HIV-related stigma wh muni of gay men: A lerature review - PMC

Contents:

• WHY ARE GAY MEN MORE AT RISK FOR HIV?
• HIV AMONG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN THE U.S.
• HIV NOW FECTS MORE HETEROSEXUAL PEOPLE THAN GAY OR BISEXUAL MEN – WE NEED A NEW STRATEGY
• NST T="UNFED"!=TYPEOF HTMLIMAGEELEMENT&&"LOADG" HTMLIMAGEELEMENT.PROTOTYPE;IF(T){NST T=DOCUMENT.QUERYSELECTORALL("IMG[DATA-MA-IMAGE]");FOR(LET E OF T){(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRC",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRC")),(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET"));NST T=E.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTORALL("SOURCE[DATA-SRCSET]");FOR(LET E OF T)E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET");PLETE&&(,E.PARENTNO.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTOR("[DATA-PLACEHOLR-IMAGE]"))}}HIV BASICSOVERVIEWABOUT HIV & AIDSWHAT ARE HIV AND AIDS?HOW IS HIV TRANSMTED?WHO IS AT RISK FOR HIV?SYMPTOMS OF HIVDATA & TRENDSU.S. STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORIGLOBAL STATISTICSHISTORYHIV AND AIDS TIMELEMAKG A DIFFERENCESUPPORTG SOMEONE LIVG WH HIVSTANDG UP TO STIGMAGETTG INVOLVEDHIV PREVENTNUSG HIV MEDITN TO RCE RISKHIV TREATMENT AS PREVENTNPRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PREP)POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP)RCG SEXUAL RISKPREVENTG SEXUAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVRCG RISK OM ALHOL & DG USEALHOL AND HIV RISKSUBSTANCE USE AND HIV RISKRCG RISK OF PERATAL TRANSMISSNPREVENTG PERATAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVPOTENTIAL FUTURE OPTNSHIV VACCLONG-ACTG HIV PREVENTN TOOLSMICROBICISHIV TTGLEARN ABOUT HIV TTGWHO SHOULD GET TTED?HIV TTG LOTNSHIV TTG OVERVIEWUNRSTANDG HIV TT RULTSJT DIAGNOSED: WHAT'S NEXT?LIVG WH HIVTALKG ABOUT YOUR HIV STATSTARTG HIV CAREFD A PROVIRLOTE AN HIV CARE PROVIRTYP OF PROVIRSTAKE CHARGE OF YOUR CAREGETTG READY FOR YOUR FIRST VISWHAT TO EXPECT AT YOUR FIRST HIV CARE VISSTAYG HIV CAREPROVIR VISS AND LAB TTSMAKG CARE WORK FOR YOUSEEG YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIRHIV LAB TTS AND RULTSRETURNG TO CAREHIV TREATMENTHIV TREATMENT OVERVIEWVIRAL SUPPRSN AND UNTECTABLE VIRAL LOAD TAKG YOUR HIV MEDICE AS PRCRIBEDTIPS ON TAKG YOUR HIV MEDITN EVERY DAYPAYG FOR HIV CARE AND TREATMENTOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECORONAVIS (COVID-19) AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CIMMUNIZATNS AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSULIVG WELL WH HIVTAKG CARE OF YOURSELFAGG WH HIVEMERGENCI AND DISASTERS AND HIVEMPLOYMENT AND HEALTHEXERCISE AND PHYSIL ACTIVYFOOD SAFETY AND NUTRNHOG AND HEALTHTRAVELG OUTSI THE U.S.YOUR LEGAL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTSWORKPLACE RIGHTSLIMS ON CONFINTIALYFERAL RPONSENATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGYNATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY (2022-2025)PRR NATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGI (2010-2021)ENDG THE HIV EPIMICABOUT ENDG THE HIV EPIMIC THE U.S.OVERVIEWKEY STRATEGIPRRY JURISDICTNSHHS AGENCI INVOLVEDFUNDGTIMELELEARN MORE ABOUT EHEREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREP PHARMACIREADY, SET, PREP ROURCAHEADAHEAD: AMERI’S HIV EPIMIC ANALYSIS DASHBOARDFERAL ACTIVI & AGENCIHIV PREVENTN ACTIVIHIV TTG ACTIVIHIV CARE AND TREATMENT ACTIVIHIV REARCH ACTIVIACTIVI COMBATG HIV STIGMA AND DISCRIMATNPOLICI & ISSUTHE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT AND HIV/AIDSHIV CARE CONTUUMSYRGE SERVIC PROGRAMSFUNDGBUDGETFERAL FUNDG FOR HIV/AIDSMORY HIV/AIDS FUNDOVERVIEWBACKGROUNDFUND ACTIVITHE FUND ACTNPACHAABOUT PACHACHARTERMEMBERS & STAFFSUBMTEPRR PACHA MEETGS AND REMENDATNSCAMPAIGNSI AM A WORK OF ART CAMPAIGNAWARENS CAMPAIGNSPEPFAR & GLOBAL AIDSGLOBAL HIV/AIDS OVERVIEWPEPFARU.S. GOVERNMENT GLOBAL HIV/AIDS ACTIVIGLOBAL HIV/AIDS ORGANIZATNSEVENTSAWARENS DAYSNATNAL BLACK HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY FEBARY 7HIV IS NOT A CRIME AWARENS DAY FEBARY 28NATNAL WOMEN AND GIRLS HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 10NATNAL NATIVE HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 20NATNAL YOUTH HIV & AIDS AWARENS DAY APRIL 10HIV VACCE AWARENS DAY MAY 18NATNAL ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANR HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MAY 19HIV LONG-TERM SURVIVORS AWARENS DAY JUNE 5NATNAL HIV TTG DAY JUNE 27ZERO HIV STIGMA JULY 21SOUTHERN HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 20NATNAL FAH HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 30NATNAL HIV/AIDS AND AGG AWARENS DAY SEPTEMPBER 18NATNAL GAY MEN'S HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY SEPTEMBER 27NATNAL LATX AIDS AWARENS DAY OCTOBER 15WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1EVENT PLANNG GUI CONFERENCU.S. CONFERENCE ON HIV/AIDS (USCHA) NATNAL RYAN WHE CONFERENCE ON HIV CARE & TREATMENT AIDS 2020 (23RD INTERNATNAL AIDS CONFERENCE VIRTUAL) LEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNIWANT TO STAY ABREAST OF CHANG PREVENTN, RE, TREATMENT OR REARCH OR OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH ARENAS THAT AFFECT OUR LLECTIVE RPONSE TO THE HIV EPIMIC? OR ARE YOU NEW TO THIS FIELD? CURAT LEARNG OPPORTUNI FOR YOU, AND THE PEOPLE YOU SERVE AND LLABORATE WH.STAY UP TO DATE WH THE WEBARS, TWTER CHATS, NFERENC AND MORE THIS SECTN.MORE LEARNG OPPORTUNIBLOGGET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHGOESPAñOL ESPAñOL ES GET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHOPEN LOTOR SEARCHHIV SERVICES LOCATORSEARCH⨯CLOSEHOMEHIV BASICSOVERVIEWDATA AND TRENDSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORISECTN MENUGET TTED. FIND SERVICES + PREP.DATA & TRENDSU.S. STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORIGLOBAL STATISTICSSEARCHDATA & TRENDSU.S. STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORIGLOBAL STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORI
• HIV AND ALL GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
• THE HIGH RISK OF GAY BLACK MEN GETTG HIV
• HIV-RELATED STIGMA WH MUNI OF GAY MEN: A LERATURE REVIEW
• GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN'S HEALTH ISSU
• HIV AND AIN AMERIN GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
• CANCER FACTS FOR GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

WHY ARE GAY MEN MORE AT RISK FOR HIV?

Sce the HIV epimic started the 1980s gay men have been at a greater risk and reprented more of the new HIV s that we’ve known this untry and actually ternatnally as well.

So aga, the pot I would want to make, ’s not bee of who you are, ’s not jt bee you’re gay.

It’s bee we live a high HIV prevalent society among gay men and then also bee some of the behavrs that we engage may put more at risk for HIV. New HIV fectns cled among gay and bisexual men the last , but HIV ntu to disproportnately affect gay and bisexual men relative to other muni the U.

HIV AMONG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN THE U.S.

Progrs rcg new HIV fectns among gay and bisexual men has also not been equal, wh differenc by race, ethnicy, and age. Factors that fluence health out—cludg HIV-related stigma, homophobia, racism, discrimatn, poverty, limed accs to high-qualy health re, and other longstandg barriers—have ntributed to the unequal reach of HIV preventn and treatment; higher levels of HIV some muni; and ntued equi.

HIV NOW FECTS MORE HETEROSEXUAL PEOPLE THAN GAY OR BISEXUAL MEN – WE NEED A NEW STRATEGY

Addnally, 2020, 49% fewer HIV tts were admistered among gay and bisexual men non-healthre settgs than 2019. Wh effective preventn and treatment tools at our disposal, the natn has a s--the-makg opportuny to end the domtic HIV epimic and elimate dispari HIV preventn and re among gay and bisexual men and other populatns disproportnately affected by HIV. CDC is fundg a monstratn project 4 jurisdictns to intify active HIV transmissn works and implement HIV terventns for Hispanic/Lato gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex wh men.

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In 2017, CDC award nearly $11 ln per year for five years to 30 CBOs to provi HIV ttg to young gay and bisexual men of lor and transgenr youth of lor, wh the goal of intifyg undiagnosed HIV fectns and lkg those who have HIV to re and preventn servic. HIV was tearg the gay muny apart and my diagnosis was almost a relief after a trapped a cycle of sex, shame, fear and regret. That medil breakthrough 1996 meant an HIV diagnosis was no longer a termal one, but rat among gay men remaed disproportnately high and stigma rife.

HIV AND ALL GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

Now, 49% of new diagnos England are among straight people (wh an almost even spl between men and women), pared wh 45% for gay and bisexual men.

THE HIGH RISK OF GAY BLACK MEN GETTG HIV

Instead, ’s primarily the rult of a sharp, staed drop diagnos among gay and bisexual men wh a 71% fall sce 2014.

There was a 7% fall HIV ttg by gay men sexual health clics England 2020, but HIV ttg rat heterosexuals dropped by a third.

This mak the news of a higher number of HIV diagnos heterosexuals than gay men even more turnaround fortun cis wh three big chang for HIV the UK the past . For example, I have 100% nfince that I n’t pass on HIV to my hband, and he do targeted work focg on at-risk groups – cludg gay men, as well as those of black Ain herage and some the trans muny – is workg.

HIV-RELATED STIGMA WH MUNI OF GAY MEN: A LERATURE REVIEW

This par wh jt 29% among gay and bisexual need to tt more people more often and more plac – regardls of genr, sexualy, ethnicy or anythg else.

To ntextualise the size of the challenge, jt 4% of those on NHS England’s PrEP trial didn’t intify as a gay or bisexual also need to ensure that all healthre profsnals have a solid basele knowledge of HIV, which I know om personal experience is all too often not the se.

GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN'S HEALTH ISSU

For example, if someone is prentg wh symptoms of a promised immune system (such as thsh or ld sor), we need GPs to remend an HIV tt for a whe heterosexual grandmother jt as they might for a gay is a unique health challenge and remas one of the most stigmatised health ndns. For example, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex wh men (MSM) are by far the most affected group the Uned Stat.

They acunt for about 66% of new fectns each year, even though they make up only 2% of the populatn, wh the hight burn among Black and Lato gay and bisexual men. Acrdg to CDC, 2019, 26% of new HIV fectns were among Black gay and bisexual men, 23% among Lato gay and bisexual men, and 45% among gay and bisexual men unr the age of women, dispari also exist. It therefore signat five prry populatns: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex wh men, particular, Black, Lato, and Amerin Indian/Alaska Native men; Black women; transgenr women; youth aged 13-24 years; and people who ject dgs.

Learn more: View NHAS Feral Implementatn Plan also outl feral agenci’ mments to programs, polici, rearch, and activi signed to rce HIV-related dispari and health -pth rmatn about the impact of HIV on different racial and ethnic populatns, see the CDC fact sheets:Risk by race/ethnicyHIV and Ain Amerin PeopleHIV and Hispanic/Lato PeopleHIV the Uned Stat by Race/EthnicyRisk by sexual orientatnHIV and Ain Amerin Gay and Bisexual MenHIV and Hispanic/Lato Gay and Bisexual MenFor more rmatn about the risk for different groups of people, see CDC’s HIV by Group, HIV the Uned Stat and Depennt Areas and HIV the Uned Stat by Ryan Whe HIV/AIDS Program and Racial and Ethnic MoryThe Health Rourc and Servic Admistratn’s (HRSA) Ryan Whe HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) provis a prehensive system of HIV primary medil re, meditns, and sential support servic for low-e people wh HIV who are unsured and unrserved.

HIV AND AIN AMERIN GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

Social and stctural issu—such as HIV stigma, homophobia, discrimatn, poverty, and limed accs to high-qualy health re—fluence health out and ntue to drive equi.

CANCER FACTS FOR GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN

Get the latt data on HIV among gay and bisexual men and fd out how CDC is makg a difference.

This web ntent the term gay and bisexual men to reprent gay, bisexual, and other men who reported male-to-male sexual ntact.

This article tak a closer look at the CDC fdgs and outl the var factors ntributg to the exceptnally high risk of HIV gay and bisexual Black men the Uned Stat. This not only clus creasg treatment accs for at-risk muni but also overg barriers to HIV ttg (cludg HIV stigma and homophobia). This n send gay and bisexual men to hidg for fear of disclosure of not only their HIV stat but their sexual orientatn as well.