Was Mahatma Gandhi Gay? New Book Rais Qutn - WSJ

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WHAT 7 FAMO HISTORIL FIGUR SAID ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY"IF YOU LOOK OVER THE HISTORY OF SOCIETI, YOU WILL FD THAT SOME OF THE MOST HIGHLY TELLIGENT PEOPLE... WERE ALL HOMOSEXUALS."{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}CULTUREBY DAN AVERYMAY 7, 2015/7:11 PMBY DAN AVERYMAY 7, 2015 / 7:11 PM{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"NEWSARTICLE","HEADLE":"WHAT 7 FAMO HISTORIL FIGUR SAID ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY","DATEPUBLISHED":"2015-05-07T23:11:14.000+0000","DATEMODIFIED":"2015-05-07T23:11:14.000+0000","IMAGE":{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT","WIDTH":1920,"HEIGHT":1080},"URL":","THOR":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","NAME":"LOGO TV"},"MAENTYOFPAGE":{"@TYPE":"WEBPAGE","@ID":"},"PUBLISHER":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","@ID":","NAME":"LOGO TV","URL":","LOGO":{"@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT"}},"CREATOR":"DAN AVERY","ARTICLESECTN":"CULTURE"}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}IN RECENT YEARS THE ONCE-TABOO SUBJECT OF HOMOSEXUALY HAS E OUT OF THE CLOSET, FOR BOTH OUR ALLI AND ADVERSARI. BUT EVEN BEFORE THE LGBT RIGHTS MOVEMENT GAED MOMENTUM, HISTORIL FIGUR ADDRSED  THE LOVE THAT DARE NOT SPEAK S {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}SOME OF THOSE PEOPLE ARE THOUGHT OF AS PROGRSIV, BUT WERE A PRODUCT OF THEIR TIM WHEN ME TO SEXUALY. OTHERS ARE PERCEIVED NOW AS REACTNARI BUT WERE SURPRISGLY {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}BELOW, WE LOOK AT SEVEN TRANSFORMATIVE FIGUR OF THE 20TH CENTURY AND THEIR (SURPRISG) VIEWS ON {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}MAHATMA {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THOUGH BELOVED AS A PEACEMAKER AND THE FATHER OF INDIA'S PENNCE, GANDHI WAS UNFORTUNATELY UNSUPPORTIVE OF SAME-SEX {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"I VENTURE TO SUGGT THAT THIS IS A MOST DANGERO DOCTRE TO PREACH ANYWHERE," GANDHI WROTE OF HOMOSEXUALY 1960'S ALL MEN ARE BROTHERS. "IF SOMEHOW OR OTHER GAS THE STAMP OF RPECTABILY, WILL BE THE RAGE AMONGST BOYS AND GIRLS TO SATISFY THEIR URGE AMONG MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SEX."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}IRONILLY THE LEAR OF INDIA'S PENNCE MOVEMENT IS BELIEVED BY SOME TO HAVE BEEN A ROMANTIC SAME-SEX RELATNSHIP HIMSELF—WH GERMAN BODYBUILR AND ARCHECHT HERMANN {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"HOW PLETELY YOU HAVE TAKEN ­POSSSN OF MY BODY," GANDHI WROTE A LETTER TO KALLENBACH. "THIS IS SLAVERY WH A VENGEANCE."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THE TWO MEN PROMISED NOT TO "LOOK LTFULLY UPON ANY WOMAN," AND PLEDGED "MORE LOVE, AND YET MORE LOVE... SUCH LOVE AS THEY HOPE THE WORLD HAS NOT YET SEEN."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}MART LUTHER KG, {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}MLK WAS ANOTHER GREAT CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR WHO WAS STILL AFFECTED BY THE PREJUDIC OF HIS TIM: “THE TYPE OF FEELG THAT YOU HAVE TOWARD BOYS IS PROBABLY NOT AN NATE TENNCY, BUT SOMETHG THAT HAS BEEN CULTURALLY ACQUIRED," KG WROTE TO A YOUNG GAY MAN A 1958 ISSUE OF EBONY. "YOU ARE ALREADY ON THE RIGHT ROAD TOWARD A SOLUTN, SCE YOU HONTLY REGNIZE THE PROBLEM AND HAVE A SIRE TO SOLVE .”{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}STILL, ONE OF KG'S CLOST ADVISORS WAS AN OPENLY GAY MAN, BAYARD RT, WHO ORCHTRATED THE 1963 MARCH ON {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}WSTON {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}DURG A 1954 BET MEMBER, CHURCHILL WAS RMED THAT WHILE CRIME HAD DOUBLED THE UNED KGDOM, ARRTS FOR HOMOSEXUALY HAD MORE THAN QUADPLED. ONE ADVISOR SUGGTED LIMG THE SPE OF SODOMY LAWS, BUT THE PRIME MISTER BALKED—MOSTLY ON POLIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"THE TORY PARTY WON'T ACCEPT RPONSIBILY FOR MAKG THE LAW ON HOMOSEXUALY MORE LENIENT," HE SISTED. "BUT ULD WE NOT LIM PUBLICY FOR HOMOSEXUALY, AS WAS DONE FOR DIVORCE?"{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}CHURCHILL ALSO SUGGTED PEOPLE NVICTED SHOULD HAVE THE OPPORTUNY TO STEAD APPLY FOR "MEDIL TREATMENT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"OTHERWISE, I WOULD'T TOUCH THE SUBJECT," HE SISTED. "LET GET WORSE— HOP OF A MORE UNED PUBLIC PRSURE FOR SOME {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}BRA'S LAW AGAST NSENSUAL HOMOSEXUAL ACTS WOULDN'T BE REPEALED UNTIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}SIGMUND {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"HOMOSEXUALY IS ASSUREDLY NO ADVANTAGE, BUT IS NOTHG TO BE ASHAMED OF. NO VICE, NO GRADATN. NNOT BE CLASSIFIED AS AN ILLNS," THE LEGENDARY PSYCHIATRIST WROTE TO A DISTRGHT MOTHER SEEKG TO CURE HER GAY SON {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THOUGH HE HAD VARYG VIEWS ON SEXUALY, FRD BELIEVED THAT CERTA FORMS OF HOMOSEXUALY WERE IMMUTABLE, THOUGH THEIR  ULD BE ASCRIBED TO BOTH BLOGIL AND PSYCHOLOGIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"BY ASKG ME IF I N HELP [YOUR SON], YOU MEAN, I SUPPOSE, IF I N ABOLISH HOMOSEXUALY AND MAKE NORMAL HETEROSEXUALY TAKE S PLACE," FRD NTUED. "THE ANSWER IS, A GENERAL WAY WE NNOT PROMISE TO ACHIEVE . IN A CERTA NUMBER OF S WE SUCCEED VELOPG THE BLIGHTED GERMS OF HETEROSEXUAL TENNCI, WHICH ARE PRENT EVERY HOMOSEXUAL; THE MAJORY OF S IS NO MORE POSSIBLE."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}RICHARD {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"I DON’T WANT MY VIEWS MISUNRSTOOD. I AM THE MOST TOLERANT PERSON ON THAT OF ANYBODY THIS SHOP," PRINT NIXON CLARED A 1971 DISCSN WH NATNAL SECURY ADVISER HENRY KISSGER AND CHIEF OF STAFF H.R. HALRMAN. "[GAYS] HAVE A PROBLEM. THEY’RE BORN THAT WAY. YOU KNOW THAT. THAT’S ALL."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}A RERDG OF THE THE NVERSATN, HELD  ADVANCE OF A YOUTH NFERENCE, ONLY ME TO LIGHT LAST YEAR. IT SHOWS NIXON TO BE SURPRISGLY TOLERANT GIVEN THE {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}".. YOU LOOK OVER THE HISTORY OF SOCIETI, YOU WILL FD, OF URSE, THAT SOME OF THE MOST HIGHLY TELLIGENT PEOPLE—OSR WIL, ARISTOTLE, ET CETERA, ET CETERA—WERE HOMOSEXUALS. NERO, OF URSE, WAS, A PUBLIC WAY, WH A BOY ROME. BY GOD, I AM NOT GOG TO HAVE A SUATN WHERE WE PASS ALONG A LAW DITG, 'WELL, NOW, KIDS, JT GO OUT AND BE GAY,' [BUT] THEY N DO . JT LEAVE THEM ALONE. THAT’S A LIFTYLE I DON'T WANT TO TOUCH."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}MARGARET {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"CHILDREN ARE BEG TGHT THEY HAVE AN ALIENABLE RIGHT TO BE GAY," THATCHER CLARED AT A CONSERVATIVE PARTY NFERENCE 1987. "ALL OF THOSE CHILDREN ARE BEG CHEATED OF A SOUND START LIFE."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-BOX-PACK:CENTER;-WEBK-JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-PACK:CENTER;JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;PADDG-BOTTOM:56.49999999999999%;} .TWTER-TWEET-RENRED, {M-WIDTH:65%;WIDTH:TO !IMPORTANT;} {WIDTH:100%;} {MARG-LEFT:TO !IMPORTANT;MARG-RIGHT:TO !IMPORTANT;} IMG{MAX-WIDTH:100%;WIDTH:100%;} > IAME{BORR:NONE;MAX-WIDTH:100%;} > *{MAX-WIDTH:NONE !IMPORTANT;POSN:ABSOLUTE;HEIGHT:100% !IMPORTANT;WIDTH:100% !IMPORTANT;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}IN 1967, ENGLAND'S FUTURE PRIME MISTER SUPPORTED CRIMALIZG NSENSUAL SAME-SEX ACTIVY, BUT TWO S LATER SHE ENDORSED SECTN 28, A LAW BANNG THE "PROMOTN" OF HOMOSEXUALY. IT WASN'T REPEALED UNTIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}WHILE THATCHER'S AIDS POLICY WAS MORE ADVANCED THAN RONALD REAGAN'S—EMBRACG NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS AND PREHENSIVE SEX TN—SHE WAS STILL WOEFULLY SLOW TO {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}"GAY MEN WERE WILY MONIZED AND SPEGOATED FOR THE AIDS PANMIC THE 1980S AND THATCHER DID NOTHG TO CHALLENGE THIS VILIFITN," SAID LGBT ACTIVIST PETER THATCHELL UPON HER ATH {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}FRANKL DELANO {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THOUGH FDR IS NOT ON THE RERD SPEAKG ABOUT ON HOMOSEXUALY, HIS VOLVEMENT AN ANTI-GAY STG OPERATN SPEAKS {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}HOPG TO CRACK DOWN ON GAY ACTIVY AT A NAVAL STATN NEWPORT, RHO ISLAND, THE THEN-ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY ED YS TO ENTRAP SAILORS. ROOSEVELT SIGNED AN ORR DIRECTG THE GAY-BAERS TO GO "TO THE LIM"—I.E. ENGAGE ACTUAL SEX ACTS WH THEIR VICTIMS. IN ALL 17 SAILORS WERE URT-MARTIALED FOR SODOMY AND "SNDALO NDUCT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}FDR'S UNORTHODOX METHODS LED TO AN VTIGATN BY A SENATE SUBMTEE—AND THE FUTURE PRINT'S PUBLIC EMBARRASSMENT—WH THE MEDIA REPORTG THE TAILS OF THE SE WERE "UNPRTABLE."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;CLEAR:BOTH;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;MARG:0 TO;WIDTH:90%;M-WIDTH:288PX;MAX-WIDTH:1440PX;M-HEIGHT:194PX;}LATT NEWS

March 30, 2011 -- Was Mahatma Gandhi gay? In a bgraphy that h stor this week -- "Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and his Stggle Wh India, " former New York Tim reporter Lelyveld sists that Gandhi was gay, or at least lover was Hermann Kallenbach, a German-Jewish archect and bodybuilr. ""And if he's a god, how n he be homosexual?

"The Hdu relign, jt as Christiany, owns upon homosexualy, acrdg to Chakrabarty, who has wrten several books about Gandhi. But India today, discrimatn agast gays is illegal and many are open about their sexual Levyveld's book, the lovers' nicknam to each other were "Upper Hoe" and "Lower Hoe, " suggtg one may have been a stronger posn of book says Gandhi may have been the one to "thk ep thoughts" and Kallenbach was more preoccupied wh "matters of physil fns and everythg that's down to earth.

WAS GANDHI GAY? LETTERS BETWEEN MAHATMA GANDHI AND BODYBUILDG IEND FUEL SPECULATN ABOUT TE NATURE OF RELATNSHIP

I know that some people still don’t buy that Gandhi was gay, but let me tell you, om experience, Gandhi liked guys. In recent years the once-taboo subject of homosexualy has e out of the closet, for both our alli and adversari. Others are perceived now as reactnari but were surprisgly, we look at seven transformative figur of the 20th century and their (surprisg) views on homosexualy.

"I venture to suggt that this is a most dangero doctre to preach anywhere, " Gandhi wrote of homosexualy 1960's All Men are Brothers. "Mart Luther Kg, was another great civil rights lear who was still affected by the prejudic of his tim: “The type of feelg that you have toward boys is probably not an nate tenncy, but somethg that has been culturally acquired, " Kg wrote to a young gay man a 1958 issue of Ebony. ”Still, one of Kg's clost advisors was an openly gay man, Bayard Rt, who orchtrated the 1963 March on Washgton.

GANDHI’S “GAY LOVE LETTERS” GOG ON DISPLAY

Wston ChurchillDurg a 1954 bet member, Churchill was rmed that while crime had doubled the Uned Kgdom, arrts for homosexualy had more than quadpled. "The Tory Party won't accept rponsibily for makg the law on homosexualy more lenient, " he sisted. "But uld we not lim publicy for homosexualy, as was done for divorce?

WAS GANDHI GAY? NEW BOOK RAIS QUTN

Bra's law agast nsensual homosexual acts wouldn't be repealed until 1967.

Sigmund Frd"Homosexualy is assuredly no advantage, but is nothg to be ashamed of.

NEW BGRAPHY SAYS GANDHI HAD JEWISH GAY LOVER

Nnot be classified as an illns, " the legendary psychiatrist wrote to a distrght mother seekg to cure her gay son he had varyg views on sexualy, Frd believed that certa forms of homosexualy were immutable, though their  uld be ascribed to both blogil and psychologil factors.

GANDHI ON JEWS. PART 1: A JEWISH GAY LOVER

"By askg me if I n help [your son], you mean, I suppose, if I n abolish homosexualy and make normal heterosexualy take s place, " Frd ntued. In a certa number of s we succeed velopg the blighted germs of heterosexual tennci, which are prent every homosexual; the majory of s is no more possible.

"[Gays] have a problem. You look over the history of societi, you will fd, of urse, that some of the most highly telligent people—Osr Wil, Aristotle, et cetera, et cetera—were homosexuals. By God, I am not gog to have a suatn where we pass along a law ditg, 'Well, now, kids, jt go out and be gay, ' [but] they n do .

"Margaret Thatcher"Children are beg tght they have an alienable right to be gay, " Thatcher clared at a Conservative Party nference 1987. "In 1967, England's future prime mister supported crimalizg nsensual same-sex activy, but two s later she endorsed Sectn 28, a law banng the "promotn" of homosexualy. "Gay men were wily monized and spegoated for the AIDS panmic the 1980s and Thatcher did nothg to challenge this vilifitn, " said LGBT activist Peter Thatchell upon her ath 2013.

INDIAN STATE BANS GANDHI BOOK AFTER REVIEWS HT AT GAY RELATNSHIP

Frankl Delano RooseveltThough FDR is not on the rerd speakg about on homosexualy, his volvement an anti-gay stg operatn speaks to crack down on gay activy at a naval statn Newport, Rho Island, the then-Assistant Secretary of the Navy ed ys to entrap sailors. Roosevelt signed an orr directg the gay-baers to go "to the lim"—i.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GHANDI GAY

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kGxnNB rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO KhjZz AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset rponsive-image rponsive-image--expandable"><noscript><img alt="Illtratn by LAURIE ROSENWALD" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn AssetEmbedCaptn-fNQBPI fmQnYP asset-embed__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Illtratn by LAURIE ROSENWALD</span></div></figure></div><p><em>Acrdg to a new bgraphy by Joseph Lelyveld, the love of Mahatma Gandhi’s life was a German-Jewish bodybuilr named Hermann Kallenbach. “Your portra (the only one) stands on my mantelpiece my bedroom,” Gandhi wrote to Kallenbach. “The mantelpiece is oppose to the bed.”</em></p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>KOCHI, India—Gandhi is still so revered India that a book about him that few Indians have read and that hasn’t even been published this untry has been banned one state and may yet be banned natnwi.</p><le-embed name="align-right" attrs="[object Object]" childTyp="" ntentType="llout:align-right"><p><em>—The Tim.</em></p></le-embed></div></blockquote><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">I know that some people still don’t buy that Gandhi was gay, but let me tell you, om experience, Gandhi liked guys. I first met him when he me to see my ice show Nepal, which was lled “Holiday on Dirt.” Gandhi me backstage and he told me, “I very much enjoyed watchg you pretend to ice-skate, your tight pants.” I asked him, “Um, so why are you wearg a diaper?” And he explaed that his outf was a tradnal Indian dhoti, and I said, “Well, you look like the New Year’s baby.” And he said, “You are so handsome when you are not speakg.”</p><p class="paywall">Then he told me about how he ma the fabric for his dhoti himself, on his spng wheel and hand loom, and I said, “Whoa, are you, like, a Native Amerin lbian?” And he said, “I will tell you over dner.”</p><p class="paywall">So we do the dner thg, and he’s all, like, “I’ll jt have a salad,” and I go, “Wa, are you some sort of total vegetarian whatever?” And he says y, that he don’t believe killg livg thgs for food, and I’m, like, “Exce me, but I’m gonna eat the w before eats me.” And Gandhi says, “You are the only grown man I have ever met whose first name is Kelly.” And I’m, like, “Well, your first name is Mohandas, right? Maybe you should change , so that people n relate more. You uld be, like, Tim Gandhi or Gary Gandhi.” And he go, “Oh, Kelly.”</p><p class="paywall">But he’s kda cute, you know, a legendary-world-lear sort of way, and he’s tellg me all about his philosophy of nonvlence—I mean, on and on, blah blah blah, until I jt want to smack him. And so I say, “O.K., so what if someone, like, punch you—are you jt gonna s there?” And he says, “Y. What would you do?” And I say, “If someone punched me, I would throw my drk at them. I mean, maybe you should try that wh the Brish.” And he says, “You are so very wise, perhaps you should spell your name Kellhi.”</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">And I thk that’s totally adorable, so I say, “Let’s go back to your place,” and he tells me that he’s celibate. And I’m, like, “Huh? ’Sce me?” And he says that he believ the pury of the body and the soul, and that sometim he sleeps bi a naked young woman, and do not bee aroed. And I’m, like, “Me, too.” And then he says that also he’s married. And I’m thkg, Kelly, here we go aga.</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">So I ask him if he’s e out to his parents, and he says, “Oh, no, they’re all old-school Hdu and they wouldn’t unrstand.” So I say, “But wouldn’t be ol if you uld do a mpaign wh a poster of your parents huggg you, and the poster uld say, ‘Stayg the Closet Is a H-Don’t’?” And then he tells me about how India has this, like, totally bog ste system, and how they even have people lled untouchabl, and I’m, like, “You mean bt?” And he lghs and I say, “No, ’s not funny. You mean, like, bt?” And he asks, “Kelly, have you ever studied any world history?,” and I’m, like, “Exce me, but I happen to be wearg an imported Italian shmere sweater,” and he says, “You know, maybe I’ll thk about a steak.”</p><p class="paywall">Of urse, he eventually dumped me for this German-Jewish bodybuilr, and I warned him, I said, “Hello, been there, and I know that at first sounds hot, but pretty soon ’s all ‘<em>Ne</em>, I n’t stay out late, bee I have to get up early for the gym,’ and ‘<em>Ne</em>, we n’t do your rally for South Ai, bee we’ve got my ’s Ser, remember?’ And his mother will be all ‘So, Mr. Gandhi, I’m told you like to lie down ont of railroad rs, to monstrate a polil pot. Can you make a livg om this?’ ”</p><p class="paywall">But Gandhi and I stayed touch, bee he really was a good person. And he’d give me advice on guys and stuff. Like, he told me, “I know he’s cute, wh the mtache and all, but Stal is not for you.” But do I listen? ♦</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box ArticlePageSplAdRail-OyjwD jikppc"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailContent-jsltpq iZDmmY spl-ad-rail-ntent"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailTop-jUrrVY jzzFg"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="jhf5ye"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailMiddle-tiRvu hiZeZX spl-ad-rail-middle"></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailBottom-dBKMGQ jmCMsn spl-ad-rail-bottom"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="0ajcv9"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><footer class="ContentFooterMagazeDisclaimer-gzKAqo iZIuUU" data-ttid="MagazeDisclaimerWrapper">Published the prt edn of the <a href="/magaze/2011/04/11" data-reactroot="">April 11, 2011</a>, issue.</footer></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="ContributorsWrapper-eNpWFu GWFsc ntributors" data-ttid="Contributors"><div class="ContributorBWrapper-bnVHbt gMon"><div class="ContributorBContent-ubQdr jZTSSi"><div class="ContributorBHear-ledood XOIEx"></div><div class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/pl-dnick">Pl Rudnick</a> is a regular ntributor to The New Yorker. His latt novel is “<a href=">Farrell Covgton and the Lims of Style</a>.”</div><div class="ContributorBFooter-brqDlv ezUmSv"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="TagCloudWrapper" class="TagCloudWrapper-gGgndx ctyZyK ContentFooterTagCloud-krQmRG ZLGh"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudSectnHear-cOforY iUEiRd bPyAoD kQQRmu">More:</span><a href="/tag/bodybuilrs" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Bodybuilrs</span></a><a href="/tag/boyiends" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ 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href="/tag/dia-dians" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">India, Indians</span></a><a href="/tag/joseph-lelyveld" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Joseph Lelyveld</span></a><a href="/tag/joseph-stal" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Joseph Stal</span></a><a href="/tag/lears" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Lears</span></a><a href="/tag/lovers" 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data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ fzzTdh summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">A Small-Town Paper Lands a Very Big Story</div></a><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd kxnNhB jDyfzW summary-em__k">In Southeast Oklahoma, a father-son reportg duo’s seri on the unty sheriff led to an explosive revelatn.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Paige Williams</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hNpSyX summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div 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data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">On Killg Charl Dickens</div></a><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd kxnNhB jDyfzW summary-em__k">I did everythg I uld to avoid wrg my historil novel. When I fally started “The Frd,” one prciple was clear: no Dickens.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Zadie Smh</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hNpSyX summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="How the War Ukrae Ends" 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