropriatn of plac for safety and support to their e of the neighborhoods for polil, social, and enomic secury and activism (Castells 1983; Chncey 1994; Doan and Higgs 2011; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Knopp 1990; Lewis 2012; Nash 2006). The HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s helped cement villag as hubs of LGBT life, and plac such as Toronto and Sydney they provid re servic cludg hospice re, outreach, health tn, and unselg servic (Ksman 1996; Warner 2002; Willett 2000a; Wotherspoon 1991) the 1980s, gay villag were creasgly ught up broar urban social and enomic procs that saw them rporated, through the neoliberal policy iativ of the entreprenrial cy, to creasgly modified and nsumable urban landsp (Bell and Bnie 2002; Bnie 2000; Bnie and Skeggs 2004; Visser 2008).

This amg of a “homonormative polic” has prompted some to argue that we nnot unrstand this to be a universal or monolhic rult and that we need to attend to the “difference, unevenns and geographil specificy” of genred and sexual relatns the gay village and beyond (Brown 2009: 1498) recent scholarship suggts, ntemporary gay villag, cludg those Toronto and Sydney, are experiencg forms of “gayg” wh broar polil, social, and enomic procs at work many Global North ci (Colls 2004; Rutg 2008; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Nash 2013a; Visser 2013).

GAY MOSW MOSW CY GUI

” While many argue this new visibily is only available to certa normatively genred and sexualized gays and lbians, others suggt the spatial chang reflect greater acceptance of sexual and genred difference, as well as a growg social hn across a wi variety of neighborhoods (Ghaziani 2021; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Nash 2013a; Visser 2013). Neverthels, as scholars argue, while some gays and lbians are able to fully tegrate to the mastream, others ntue to be margalized as “queer, ” that is, as those livg outsi of the homonormative liftyl supported by legislative and social change (Bnie 2004; Ghaziani 2011; see also Duggan 2003; Richardson 2005) lerature also suggts that gay villag are cle bee of creased ter and social media e (Mil 2021), allowg LGBT and queer dividuals to fd other like-md dividuals whout the need for exprsly LGBT and queer spac such as gay villag (Mil 2021; Mowlaboc 2010; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2019a; Usher and Morrison 2010). The lotns are arguably of ltle tert to newer generatns, who are able to experience a wir variety of lotns, inti, and subjectivi, and who are ls terted, perhaps, subscribg to sentialized gay and lbian inti associated wh gay Toronto and Sydney clu well-tablished gay villag, which over the last thirty years have been fully tegrated to the fabric of each cy’s downtown re.

LAS VEGAS GAY-FRIENDLY HOTELS AND RORTS GUI

While is beyond the spe of this chapter to lay out tail the siari between Toronto’s and Sydney’s gay village velopment, we would argue that our own work documents the notably siar polil, enomic, and social histori of the ongog velopment of gay villag Toronto and Sydney (Gorman-Murray and Nash 2014, 2017; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2014; Nash 2006, 2013a). LGBT and queer polil and social activism wh discrete natnal ntexts has been markedly siar but wh varyg and distctive differenc (Tremblay, Paternotte and Johnson 2011) the followg sectns, we nsir their rpective historil geographi through three specific them—post World War II planng polici, the emergence of “cy of neighborhoods” disurs, and the posng of gay villag wh neoliberal procs of modifitn and nsumerism.

In keepg wh the histori of other North Amerin LGBT neighborhoods, Toronto’s post-war homosexual populatn cltered and around the ls sirable areas, able to live relatively open liv among other margalized groups the Bloor and Church Street district (Egan 1998) the post-World War II perd, Cy of Toronto planng polici were directed largely toward the ner suburbs surroundg the cy of Toronto. Cy thori unrstood the importance of “place-makg” creatg a posive cy image, makg them mags for employment, dtry, and the early 2000s, Toronto’s gay village (as wh other gay villag North Ameri, Europe and Atralia) was fully rporated to the fabric of the post-dtrial entreprenrial cy that knted together modified, nsumer-based neighborhoods wh downtown urban liftyl (Bnie and Skeggs 2004; Nash 2013a, b).

In a manner siar to other lotns the Global North, the gay village’s rporatn to modified urban landsp is a reflectn part of the aspiratns of some gay men and lbians for cln a neoliberal polics that rults the privilegg of some gay men and lbians who sire to live wh middle class, genr-normative, monogamo upledom—a form of homonormalizatn (Duggan 2003).

GAY MOSW · CY GUI

In ntrast wh “faial” suburbia, nighttime ner-cy Sydney was imaged as a se of vice and immoraly, bt seen the clubs, prostutn, and crime associated wh the red-light district the ner east suburb of Kg’s Cross (Johnson 2000; Dunn 2011) was such limal ner-cy spac that Sydney’s gay and lbian subcultur emerged, which historians suggt were more ncentrated and visible than other Atralian ci (Wotherspoon 1991). Durg the s, gay prs offic proliferated; gay rights groups reloted to the neighborhood; health servic aimed at gay clientele moved (GPs, ntists, unselors, and HIV/AIDS servic); and servic for gay youth (Twenty10) or relig gays (Metropolan Communy Church) were tablished (Rutg 2008) Street’s velopment has entailed succs and failur.

Parallel wh such chang NSW parliament, a geographil hub for LGBT muny anizatns and learship (and mercial and sex venu, and rints) allowed for a ordated, jot rponse om the state and the gay muny to HIV/AIDS the early 1980s, generatg one of the most effective rpons globally, targetg safer sex msag at the gay muny, keepg fectn rat relatively low (c. The lol ernment (Cy of Sydney Council) and reprentativ for the NSW electorate have nsistently champned LGBT neighborhood has been an enomic succs too, highlighted by the Sydney Gay and Lbian Mardi Gras Ftival, a month-long LGBT ftival rporatg a famo para along Oxford Street, dance parti, a film ftival, and cultural and sportg events. 6(Source Image by Andrew Gorman-Murray)Kg Street, Newtown, Sydney, 2020, wh The Bank Hotel flyg LGBT flags (right hand si of the street)Full size imageWhile Oxford Street is typilly unrstood as a gay male space, Newtown and the ner wt are seen to provi a home for a broar sexual and genr mographic, cludg lbians, queer women, and trans people.