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Revelers party durg the Circu Ftival's Water Park Day Vilassar Mar, Spa, Augt 2016. Josep Lago/AFP via Getty ImagWhen ronavis rtrictns threatened the Whe Party, an annual circu party held Palm Sprgs, California, the anizer, Jefey Sanger, cid to move the ftivi to Jalis, Mexi. Gay partygoers om around the world scend on the small astal state for the New Year’s Eve bash. Stars om Ru Pl’s Drag race ma appearanc, and even some doctors and nurs, h off their first COVID-19 vacce dos, got on the actn. The social media backlash was swift. Mexi, at that time, had one of the hight mortaly rat – measured as aths to s – the world. Others poted out that the flux of tourists uld stra existg hospal rourc. Above all, the partygoers seemed to embody the arrogance, privilege and excs of people who prrized a good time over a global health emergency. While other gay events have also been occurrg durg the panmic, this one particular party seemed to strike a nerve wh the gay muny. For five years, my lleagu and I have been attendg the circu parti to terview atten. We’ve sought to better unrstand the posive ways the parti fluence gay culture, along wh some of the problems they n prent. To me, Sanker’s nt bash – held the thro of the ronavis panmic – epomized a growg divi gay culture. On one si, there are those who ntue to ph the polil boundari and, so dog, embrace the legacy of muny-buildg that emerged om the post-Stonewall era of LGBTQ activism; on the other, a group which seems to reject any notns of solidary nor exprs any sire to know more about the history and polil implitns of their actns. Early parti center on solidary The circu party emerged the late 1980s and me out of the unrground gay club scene tablished by Black and Lato men livg Chigo and Detro. The name “circu” was affixed to a particular branch of electronic dance mic party due to the style of hoe mic, dubbed “circu hoe,” that played almost exclively at the gathergs. Early circu hoe enthiasts subscribed to the valu of P.L.U.M. – Peace, Love, Uny and Movement – though the “M” would later be replaced wh an “R” for “Rpect.” The circu soon me to simply refer to the work of unrground nightclubs where gay men uld dance together. The spac also fostered solidary among gay people, helpg them feel ls stigmatized and normalizg some of the issu they faced, whether was HIV/AIDS or rejectn by fay and peers. As one 45-year-old gay male man told me, the early parti were “small, timate affairs. We were all lookg for a way to nnect wh each other, and we didn’t have many optns, so the circu beme a space for to belong and a place where we uld be ee.” The circu be expensive and exclive For LGBTQ people, this qut for belongg hasn’t gone away. A 2013 Pew survey reported that LGBTQ people still felt high rat of discrimatn excln om tradnal stutns such as the fay, church and the workplace. A 2019 survey of LGBTQ Southerners found that participants felt an attachment to LGBTQ cultural spac like gay bars and neighborhoods. For all the progrs that has been ma, the enclav rema some of the only spac society where gayns is the norm. Broar civil rights gas have cid wh technologil advancements, wh the ter and social media dramatilly changg human teractn and llective anizg. A whirlwd of dizzyg social change driven by lik, views and shar has led to greater feelgs of what soclogists ll “anomie” – a French word ed to scribe feelgs of disnnectedns and a lack of muny. Circu parti are not immune to this change. No longer do dividuals attend the circu to make a polil statement; stead, the culture of the circu seems to be foced almost exclively on celebratg and seekg hyper-mascule and heteronormative standards of bety. For partygoers, this often means buildg a mcular ame, havg risky sex and g dgs. They’ll also engage what’s been scribed by other amics as “body fascism” – the excln and policg of how partygoers are supposed to look. This cut, mascule ial is also reflected ads for the events. Thoands of gay men gather at the Palm Sprgs Conventn Center for the 2004 Whe Party. J. E Flor/Corbis via Getty Imag Today, circu parti have bee large-sle ternatnal productns stg hundreds of thoands of dollars, leadg to an crease ticket and travel sts. This has ma the events more exclive and also ls racially diverse, sce men of lor tend to have ls disposable e to attend the events and n also be the target of racial slurs and send-class treatment. “This is no longer a polil event,” one 50-year-old male party promoter told me. “This is a mic ftival, and we have to make as much money as possible.” When subcultur get -opted by pal One of the greatt strengths of the gay rights movement has been s abily to be activism wh fun. However, as my rearch shows, unls there’s an tent to prrize polil agendas, group solidary n easily be erod. Sanker has noted that as his events have bee more profable, they’ve faced ls opposn om public officials and nservative groups. But this profabily has meant scbbg ntroversial polil msag om the events to make them as palatable to as many ctomers as possible. Somethg, clearly, has been lost. Soclogists are keen to note how cultur – along wh subcultur – often emerge as a way to alleviate feelgs of isolatn and sufferg. However, cultural events often bee -opted by prof motiv. When this happens, they bee ls about rg for one another, buildg a sense of muny or celebratg the posive aspects of humany. Instead, wh pure profabily and pism ont and center at the Whe Party, ’s no wonr that the health of the atten – along wh that of the lols – was shgged off. [Insight, your box each day. You n get wh The Conversatn’s email newsletter.]This article is republished om The Conversatn, a nonprof news se dited to sharg ias om amic experts. It was wrten by: Christopher T. Conner, Universy of Missouri-Columbia. Read more:How the New York media vered the Stonewall rtsHow much cred should rporatns get for the advancement of LGBTQ rights? Christopher T. Conner do not work for, nsult, own shar or receive fundg om any pany or anizatn that would benef om this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliatns beyond their amic appotment. * gay circuit *