Search-In</tle><sc>Created wh Sketch.</sc><g id="Events-Dktop-Redl" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-1106.000000, -311.000000)" fill="#8A8A8A" fill-le="nonzero" id="Search-In"><path d="M1116.72041,320.433962 L1116.04288,320.433962 L1115.80274,320.202401 C1116.64322,319.2247 1117.14923,317.955403 1117.14923,316.574614 C1117.14923,313.495712 1114.65352,311 1111.57461,311 C1108.49571,311 1106,313.495712 1106,316.574614 C1106,319.653516 1108.49571,322.149228 1111.57461,322.149228 C1112.9554,322.149228 1114.2247,321.643225 1115.2024,320.802744 L1115.43396,321.042882 L1115.43396,321.720412 L1119.72213,326 L1121,324.722127 L1116.72041,320.433962 Z M1111.57461,320.433962 C1109.43911,320.433962 1107.71527,318.71012 1107.71527,316.574614 C1107.71527,314.439108 1109.43911,312.715266 1111.57461,312.715266 C1113.71012,312.715266 1115.43396,314.439108 1115.43396,316.574614 C1115.43396,318.71012 1113.71012,320.433962 1111.57461,320.433962 Z"></path></g></g></svg></button></form></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Men"><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">News</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/polics"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Polics</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/science"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Science</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tnnews"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Edutn</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/hog"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Hog</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/immigratn"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Immigratn</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/crimaljtice"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Crimal Jtice</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/silinvalley"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Silin Valley</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/fom"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Fom</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/liforniareport"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">The California Report</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Arts & Culture</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/thedolist"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Crics’ Picks</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/artsmentary"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Cultural Commentary</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/food"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Food & Drk</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/bayareahiphop"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Bay Area Hip-Hop</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/rebelgirls"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Rebel Girls</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/artsvios"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Arts Vio</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Podsts</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/baycur"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Bay Cur</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/rightnowish"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Rightnowish</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/thebay"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">The Bay</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/onourwatch"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">On Our Watch</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/mdshift"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Mdshift</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/nsirthis"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Consir This</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/polilbreakdown"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Polil Breakdown</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/rad"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Live Rad</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tv"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">TV</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/events"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Events</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tn"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">For Edutors</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/support"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Support KQED</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/about"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">About</span></a><a href=" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" to=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Help Center</span></a></div></ul></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Socials"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Ins"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_InsText">KQED is a proud member of</span><svg width="29px" height="10px" viewBox="0 0 29 10" versn="1.1" xmlns=" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Ins_NPR"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-1161.000000, -810.000000)" fill="#231F20"><g transform="translate(1161.000000, 810.000000)"><path d="M0,9.95549326 L28.9906686,9.95549326 L28.9906686,0 L0,0 L0,9.95549326 Z M19.4831387,9.52669557 L28.5617592,9.52669557 L28.5617592,0.428853565 L19.4831387,0.428853565 L19.4831387,9.52669557 Z M9.95621965,9.52669557 L19.0348401,9.52669557 L19.0348401,0.428853565 L9.95621965,0.428853565 L9.95621965,9.52669557 Z M0.428909441,9.52669557 L9.52742197,9.52669557 L9.52742197,0.428853565 L0.428909441,0.428853565 L0.428909441,9.52669557 Z"></path><g id="Group-8" transform="translate(2.905588, 2.468017)"><path d="M1.17665684,1.49396936 C1.28343719,1.35545106 1.43206917,1.23811002 1.62193815,1.14485183 C1.81180713,1.05086724 1.99055665,1.0037632 2.15779557,1.0037632 C2.51987649,1.0037632 2.78076474,1.09953584 2.94018092,1.28985183 C3.09993237,1.48100597 3.17983603,1.78357823 3.17983603,2.19863025 L3.17983603,5.00950694 L4.31899403,5.00950694 L4.31899403,2.01870732 C4.31899403,1.39735857 4.15052582,0.91201368 3.81487457,0.565298844 C3.47927919,0.216963584 3.02047572,0.0434105973 2.44086686,0.0434105973 C1.83600173,0.0434105973 1.37876281,0.222663006 1.06881484,0.581391329 L0.858942004,0.125940462 L0.0381693642,0.125940462 L0.0381693642,5.00950694 L1.17665684,5.00950694 L1.17665684,1.49396936 Z"></path><path d="M10.5991312,1.33561484 C10.8107921,1.12412158 11.053241,1.0171736 11.3262545,1.0171736 C11.8499867,1.0171736 12.2259809,1.13496166 12.4533432,1.37003487 C12.6800349,1.60482871 12.7936881,2.00993468 12.7936881,2.58641445 C12.7936881,3.12540096 12.6791408,3.52044913 12.4509405,3.7704973 C12.2218461,4.02004258 11.8454607,4.14548574 11.3217285,4.14548574 C11.0459212,4.14548574 10.8047574,4.06211773 10.5991312,3.89526994 L10.5991312,1.33561484 Z M10.5991312,4.89116012 C10.8940484,5.03364566 11.22048,5.10578247 11.5794877,5.10578247 C12.3243239,5.10578247 12.9114202,4.89009846 13.3422854,4.45850694 C13.7723682,4.02780944 13.9869347,3.41165723 13.9869347,2.61368227 C13.9869347,0.90055896 13.209243,0.0434105973 11.6525744,0.0434105973 C11.2357902,0.0434105973 10.8846052,0.180587861 10.5991312,0.453657225 L10.5991312,0.125940462 L9.45980559,0.125940462 L9.45980559,6.34361869 L10.5991312,6.34361869 L10.5991312,4.89116012 Z"></path><path d="M20.7841603,2.23924701 C20.7841603,1.89404085 20.8855765,1.60214104 21.0898617,1.36276532 C21.2940909,1.1233896 21.5277114,1.00375761 21.79022,1.00375761 C22.0324455,1.00375761 22.2543877,1.06779229 22.4572759,1.19591753 L22.9379272,0.221148748 C22.7323568,0.10274605 22.4357634,0.0434050096 22.0493202,0.0434050096 C21.5229618,0.0434050096 21.1015399,0.226233526 20.7841603,0.592505202 L20.7841603,0.125934875 L19.6450582,0.125934875 L19.6450582,5.00950135 L20.7841603,5.00950135 L20.7841603,2.23924701 Z"></path></g></g></g></g></svg><svg versn="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="223 234 346 144" width="59px"><g><path fill="#2638C4" d="M367,306c0,39.8-32.2,72-72,72c-39.8,0-72-32.2-72-72c0-39.8,32.2-72,72-72C334.8,234,367,266.2,367,306"></path><g><path fill="#2638C4" d="M547.4,298c-7.9-4.1-14.2-7.4-14.2-13.7c0-4.5,3.8-7.2,10.3-7.2c7.6,0,14.4,2.5,19.6,5.6v-16.3 c-5.4-2.3-12.9-4.3-19.6-4.3c-19,0-27.5,11.3-27.5,23.6c0,14.4,9.7,21.3,20.3,26.9c10.5,5.6,14.5,8,14.5,14c0,5.1-4.4,8-11.8,8 c-10.3,0-17.5-4.7-22.3-8.5l0,17.3c4.4,3.1,13.9,6.8,22.1,6.8c18.4,0,30.1-9.6,30.1-25.1C569,308.9,555.3,302.1,547.4,298z"></path><path fill="#2638C4" d="M406.8,262.8H384v86.4h17v-27.5h3.4c21.3,0,34.5-11.3,34.5-29.5C439,273.8,427,262.8,406.8,262.8z M401,277.2 h5c10,0,16.4,5.8,16.4,14.7c0,9.7-5.9,15.2-16.3,15.2H401V277.2z"></path><path fill="#2638C4" d="M493.3,302.7c5.8-4,8.6-9.9,8.6-17.8c0-13.6-10-22.1-26.2-22.1h-26.4v86.4h27.5c21.1,0,30.7-13.6,30.7-26.2 C507.6,313.1,502.1,305.4,493.3,302.7z M474.4,277.4c6.7,0,11,4.1,11,10.6c0,6.5-4.7,10.7-11.9,10.7h-7.2v-21.2H474.4z M466.3,334.8v-22.6h10.8c8.6,0,13.7,4.2,13.7,11.2c0,7.5-5.1,11.3-15.3,11.3H466.3z"></path></g><g><g><path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M347.5,306.7l-8,1.6v14.8c0,5-4.1,8.9-9.4,8.9H326v17.2h-13.2V332h4.1c5.3,0,9.4-4,9.4-8.9v-14.8l8-1.6 c1.7-0.4,2.6-2.3,1.8-3.8l-21-40.1h13.1l21,40.1C350.1,304.4,349.2,306.4,347.5,306.7z"></path></g><path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M320.5,302.9l-21-40.1h-21.7c-19.7,0-36.5,16.1-36,35.9c0.3,14.7,9.8,25.7,23,29.9v20.6h32.4V332h4.1 c5.3,0,9.4-4,9.4-8.9v-14.8l8-1.6C320.5,306.4,321.4,304.4,320.5,302.9z M293.3,300.6c-4.5,0-8.2-3.7-8.2-8.2s3.7-8.2,8.2-8.2 c4.5,0,8.2,3.7,8.2,8.2S297.8,300.6,293.3,300.6z"></path></g></g></svg></div><div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log__megaMenu"><span class=""><svg class="in in-log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In__megaMenu" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" versn="1.1" xmlns="><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-931.000000, -271.000000)" fill="#404040" fill-le="nonzero"><g transform="translate(931.000000, 271.000000)"><path d="M10,0 C4.48,0 0,4.48 0,10 C0,15.52 4.48,20 10,20 C15.52,20 20,15.52 20,10 C20,4.48 15.52,0 10,0 Z M10,3 C11.66,3 13,4.34 13,6 C13,7.66 11.66,9 10,9 C8.34,9 7,7.66 7,6 C7,4.34 8.34,3 10,3 Z M10,17.2 C7.5,17.2 5.29,15.92 4,13.98 C4.03,11.99 8,10.9 10,10.9 C11.99,10.9 15.97,11.99 16,13.98 C14.71,15.92 12.5,17.2 10,17.2 Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></span><span tabx="0" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk__megaMenu">Sign In</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Items"><a class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Logo" href="/"><svg class="logo logo-kqed" viewBox="0 0 99 31" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>KQED</tle><g fill="none"><path fill="#FFF" d="M6.988 13.215l-3.615 3.688v9.036H0V0h3.373v12.662L15.423 0h4.155l-10.3 10.757L20 26h-4.096M56.41 14.226v8.647H71V26H53V0h17.522v3.19H56.35v7.848h12.258v3.188"></path><path class="highlight" d="M47.866 13.69C47.866 6.27 41.68.223 34.232.223 26.72.223 20.534 6.27 20.534 13.69c0 7.42 6.123 13.53 13.698 13.53 2.398 0 4.607-.623 6.564-1.683l4.23 5.175 2.65-2.12-4.103-5.05c2.65-2.432 4.293-5.986 4.293-9.852zm-23.86.063c0-5.55 4.608-10.1 10.226-10.1 5.617 0 10.225 4.55 10.288 10.1 0 5.55-4.608 10.1-10.225 10.1-5.618 0-10.29-4.614-10.29-10.1z" fill="#fff"></path><path d="M99 13.03C99 6.856 94.732 0 85.144 0H75v26h10.144C93.742 26.06 99 19.762 99 13.03zM78.588 3.274h5.876c7.423 0 10.763 4.508 10.763 9.82 0 3.273-1.98 9.82-10.578 9.82h-6.062V3.272z" fill="#FFF"></path></g></svg></a><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Tagle">Inform. Inspire. Involve.</div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Post"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-SaveArticle-___SaveArticle__SaveArticle"><a href="#" tabx="0"><svg class="in ponents-NextHear-ponents-SaveArticle-___SaveArticle__SaveArticle_In" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Save Article</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g><polygon pots="0 0 24 0 24 24 0 24"></polygon><path d="M19,3 L5,3 L5,21 L12,18 L19,21 L19,3 Z M17,18 L12,15.82 L7,18 L7,5 L17,5 L17,18 Z" fill="#fff" fill-le="nonzero"></path></g></g></svg></a><span>Save Article</span></div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Log"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log"><span class=""><svg class="in in-log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" versn="1.1" xmlns="><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-931.000000, -271.000000)" fill="whe" fill-le="nonzero"><g transform="translate(931.000000, 271.000000)"><path d="M10,0 C4.48,0 0,4.48 0,10 C0,15.52 4.48,20 10,20 C15.52,20 20,15.52 20,10 C20,4.48 15.52,0 10,0 Z M10,3 C11.66,3 13,4.34 13,6 C13,7.66 11.66,9 10,9 C8.34,9 7,7.66 7,6 C7,4.34 8.34,3 10,3 Z M10,17.2 C7.5,17.2 5.29,15.92 4,13.98 C4.03,11.99 8,10.9 10,10.9 C11.99,10.9 15.97,11.99 16,13.98 C14.71,15.92 12.5,17.2 10,17.2 Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></span><span tabx="0" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk">Sign In</span></div></div></div></div></div><div id="navBar" class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav"><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__gradient"></div><nav class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav_Inner"><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav_PageMenu"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__wrap"><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav unfed"><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="0"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Arts & Culture</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="1"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/thedolist"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Crics’ Picks</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="2"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/artsmentary"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Cultural Commentary</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="3"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/food"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Food & Drk</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="4"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/bayareahiphop"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Bay Area Hip-Hop</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="5"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/rebelgirls"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Rebel Girls</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="6"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/artsvios"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Arts Vio</span></a></li><div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_ItemUnrle" style="left:0;width:0;transn-property:all"></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_DropdownBg" style="width:240px;height:0;marg-top:10px;transn-property:all"></div></ul></div></div></nav></div></hear><d id="kqed-d-player" preload="none" src="></d><ma class="page-ma" id="ma-ntent"><div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-___PostView__postView"><div><div id="scrollarts_13930323"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__wrap rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__wrap__first"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__ntaer ntaer"><article class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Column rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__lumn__Standard"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Tle"><div><div class="ponents-Label-___Label__postLabel"><a class="ponents-Label-___Label__tegoryLabel" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-Label-___Label__tegoryLabel_Text">Arts & Culture</span></a></div><h1 class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostTle-___PostTle__tle">5 Historic San Francis Gay Bars We Wish Still Existed</h1></div></div><div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostListen-___PostListen__articleListen"><button class="ponents-ListenButton-___ListenButton__listen rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostListen-___PostListen__listenButton"><svg class="in in-playCircle ponents-ListenButton-___ListenButton__listen_In" viewBox="0 0 45 45" versn="1.1" xmlns="><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-184.000000, -4983.000000)"><g transform="translate(184.000000, 4983.000000)"><path class="circle" d="M22.5,0 C34.9271341,0 45,10.0728659 45,22.5 C45,34.9271341 34.9271341,45 22.5,45 C10.0728659,45 0,34.9271341 0,22.5 C0,10.0728659 10.0728659,0 22.5,0 Z" id="Shape" fill="#EC0046"></path><polygon class="symbol" fill="#FFFFFF" pots="17 12 17 33.1342308 34.1086631 22.5671154"></polygon></g></g></g></svg><span class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostListen-___PostListen__articleListen_Label">Listen</span></button></div></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Info"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Authors"><span class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__thors"><span class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__thor"><a href="/thor/ralexandra"><span>Rae Alexandra</span></a><a class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__twter" tle="Rae Alexandra on Twter" href="><svg class="in in-twter unfed" xmlns=" viewBox="0 0 23 18" height="18px" width="23px"><path class="lor" fill="#dadada" d="M22.357 2.718c-.827.338-1.654.592-2.574.676a4.6 4.6 0 002.023-2.281c-.92.507-1.839.845-2.85 1.014-.827-.845-2.022-1.352-3.31-1.352-2.481 0-4.504 1.859-4.504 4.14 0 .338 0 .676.092.93-3.86-.17-7.17-1.86-9.376-4.394a3.586 3.586 0 00-.644 2.112c0 1.436.828 2.704 2.023 3.464-.736 0-1.471-.169-2.023-.507v.085c0 2.027 1.563 3.717 3.585 4.055-.367.085-.735.17-1.195.17-.275 0-.551 0-.827-.085.552 1.69 2.206 2.872 4.229 2.872a9.724 9.724 0 01-5.608 1.774c-.368 0-.735 0-1.103-.084a13.705 13.705 0 006.895 1.859c8.365 0 12.87-6.337 12.87-11.829V4.83c.919-.591 1.654-1.351 2.297-2.112z"></path></svg></a></span></span></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Date"><time class="ponents-DateFormatted-___DateFormatted__dateTime" dateTime="2023-06-18T19:08:55.000Z">Jun 18</time></div><sectn class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticleWrap rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_SavePost"><div class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle__unsaved"><a href="#" tabx="0"><svg class="in ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle_In" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Save Article</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><polygon pots="0 0 24 0 24 24 0 24"></polygon><path class="lor" d="M19,3 L5,3 L5,21 L12,18 L19,21 L19,3 Z M17,18 L12,15.8 L7,18 L7,5 L17,5 L17,18 Z" fill="#636363" fill-le="nonzero"></path><polygon class="lor" fill="#fff" pots="17 18 12 15.8 7 18 7 5 17 5"></polygon></g></svg></a>Save Article</div><div class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__savedArticle ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__savedArticle__unsaved"><h2>Failed to save article</h2><p>Please try aga</p></div></sectn><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Spacer"></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Social"><ul class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social__morn"><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Facebook</span><svg class="in in-facebook ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareFacebook-___ShareFacebook__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-FB</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-558.000000, -239.000000)"><g transform="translate(559.000000, 240.000000)"><ellipse class="circle" stroke="#939393" stroke-width="0.9" fill="#ffffff" fill-le="nonzero" cx="15.2586868" cy="15" rx="15.2586868" ry="15"></ellipse><path class="symbol" d="M13.6388196,22 L13.6181818,15.1818182 L11,15.1818182 L11,12.4545455 L13.6181818,12.4545455 L13.6181818,10.75 C13.6181818,8.2195 15.1225367,7 17.2896189,7 C18.3276756,7 19.2198276,7.08050227 19.4798262,7.11648864 L19.4798262,9.76100909 L17.9768393,9.76171818 C16.7982582,9.76171818 16.5700575,10.3450955 16.5700575,11.2011659 L16.5700575,12.4545455 L20,12.4545455 L18.6909091,15.1818182 L16.5700575,15.1818182 L16.5700575,22 L13.6388196,22 Z" id="Mask" fill="#939393"></path></g></g></g></svg><span></span></a></li><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a href=" class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Twter</span><svg class="in in-twter ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareTwter-___ShareTwter__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-Twter</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-603.000000, -239.000000)"><g transform="translate(604.000000, 240.000000)"><ellipse class="circle" stroke="#939393" stroke-width="0.9" fill="#ffffff" fill-le="nonzero" cx="15.2586868" cy="15" rx="15.2586868" ry="15"></ellipse><path class="symbol" d="M23.9008621,10.400522 C23.3045797,10.6440911 22.7082974,10.8267678 22.0457615,10.8876601 C22.7082974,10.5223065 23.2383261,9.91338392 23.5033405,9.24356905 C22.8408046,9.60892261 22.1782687,9.85249166 21.4494792,9.97427618 C20.8531968,9.36535357 19.9919001,9 19.0643499,9 C17.2755029,9 15.8179239,10.3396298 15.8179239,11.9837208 C15.8179239,12.2272899 15.8179239,12.4708589 15.8841774,12.6535357 C13.1015266,12.5317512 10.7163973,11.3139059 9.12631106,9.48713809 C8.7950431,9.97427618 8.66253592,10.4614143 8.66253592,11.0094446 C8.66253592,12.0446131 9.25881825,12.957997 10.1201149,13.5060274 C9.59008621,13.5060274 9.06005747,13.3842428 8.66253592,13.1406738 C8.66253592,13.1406738 8.66253592,13.1406738 8.66253592,13.201566 C8.66253592,14.6629803 9.78884698,15.8808255 11.246426,16.1243946 C10.9814116,16.1852869 10.7163973,16.2461791 10.3851293,16.2461791 C10.1863685,16.2461791 9.98760776,16.2461791 9.78884698,16.1852869 C10.1863685,17.4031321 11.3789332,18.2556237 12.8365122,18.2556237 C11.7102011,19.0472231 10.3188757,19.5343612 8.7950431,19.5343612 C8.53002874,19.5343612 8.26501437,19.5343612 8,19.473469 C9.45757902,20.3259606 11.1801724,20.8130987 12.9690194,20.8130987 C18.9980963,20.8130987 22.2445223,16.2461791 22.2445223,12.2881821 L22.2445223,11.9228286 C22.9070582,11.4965827 23.4370869,10.9485524 23.9008621,10.400522 Z" id="Mask" fill="#939393"></path></g></g></g></svg><span></span></a></li><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a href="mailto:?subject=Check%20out%20this%20article%20om%20KQED&body=%2Farts%2F13930323%2Fsan-ancis-gay-bars-history-silver-rail-feb-black-t" class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Email</span><svg class="in in-email ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareEmail-___ShareEmail__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-Email

gay san francisco history

An iative by the Natnal Park Service and lol guis give an overview of unrappreciated s that helped shape San Francis’s gay muny, and the natn’s.

Contents:

UNVERG GAY HISTORY SAN FRANCIS

Des of pa and perseverance San Francis's gay muny fally led to vditn the Bay Area and across the natn. This is a timele of historil events. * gay san francisco history *

The California Supreme Court l that gays have the right to assemble, leadg to a proliferatn of gay bars and eventually the formatn of social and polil groups San Francis’s gay muny. This photo is of the sprawlg La Galleria ndomiums on the rner of Bh and Taylor streets on Thursday June 20, 2013, the se of the raid at the gay nightclub.

While the relaxatn rooms, snas and a seclud ck for nu sunbathg were all gone, somehow the bathhoe’s spir liv Flaherty for The New York TimWhen one thks of gay San Francis, this isn’t ually what to md.

But the Natnal Park Service has started a lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr history iative, mappg out dozens of hidn gems like Osento San Francis and other plac wh unacknowledged ti to gay culture. I cid to e the Natnal Park Service survey map — and a gui — to go search of the and other nearly visible landmarks to get a better unrstandg of the Bay Area’s unherald gay tour started at the Rosie the Riveter WWII Home Front Natnal Historil Park Richmond, Calif., on the eastern shore of San Francis Bay.

THE GAY TRAVELER’S GUI TO SAN FRANCIS

* gay san francisco history *

The shift was so formative for the gay muny that the mm is seekg to clu lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr stori permanent exhibn mak clear that while the fense dtry employed women huge numbers — 12 ln 1941 and 18 ln by 1944 — there were still others whose liv were siarly shiftg amid war and discrimatn.

’ ”The next morng, I was joed by Donna Grav, a public historian who, together wh her lleague Shayne Watson, has studied the Bay Area’s gay historic s and has worked wh the Park Service sce 1999. She offered to gui me around the Tenrlo and peel back the layers, as she put , of the district’s rich gay Grav and I head for the Tenrlo, which today has a smatterg of attractively refurbished buildgs but mostly is not easy on the ey.

5 HISTORIC SAN FRANCIS GAY BARS WE WISH STILL EXISTED

If San Francis is on your gay travel erary, this gui will tell you everythg you need to know about s famo LGBTQ events and tablishments. * gay san francisco history *

Built around 1911 and listed today on the Natnal Register of Historic Plac, the Ambassador was managed by Henry Wilson, a lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr activist, om 1978 until 1996, when he left to re for his dyg parents. In the early 1960s, when he was Gli’s pastor, he was a pivotal figure llg for cln and tolerance, and he still is; he helped form the Council on Relign and the Homosexual, a muny anizatn, and his work has been praised by Maya Angelou and Bill Clton. One display foc on the Compton’s Cafeteria rts, placg the Tenrlo at the epicenter of San Francis’s nascent gay rights sendg me off to Valencia Street, Ms.

As we s down this year to figure out where to dance the weekend away, let’s take a moment to remember the San Francis gay bars of yore — the foundatns on which our current venu were built, and the plac that went to battle wh the cy so future generatns wouldn’t have to.

LATVIA BE 7TH NATN TO BE LED BY AN OPENLY GAY HEAD OF STATE

As you refully pick your venue for this year's Pri celebratns, a mute to remember some foundatnal SF gay bars. * gay san francisco history *

The cisg and htlg that had been happeng the streets for at least a started movg si when the first gay bars — the College Inn and the Pirat’ Cave —arrived 1933 wh the end of prohibn.

Dpe beg a relative lateer to the downtown gay scene (which was nicknamed “the Meat Rack, ” cintally), the Silver Rail was a notor dive om day one.

LOOKBACK: WHAT GAY LIFE WAS LIKE SAN FRANCIS 1976

As Edgars Rkēvičs be the first openly gay print Latvia’s history, here’s a glimpse at other openly gay heads of state om around the world. * gay san francisco history *

In 1952, a man named Jimmie Taranto succsfully extorted money om the bar manager exchange for not reportg the rampant homosexual activy takg place the jot.

GAY SAN FRANCIS: LOST FILM, 1965-1970

San Francis was the first cy to elect an openly gay man to public office. The Castro district gave birth to the LGBT civil rights movement. LGBT... * gay san francisco history *

When Geist and Kissger first opened the bar, they hired artist Mike Caffee to make them a versn of Michaelangelo’s famo sculpture, transformed to a gay biker. Once scribed by Allen Gsberg as the “greatt gay bar Ameri, ” the Black Cat Café started life 1933 as a hangout for bohemians, jt doors away om where the Transameri Pyramid currently stands. Gsberg once mented: “It was totally open … Everybody went there, heterosexual and homosexual … All the gay screamg queens would e, the heterosexual gray flannel su typ, longshoremen.

” When Stouman had his liquor license fely revoked 1949 bee “persons of known homosexual tennci patronized said premis and ed said premis as a meetg place, ” Stouman fought back — all the way to California’s Supreme Court. A number of people were arrted [at the Black Cat], some for vagrancy and some bee they ‘monstrated homosexual actns, ’ but there was no showg that any of those arrted were nvicted.

SF GAY HISTORY

There was no evince of any illegal or immoral nduct on the premis … The patronage of a public rtrant and bar by homosexuals … whout proof of the missn of illegal or immoral acts on the premis … is not sufficient to show a vlatn. What was, until 2018, San Francis’s olst ntuoly survivg gay bar had ma through Prohibn, anti-LGBTQ+ legislatn and the AIDs crisis — an astonishg n that end unceremonly after a simple liquor license transfer. Latvia swore the first openly gay print of a Baltic natn Rkēvičs, who sce 2011 was the untry’s foreign mister, was elected by Parliament May after Print Egils Levs did not seek re-electn.

She is thought to be the first openly gay prime mister the was an active unnist her nearly 10 years workg as a flight attendant, acrdg to the Council of Women World Lears, a work of female heads of state. ”Xavier Bettel Prime Mister of Luxembourg (2013-prent)Luxembourg Prime Mister Xavier Bettel at a news nference Belgra, Serbia, on July Vojovic / APBettel was first elected prime mister of Luxembourg 2013, and 2018 he beme the first openly gay prime mister the world to be re-elected for a send marriage beme legal Luxembourg 2015, and the same year Bettel beme the first servg European Unn lear to marry a same-sex partner, the BBC recently cricized a Hungarian law that bans school tnal materials and TV shows for people unr 18 that are emed to promote LGBTQ ntent, Rters reported.

“To be natnally blamed, to be nsired as not normal, to be nsired as a danger for young people — ’s not realizg that beg gay is not a choice, ” Bettel said, acrdg to Rters. “Hopefully this will blow over three or four days, and then I won’t be known as the gay mister, ” she told The Associated Prs at the Varadkar Prime Mister of Ireland (2017-20, 2022-prent)Irish Prime Mister Leo Varadkar Bssels on June 30. From 1942 to 1943, ary patrols known as the San Francis Moral Drive targeted and raid the gay bars of San Francis, claimg to be protectg servicemen om homosexuals.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY

Gay San Francis: Lost Film, 1965-1970 — Tenrlo Mm .

TOP