Mental Health Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgenr (LGBT) Youth - PMC

Contents:

• HIGHER RISK OF PTSD FOR GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL, ‘MOSTLY HETEROSEXUAL’ YOUTH
• TREATMENT OF GAY MEN FOR POST-TRMATIC STRS DISORR RULTG OM SOCIAL OSTRACISM AND RIDICULE: GNIVE BEHAVR THERAPY AND EYE MOVEMENT SENSIZATN AND REPROCSG APPROACH
• “GAY IS GOOD”: HISTORY OF HOMOSEXUALY THE DSM AND MORN PSYCHIATRY
• MENTAL HEALTH LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR (LGBT) YOUTH
• GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL AND ‘MOSTLY HETEROSEXUAL’ YOUNG ADULTS HAVE HIGHER RISK OF PTSD THAN HETEROSEXUALS

HIGHER RISK OF PTSD FOR GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL, ‘MOSTLY HETEROSEXUAL’ YOUTH

Higher prevalence of posttrmatic strs disorr (PTSD), a bilatg mental illns that n have life-long negative nsequenc, has been found young adult gay men, lbians, bisexuals, and “mostly heterosexuals” pared wh pletely heterosexuals at nsirably younger ag than prevly intified, acrdg to a new study by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and Boston Children’s Hospal rearchers. Gay men, lbians, bisexuals, “mostly heterosexuals, ” and heterosexuals who have ever had a same-sex sex partner were found to be one-and-a-half to two tim as likely to experience vlent events, pecially childhood, than the general populatn and have double the risk of experiencg PTSD as a nsequence. 1, 7, 8AbstractPurpose of reviewTrma exposure is wispread but is pecially mon among lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and queer (LGBTQ) dividuals.

Epimlogil data suggts that dividuals who intify as lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, or queer (LGBTQ) experience trma, cludg vlence and victimizatn, at higher rat than the general populatn [4–7]. Internalized Homophobia Sle9Measure of distrs experienced by gay and bisexual men relatn to their sexual inti over the past GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. A se scriptn of applitn of CPT followg an anti-gay physil asslt monstrat the e of CPT to addrs PTSD symptoms addn to ternalized homophobia [55].

In the ial walist-ntrolled pilot trial of ESTEEM treatment among 63 gay and bisexual men, rults monstrated improved prsn, alhol e, and sexual risk-takg out for those unrgog the treatment [56]. Rults provid prelimary support for the efficy of an emotn-foced terventn to rce anxiety and prsn among gay and bisexual men [57•] the field stands, most attempts to velop targeted terventns for this populatn have foced on gay and bisexual men, and specifilly on sexual risk-takg and related symptoms of anxiety, prsn, and substance e which are associated wh HIV transmissn. Lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr veterans' experienc of discrimatn health re and their relatn to health out: a pilot study examg the moratg role of provir munitn.

TREATMENT OF GAY MEN FOR POST-TRMATIC STRS DISORR RULTG OM SOCIAL OSTRACISM AND RIDICULE: GNIVE BEHAVR THERAPY AND EYE MOVEMENT SENSIZATN AND REPROCSG APPROACH

LGB-affirmative gnive-behavral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: a randomized ntrolled trial of a transdiagnostic mory strs approach. Feasibily of an emotn regulatn terventn to improve mental health and rce HIV transmissn risk behavrs for HIV-posive gay and bisexual men wh sexual pulsivy. Nearly 40 percent of LGBTQ+ adults had a mental illns the past year, 30 to 40 percent of gay men reportedly have a substance abe problem.

Treatment of gay men for post-trmatic strs disorr rultg om social ostracism and ridicule: gnive behavr therapy and eye movement sensizatn and reprocsg approach.

“GAY IS GOOD”: HISTORY OF HOMOSEXUALY THE DSM AND MORN PSYCHIATRY

This report scrib the clil treatment of a sample of four gay men sufferg om Post-Trmatic Strs Disorr (PTSD) attributed to their repeated experienc wh peer ridicule and ostracism throughout childhood and adolcence, ed by their genr variant appearance and behavr. In the first edn of the Diagnostic and Statistil Manual of Mental Disorrs (DSM), published 1952, homosexualy was classified unr “socpathic personaly disturbance” (1). The last 70 years have brought psychiatry a long way, but is only the most recent versn of the DSM that the last piec of evince of pathologizg homosexualy were removed (2).

Sixty years of work by gay rights activists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and lears the mental health muny have shaped our current views about dividuals om sexual mory muni and the re that they receive. This article exam the progrsn of classifitn of homosexualy var edns of the DSM, factors fluencg this progrsn, and implitns for sexual and other mory 1952, the Amerin Psychiatry Associatn (APA) Commtee on Nomenclature and Statistics veloped the first versn of the DSM, which served as the first manual of mental health foced on clil diagnos and re and provid a glossary and scriptn of psychiatric illns (3). Sexual viatn clud different typ of behavr classified as pathologic, cludg “homosexualy, transvtism, pedophilia, fetishism, and sexual sadism cludg rape, sexual asslt, mutilatn” (1).

MENTAL HEALTH LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR (LGBT) YOUTH

Given the current societal acceptance of homosexualy many untri—and while may be difficult to image today that homosexualy tly fs to “pathologic behavr”— is important to unrstand that cln of homosexualy the DSM served to move same-sex sexual behavr om beg regard as a moral s and to the secular world of medice by regnizg not as a s but stead as a disorr (4). Placed wh the ntext of mental health, this formed the foundatn for future study of homosexualy by clicians and for a morn-day unrstandg of health dispari faced by persons om sexual mory publitn of the DSM-II 1968 saw the cln of homosexualy aga, but this edn, the headg read simply “personaly disorrs” (5). They argued that the psychiatric theori about homosexualy and need for treatment or a cure for their sexualy fueled social stigma around homosexualy.

The protts gaed the attentn of the APA, and at the 1971 meetg, a panel discsn entled “Gay Is Good” ved gay rights activists to speak on the topic of the stigma and discrimatn that they had enuntered bee of their diagnosis. Other fluential members of this panel, such as APA Vice Print Judd Marmor, would argue that “psychiatry is prejudiced” agast homosexual people and that “moral valu” of society ntributed to the cln of homosexualy as a psychiatric ndn.

He argued for removal of homosexualy om the DSM (8) wh prsure om gay rights advot, ternal bate was occurrg as to whether homosexualy met the creria for a psychiatric disorr. Followg this meetg, and likely many more undocumented hours of bate among members of the APA Commtee on Nomenclature and Statistics, the sixth prtg of the DSM-II, 1973, saw a change language om “homosexualy” to “sexual orientatn disturbance” (4). Sexual orientatn disturbance was fed not jt as same-sex attractn but as a nflict ed by this attractn or a sire to change shift foc om homosexualy self beg pathologized to the ternal nflict or sire to change one’s sexualy would set the theme for the followg three edns of the DSM.

GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL AND ‘MOSTLY HETEROSEXUAL’ YOUNG ADULTS HAVE HIGHER RISK OF PTSD THAN HETEROSEXUALS

The DSM-III published 1980 renamed this ndn “ego dystonic homosexualy” and retegorized not as a personaly disorr but as a psychosexual disorr (10). As noted DSM-5, “Cultural norms” have an impact on what is nsired pathologil, and as norms shifted durg the gay rights movement, so did the nceptualizatn of homosexualy.