Gay Rights: Movement and Marriage Rights (Vio) | HISTORY

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• DPE URT LG, CHA GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT MAK GAS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT GAS MOMENTUM AROUND THE WORLD
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: ONE VICTORY AT A TIME
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: GOG FORWARD OR BACKWARD?
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT SUMMARY
• HOW WWI SPARKED THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

GAY RIGHTS

Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels. Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze.

Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review. That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn.

Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985. But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy.

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn. In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth.

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

DPE URT LG, CHA GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT MAK GAS

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act.

This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat. Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage). Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men.

This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay. Fstrated wh the male learship of most gay liberatn groups, lbians fluenced by the femist movement of the 1970s formed their own llectiv, rerd labels, mic ftivals, newspapers, bookstor, and publishg ho, and lled for lbian rights mastream femist groups like the Natnal Organizatn for Women. The creasg expansn of a global LGBT rights movement suffered a setback durg the 1980s, as the gay male muny was cimated by the Aids epimic, mands for passn and medil fundg led to renewed alns between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like Aids Coaln to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Natn.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT GAS MOMENTUM AROUND THE WORLD

Wh greater media attentn to gay and lbian civil rights the 1990s, trans and tersex voic began to ga space through works such as Kate Boernste’s “Genr Outlaw” (1994) and “My Genr Workbook” (1998), Ann Fsto-Sterlg’s “Myths of Genr” (1992) and Llie Feberg’s “Transgenr Warrrs” (1998), enhancg shifts women’s and genr studi to bee more clive of transgenr and nonbary inti. LIMA, July 21 (Rters) - A Pevian high urt has orred same-sex unns to be legally registered public rerds, markg a victory for the LGBTQ muny a untry that has been reluctant to regnize gay lg, published on Friday, followed a se brought by a gay Pevian cizen who sued the registratn office for refg to rerd her 2019 marriage overseas, sayg her nstutnal rights were vlated. However, 61% disapproved of gay people public Lima urt orred the rerds office to "proceed wh the registratn" of the woman's marriage, the Superr Court of Jtice of Lima said on urt clared "applible" an article of the Pevian Civil Co of 1984 on the fay, which refers to marriage as the voluntary unn between man and is likely that an appeal agast the lg will be 2020, a gay uple took Pe to the Inter-Amerin Court of Human Rights after they lost a bid for regnn of their Mexin marriage the time, the nstutnal urt led that the civil registry of Pe only regniz the marriage between a man and a untri South Ameri, cludg Argenta, Uguay, Brazil and Colombia, have legalized gay marriage recent years.

She knew that there were activists Beijg and a vibrant muny Shanghai, and that San Francis, a distant mec, gay pri paras took up entire on Wednday, the 20-year-old English major sat on the steps of a urthoe and spoke fervently about how the stggle for equaly had arrived her central Che hometown — and how she planned to take part. Che society and the ernment have generally owned on nontradnal exprsns of genr and sexualy, but awarens of lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr issu is don't legally regnize same-sex marriage, and officials wh the central ernment have said they do not see the law changg soon.

It also remas unclear how far gay rights activism will be allowed to go unr the current polil climate Cha, where lawyers groups and femist activists have been jailed recent many gay rights activists Cha say they feel public attus are shiftg substantially given the growg mastream media verage of LGBT 2014, a Che urt led that gay nversn treatments were illegal. Earlier this week, a labor arbratn panel the southern provce of Guizhou heard Cha's first transgenr job discrimatn se and is expected to make a lg the g X, the director of the Beijg LGBT Center, said there was a sharp uptick awarens of gay issu pared to 2009, when the group started dog street performance art Beijg. Central Cha Televisn, the state broadster, has vered gay issu on several ocsns and sent a reporter Wednday to terview Sun after the urt he left the urthoe amid applse and cri of "Hero, " Sun, the platiff, told reporters and sr of supporters that he would ntue to appeal until all of his legal optns were exhsted.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: ONE VICTORY AT A TIME

She attributed the Inter to her knowledge of LGBT issu, sayg she had read voracly about everythg om the battle over same-sex marriage the Uned Stat wdg s way to the Supreme Court to news of homophobic attacks said she had long wanted to jo some sort of anizatn or e but had no ia how to participate Changsha, which had no anized gay muny to speak of.

Several months ago, police me to the hoe to urge Sun to drop his se, but left after he reerated his termatn to prs said his parents have been fully supportive of his legal battle, while Hu's mother and father, who live the Hunan untrysi, are more nservative but have e to accept their son's sexual night before the hearg, Sun and Hu spoke to lol reporters before settlg down for 10 yuan ($2) bowls of rice and ied peppers a nearby eatery, where they ntemplated the progrs of Cha's gay rights sisted he didn't want to be a spokman for all gay people Cha, but only fight for his dividual rights and set a legal precent. "I fd extremely outrageo and repugnant to my human nscience that such immoral and repulsive anizatns, like those of homosexuals, who offend both agast the law of nature and the morals of relig beliefs poed by our society, should have any advot our midst and elsewhere the world, " shouted an angry Mugabe, ont of a group of schoolchildren, who appeared nfed by the print's fury.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: GOG FORWARD OR BACKWARD?

Mugabe also promoted new anti-gay then Mugabe was battlg agast clg populary and many Zimbabwean analysts said he lculated that a csa agast gays would w him wispread 's youth ia burned down the stand of the Gays and Lbians of Zimbabwe (Galz) at the book fair, but overall the mpaign fizzled. At first the ANC said that the end of apartheid should e before other issu like gay rights but the party was nvced by s gay members that their rights were part and parcel of the untry's to the backg of the ANC, 1996 South Ai beme the first untry the world to adopt a nstutn that guarante the rights of gays and lbians.

As I noted my obuary for Ronald Reagan a year ago, the future print played a key role helpg the gay rights movement to s first signifint post-1977 succs: the feat November, 1978 of the California Briggs iative, which would have barred openly gay or lbian schoolteachers om the classroom. " Thirty years ago, Amerins were leadg the movement; today, we are well behd our brothers and sisters to the north, Wtern Europe, and parts of young gay and lbian activists today, like activists for other at other pots history, have expected too much too soon.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT SUMMARY

Her discharge om the ary over her homosexualy had turned her to an Tob/The New York Public LibraryPublished July 19, 2023Updated July 23, 2023Lilli Vcenz, who beme a gay rights activist the hhed, reprsive era before the Stonewall rebelln of 1969, when such a ncept srcely existed, makg a mark as a newspaper edor, documentary filmmaker and psychotherapist voted to L. Vicenz beme, by most acunts, the first lbian to picket the Whe Hoe support of equal rights for gay people as a member of the Mattache Society of Washgton, an early gay rights prott — the first of s kd, acrdg to the Library of Congrs — and others that followed were small but brought visibily to a movement s fancy. Vcenz beme the first out lbian to appear on the ver of a natnal gay magaze, The Ladr, a publitn produced by the untry’s first lbian-rights group, the Dghters of Bilis, acrdg to a retrospective on her life and reer by Lillian Farman, a historian of lbian and gay her scbbed, all-Amerin looks, Dr.

HOW WWI SPARKED THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Vcenz looked like “every mother’s dream dghter, ” as Barbara Gtgs, The Ladr’s edor, put Vcenz also ntributed to the e on the other si of a mera, makg two 16-limeter films that were later hailed as signifint artifacts of the early gay rights first, tled “The Send-Largt Mory, ” documents a Mattache Society prott ont of Inpennce Hall Philalphia on July 4, morn ey, the black-and-whe film, roughly seven mut, seems anythg but seismic. McDarrah / Getty ImagFrom s begng wh rts agast police opprsn of gays New York Cy more than 40 years ago, the fight for gay rights ntu today on new onts: over marriage, therapi to “cure” homosexuals and one of the untry's most popular stutns, the Boy Suts of week, the U. But while we've reached the tippg pot on marriage, there's still a ways to go for full LGBT equaly, like endg bullyg schools and workplace discrimatn, ” Kev Nix, a spokman for the LGBT advocy group, Human Rights Campaign, said a statement earlier this is a look at some of the key moments Amerin LGBT history:June 28, 1969: Start of the gay rights movementThe Stonewall Rts beg after police raid a popular unlicensed gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, New York Cy's Greenwich Village.

GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY

His announcement me one day after voters North Carola passed a nstutnal amendment banng same-sex marriage as well as civil unns for gay and lbian 4, 2012: In a first, gay marriage ws at the ballot boxVoters Mae approve same-sex marriage the first vote brought by supporters, while voters Maryland and Washgton uphold state legislatn allowg gays and lbians to wed. However, others wh LGBT movements have cricized inty polics as limed and flawed, [4] and have stead aimed to transform fundamental stutns of society (such as lbian femism) or have argued that all members of society have the potential for same-sex sexualy (such as Adolf Brand or Gay Liberatn) or a broar range of genr exprsn (such as the transgenr wrg of Kate Bornste). [8] In the 1890s, English socialist poet Edward Carpenter and Sttish anarchist John Henry Mackay wrote fense of same-sex love and androgyny; Carpenter and Brish homosexual rights advote John Addgton Symonds ntributed to the velopment of Havelock Ellis's groundbreakg book Sexual Inversn, which lled for tolerance towards "verts" and was supprsed when first published England.

Their e of the word "gay" reprented a new unapologetic fiance—as an antonym for "straight" ("rpectable sexual behavr"), enpassed a range of non-normative sexuali and genr exprsns, such as transgenr street prostut, and sought ultimately to ee the bisexual potential everyone, renrg obsolete the tegori of homosexual and heterosexual.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

From 1970 activists protted the classifitn of homosexualy as a mental illns by the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn their DSM, and 1974, was replaced wh a tegory of "sexual orientatn disturbance" then "ego-dystonic homosexualy, " which was also leted, although "genr inty disorr" remas. Many women of the Gay Liberatn movement felt trated at the domatn of the movement by men and formed separate anisatns; some who felt genr differenc between men and women uld not be rolved veloped "lbian separatism, " fluenced by wrgs such as Jill Johnston's 1973 book Lbian Natn. The Gays and Lbians For Individual Liberty filed a Supreme Court brief support of the right of the Boy Suts of Ameri to refe to adm gays to s ranks (notg that if the BSA were forced by ernment to adm gay members, gay anizatns might also be forced to adm anti-gay members).

Outright Libertarians, favor an approach that do not require ernment ercn and seek to lim ernment actn to the implementatn of equal rights—rather than "special rights" such as legally-required preferential treatment on the basis of sexual orientatn employment, hog or tn that are often mand by other gay anizatns.

The libertarian posn on gay rights unrsr the divi between liberal groups (who favor ENDA and hate crim laws as a primary vehicle for gay rights) and libertarians (who generally view gay rights as equal treatment areas such as marriage equaly and other posns that are broadly opposed by both Democrats and Republins). While mastream psychology has e around to the view that homosexualy is an nate ndn, although a dissentg mory regard as a disorr and have veloped specialized therapi that n enable those who are willg to al wh their same-sex attractn and settle to a heterosexual liftyle.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

The fight for gay rights the Uned Stat has e a long way sce the Stonewall Uprisg of 1969, when gay and trans patrons of the Stonewall Inn New York Cy fought back agast police tryg to arrt night marked the begng of the gay rights movement the US, a s-long fight that jt a few years ago rulted the momento 2015 Supreme Court cisn legalizg gay marriage the lg on June 26, 2015, didn’t end the stggle for equaly and protectn. Across the untry, LGBTQ Amerins still face legalized discrimatn unr the law when to hog, jobs, parentg, and even June, ’s important to celebrate how far the US has e regnizg gay rights — and to be proud of that fact — but only if we also remember how far we still have to go to ensure that the equal rights and digny of LGBTQ Amerins are regnized unr the are some of the battl for equaly that are still beg fought across the untry.

At the heart of the issue is the right of all Amerins to public acmodatns—that is, safe accs to goods, servic, facili, and privileg the public ’s a b wonky, but the battle beg fought over bathrooms is about whether trans and gay dividuals have a right to e all of the facili the rt of Amerins e a way that acmodat their needs.