When to prostate ncer, 'gay men are erased,' patients say

LS OF A MAN? MASCULE HONOR BELIEFS FLUENCE PERCEPTNS OF HYPOTHETIL SONS (AND THEIR FATHERS) G OUT AS GAY

* gay less of a man *

The quot scribe the ia of gay men beg perceived as feme and, therefore, not ftg to the genr norms of masculy and domance that men are expected to uphold wh society (Kilianski, 2003; Lobel, 1994; Parrott et al., 2008). Sce gay men have generally been viewed negatively throughout history (often stereotyped as feme and ls of a man), many straight men thk that beg perceived as gay is one of the biggt threats to their reputatn and masculy (Kilianski, 2003; Major et al., 1981; Parrott et al., 2008). Prev rearch suggts that while more religly fundamental and nservative iologi are associated wh a lack-of-support for gay people (Barn & Meyer, 2012; Lneman, 2004; Luguri et al., 2012; Rosik et al., 2007; Whley, 2009; Worthen et al., 2017), men are substantially ls likely than women to be favor of gay marriage wh a 7% difference support between men and women (Hall & La France, 2013; PRRI, 2020).

The genred differenc support levels are likely attributed to straight men not wantg to support gay men out of fear of beg perceived as gay themselv (Diefendorf & Bridg, 2020; Herek, 1988; Kane, 2006; Kilianski, 2003; Parrott et al., 2008; Sánchez et al., 2009). Expandg on prev rearch, we ran two studi to exame how mascule honor beliefs (a socially based reputatnal dividual difference variable; see Cohen & Nisbett, 1994; Cohen et al., 1996; O'Dea et al., 2017, O’Dea et al., 2018, O’Dea et al., 2019; Scier et al., 2018; Schiffer et al., 2020; Chalman et al., 2021) fluence perceptns of men's sons a hypothetil vigte-scenar g out as gay. Addnally, through another hypothetil vigte-scenar, we examed how third-party observers (participants) would perceive the father's rponse to his son g out as gay the vigte (supportg or rejectg him) and if a third-party observer would perceive the hypothetil father more negatively after learng that his son is gay.

THE WAYS GAY MEN ARE MORE MASCULE THAN THEY REALIZE

'Ls,' wner of the Pulzer Prize, brilliantly — and hilarly — reveals the agily of the whe gay male. * gay less of a man *

Some other men often try to prove their masculy through behavrs such as braggg about sexual enunters wh women, engagg sexual acts wh women, participatg rough sports, and displayg acts of homophobia (Kroeper et al., 2014; Vanllo et al., 2008; Vanllo & Bosson, 2013), men adhere to the iology that one's manhood is prer and, therefore, feel the need to enforce and fend their masculy often hold higher levels of sexual prejudice and anti-gay attus (Falomir-Pichastor & Mugny, 2009; Kroeper et al., 2014). This behavr stems om the stereotyped-belief that gay men are ls mascule and, therefore, ls of a man (Falomir-Pichastor et al., 2019; Falomir-Pichastor & Mugny, 2009).

Therefore, our studi, we examed the rol of both sexual prejudice and mascule honor beliefs predictg perceptns of hypothetil sons (and fathers of sons) who e out as gay, primarily g sexually prejudiced attus as a ntrol variable to see how much mascule honor uniquely predicted attus toward hypothetil sons (and their fathers) men Amerin society have been stereotyped to be feme and not as tough or strong as straight men (Blaza & Watks, 2000; Glick et al., 2007; Lobel, 1994; Major et al., 1981; Parrott, 2009). Due to the negative perceptns many people have toward gay men, many straight men who hold their masculy and strength to a high level of importance often feel the need to distance themselv om, or sult, gay men g anti-gay slurs to fend their own masculy (Bosson et al., 2009; Bosson & Vanllo, 2011; Gul & Uskul, 2020; Hunt et al., 2016; Parrott, 2009; Vanllo & Bosson, 2013).

WHAT DO IT MEAN TO BE A GAY MAN?

Is my hband gay? is an unthkable qutn to many wiv, and some hbands do turn out to be gay. Learn the signs of a gay hband. * gay less of a man *

Ined, if a man do not adhere to tradnal genr norms created by society, people often assume he mt be gay (Diefendorf & Bridg, 2020; Hunt et al., 2016) hegemonic perspective has created a cultural iology that rerc the ia that male tras are nsired preferable society over feme tras (Diefendorf & Bridg, 2020; Kilianski, 2003) wh men often seekg societal domance over, or distance om, women and effemate men (Bucher, 2014; Connell & Mserschmidt, 2005; Diefendorf & Bridg, 2020; Kilianski, 2003; Parrott et al., 2015). Sectn snippetsCurrent studi overviewExpandg on prev rearch, we examed how men higher mascule honor beliefs would perceive their hypothetil son g out as gay (Study 1) and how third-party observers perceive a hypothetil father whose son out as gay (Study 2). Consistent wh prev rearch, weStudy 1In Study 1, we examed how mascule honor beliefs would fluence the support or rejectn a father would have toward his son g out as gay.

IS MY HBAND GAY? SIGNS OF A GAY HBAND

We hypothized that, while men higher mascule honor beliefs would have more negative perceptns of their son g out regardls of their exprsed masculy or femy, the relatnship and teractn between mascule honor andStudy 2In Study 2, we examed how dividual levels of mascule honor beliefs fluence third party observers' perceptns of a father and his son after his son out as gay.

Consistent wh Study 1 and our origal hypoth, we predicted that third-party observers higher mascule honor iologi would have more negative perceptns of the son and father after the son tells the father that he is gay.