Anti-Intellectualism, Homophobia, and the Workg-Class Gay/Lbian Amic on JSTOR

Contents:

• WHY G OUT AS WORKG CLASS WAS HARR THAN G OUT AS GAY
• WORKG CLASS MASCULY: KEEPG GAY MEN AND LBIANS OUT OF THE WORKPLACE
• WORKG-CLASS GAY DADS: QUEER STORI ABOUT FAY AND WORK
• WORKG-CLASS GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
• GAY ROMANCE WORKG CLASS HERO
• THE HIDN GAY LIV FALLY BEG UNVERED
• WORKG CLASS GAY MEN: REFG MUNY, RTORG INTY

WHY G OUT AS WORKG CLASS WAS HARR THAN G OUT AS GAY

Our project reprents one se study of hidn animosy toward homosexuals, which vari om “overt disgt” to “don’t ask, don’t tell” polici that rerce negative attus toward gay men and lbians. As such, we ntend that attus toward lbian and gay rights are not beg more progrsive; stead var methods of discrimatn are creasgly beg ed to exclu gay men and lbians om the workplace. We argue that Whe workg class men have nstcted and mataed a form of Whe male solidary, a llective practice directed toward women, People of Color, and non-heterosexuals that matas racism, sexism, and homophobia the lol, natnal, and global ntext.

In orr to secure such placement, Whe workg class men have nstcted and mataed a form of Whe male solidary (Bonilla-Silva 2003; Plummer 2001), a llective practice directed toward women, People of Color, and non-heterosexuals that matas racism and sexism, and homophobia the lol, natnal, and global ntext.

Surveys, for stance, have typilly monstrated that heterosexuals rpond that gay men and lbians should have the same civil rights and liberti as everyone else society (Loft 2001; MacDonald and Gam 1974), wh very few exceptns (Wolfe 1998). Ined would appear that prejudice, negative attus toward, and discrimatn agast gay men and lbians, at least terms of their human and social rights, may be takg a posive, albe slow, (2001), for example, claimed that the general trend of heterosexuals’ attus toward gay men and lbians’ civil rights the Uned Stat has been an creasgly posive one. Horvath and Ryan (2003), who nducted rearch on heterosexual llege aged men and women, found that discrimatn was a factor evaluatg the rum of gay men and lbians, but also found that male participants ranked heterosexual women lower than they did gay men and lbians.

WORKG CLASS MASCULY: KEEPG GAY MEN AND LBIANS OUT OF THE WORKPLACE

Furthermore, studi have suggted that many lbians and gay men anticipate discrimatn, however, a smaller percentage of gay men and lbians actually experience discrimatn their workplace (Bell and Weberg 1978; Humphrey 1999; Leve and Leonard 1984; Saghir and Robs 1973; Schneir 1986; Taylor and Raeburn 1995).

Connell (1995) asserted that workg class men mark their hegemonic masculy via llective practice, om makg fun of effemate men (Humphrey 1999; Mac an Ghaill 1994; Plummer 2001; Thorne 1993) to vlence agast women and homosexuals (Berrill 1992; Dean et al.

WORKG-CLASS GAY DADS: QUEER STORI ABOUT FAY AND WORK

Further, the enactment of the “real man” unrsr the performativy of genr a heterosexual matrix, which genr norms are naturalized and normalized through var ruals, such as workroom banter and gay-bashg (Sedgwick 1990).

Omi and Want (1994) argued that Whe workg class men have ls social and enomic power bee of the crease numbers of women, homosexuals, and ethnic mori their only do Whe workg class men hold negative attus toward women, mori, and homosexuals, they also e those attus to nstct and mata Whe male solidary (Bonilla-Silva 2003; Plummer 2001) as a llective practice agast homosexuals (Bernste and Kostelac 2002; Mserschmidt 1993). Send, what do rponnts thk about homosexuals’ ntributns and succs the vendg dtry, and what are their thoughts about whether or not sexual orientatn should be a nsiratn the hirg procs? In analyzg the answers om the rponnts at Whebread, we veloped three ma them (Glaser and Strss 1967) that we believe reprent the general attus of workers and management ncerng homosexualy: outright disgt, don’t ask—don’t tell, and ostracism and fear.

” Siarly Harry, a Whe worker his late 40s, was quick to exprs his opns on how most male workers would feel if they were forced to work wh someone who was open about beg gay: “Sure.

WORKG-CLASS GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

In fact, they often shared their thoughts wh the folks around them whenever the subject of homosexualy me up, for example, durg polil mentary about gay marriage or gay ’t Ask, Don’t TellA larger number of terview rponnts (55%) thought that there was no reason for anyone who was homosexual eher to exprs or acknowledge their sexual orientatn at work.

GAY ROMANCE WORKG CLASS HERO

This seemed to be an easy explanatn for some of the rponnts who felt unfortable when asked qutns regardg homosexuals the workplace and who wanted to appear, at least ially, open-md. When asked whether or not gay men and lbians should rema the closet about their sexual orientatn, the rponnts ntradicted themselv by answerg posively wh the stipulatn that they themselv would have nothg to do wh the person qutn. Unlike Leve (1992), who suggted three factors (perversn, moral wrongns, disease) that ntribute to the negative views that heterosexuals held toward gay men and lbians, five (25%) of the rponnts om Whebread did not offer or suggt any reason for their negative views about gay men or lbians other than a fear that eher they might somehow be “h on” by a homosexual, or they might somehow “tch ” or end up betrayg their heterosexualy by feelg pleasure of same-sex behavr.

THE HIDN GAY LIV FALLY BEG UNVERED

In the terviews wh workers and management we found that 90% of rponnts eher would not hire anyone they thought was homosexual or would not nsir them as their first or bt choice to fill an open job posn.

WORKG CLASS GAY MEN: REFG MUNY, RTORG INTY

We are very imprsnistic as far as this untry go, on first, acrdg to Gee, gay men do not f the profile of what rporatns are lookg for bee they are effemate, dirty, impole, and also unable to keep an anized and profsnal appearance. In the participant observatn, many of the gay jok uttered by the route salpersons rerced the view that ntrary to ia that gay men are well-groomed and clean cut, there is another si to them that is oppose of those reasons given by rponnts foced on gay men’s mental abili rather than their outward appearanc.

Ron, a sal manager for Whebread, noted that he knew of two gay men who ed to work for Whebread and mented on why he would not nsir re-hirg them:Uhmmmm [long pse] Well, I’ve known of two.

I don’t would have, have to ahhhh show me that they were strongly terted the job and I would expla to them what they were up agast and they would have to nvce me that they uld al wh , but I would still thk that they would Ron’s viewpot, gay men nnot al wh the emotnal strs that is required as a worker for Whebread.