Lbian and gay parentg: Theoretil and nceptual examatns

Contents:

• GAY PARENTS TO BE
• LBIAN AND GAY PARENTG
• ‘A FAY LIKE OURS’: PORTRAS OF GAY FATHERHOOD
• MOVG PORTRAS OF GAY FATHERS WH THEIR FAI ACROSS AMERI
• GROWG UP WH GAY PARENTS: WHAT IS THE BIG AL?*
• GAY PARENTS RAISG KIDS: HOW WILL THEY FARE?

GAY PARENTS TO BE

Photograph by Gianni Cipriano, RxTravelGay travelers n face unique challeng—but the clive statns are worth the ’s a great big world out there, and as gay fai ntue to grow number—about 3 ln children the Uned Stat have an LGBTQ parent—so do the list of plac welg them wh open global statns are even planng specific programs to take advantage of the growg gay fay travel market, says a recent study by the Internatnal LGBTQ+ Travel Associatn (IGLTA).

LBIAN AND GAY PARENTG

GaysWhKids Amy is the world's only app created specifilly to help te gay and queer men about their fay-buildg Amy also offers an array of tnal rourc, assistance wh mentor matchg (troducg hopeful fathers wh experienced dads who have traveled the same path) and nnectg parents-to-be wh vetted fay-buildg partners to gui their adoptn, foster to adopt, surrogacy and IVF Amy enrolle are also eligible for disunts om their exclive work of surrogacy and IVF fay-buildg partners! Manchter Avenue is quickly revivg self as an LGBTQ+ hotspot, and there are a few neighborhoods that are maly known for beg welg to gay-fai, cludg The Grove is a boutique and very stylized neighborhood full of ol storeonts and newly rehabbed hom that are perfect for fai.

‘A FAY LIKE OURS’: PORTRAS OF GAY FATHERHOOD

Province also has a wi range of home typ available om micro-apartments, which uld be great for a newlywed uple to sprawlg eight-bedroom mansns wh affordable three and four-bedroom hom that n be snagged for ls than $200, Cabos, CaliforniaLos Cabos is one of the most gay-iendly areas and is a hotspot for LGBTQ+ tourists. Tempelhof-Schoneberg is known as the gay hub of Berl wh many gay clubs and bars, as well as formers hom of ins such as David average home price Berl is ls than $300, 000 and the town is known for havg a very affordable st of livg pared to the rt of metropolan, SpaMadrid is home to the largt gay intifyg populatn the world and is often referred to as the gay pal of Europe. Madrid is also one of the most affordable European ci to live , wh many retire on a budget also flockg here to live out their liv, UKWhile the polics of the Uned Kgdom may be polarizg, London is a well known gay-iendly cy wh several neighborhoods that are progrsive wh a loud and proud LGBTQ+ scene.

MOVG PORTRAS OF GAY FATHERS WH THEIR FAI ACROSS AMERI

Unlike heterosexual parents and their children, however, lbian and gay parents and their children are often subject to prejudice bee of their sexual orientatn that n turn judg, legislators, profsnals, and the public agast them, sometim rultg negative out, such as loss of physil ctody, rtrictns on visatn, and prohibns agast adoptn (ACLU Lbian and Gay Rights Project, 2002; Appell, 2003; Patterson, Fulcher, & Waright, 2002).

GROWG UP WH GAY PARENTS: WHAT IS THE BIG AL?*

The relevance of this cricism has been greatly rced as rearch has expand to explore life a wir array of lbian mother and gay father fai (many of which have never lived through the divorce of a heterosexual uple), and as newer studi beg to clu a wir array of ntrol groups. An expert readg of the Sarantakos article reveals that certa characteristics of s methodology and sample are highly likely to have skewed the rults and renred them an valid ditor of the well-beg of children raised by gay and lbian parents at least three rpects:. The children raised by gay and lbian parents experienced unually high levels of extreme social ostracism and overt hostily om other children and parents, which probably acunted for the former's lower levels of teractn and social tegratn wh peers (see pp.

GAY PARENTS RAISG KIDS: HOW WILL THEY FARE?

Some nonscientific anizatns have attempted to nvce urts that there is an actual scientific dispute this area by cg rearch performed by Pl Cameron as supportg the existence of fics gay and lbian parents or their children pared to heterosexual parents or their children. Three ncerns have historilly been associated wh judicial cisn makg ctody ligatn and public polici erng foster re and adoptn: the belief that lbians and gay men are mentally ill, that lbians are ls maternal than heterosexual women, and that lbians' and gay men's relatnships wh sexual partners leave ltle time for ongog parent-child teractns (ACLU Lbian and Gay Rights Project, 2002; Falk, 1989, 1994; Patterson et al., 2002; Patterson & Reddg, 1996). Many years ago, the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn removed "homosexualy" om s list of mental disorrs, statg that "homosexualy per se impli no impairment judgment, stabily, reliabily, or general social or votnal pabili" (Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, 1974).

The cisn to remove homosexual orientatn om the list of mental disorrs reflects extensive rearch nducted over three s showg that homosexual orientatn is not a psychologil maladjtment (Gonsrek, 1991; Hart, Roback, Ttler, Wez, Walston, & McKee, 1978; Reiss, 1980). There is no reliable evince that homosexual orientatn per se impairs psychologil functng, although the social and other circumstanc which lbians and gay men live, cludg exposure to wispread prejudice and discrimatn, often e acute distrs (Cochran, 2001; Freedman, 1971; Gonsrek, 1991; Hart et al., 1978; Hooker, 1957; Meyer, 2003; Reiss, 1980). Beliefs that lbian and gay adults are not f parents likewise have no empiril foundatn (Anrssen, Amlie, & Ytteroy, 2002; Brewaeys & van Hall, 1997; Parks, 1998; Patterson, 2000; Patterson & Chan, 1996; Perr, 2002; Stacey & Biblarz, 2001; Tasker, 1999; Victor & Fish, 1995).

A recent study of 256 lbian and gay parent fai found that, ntrast to patterns characterizg the majory of Amerin parents, very few lbian and gay parents reported any e of physil punishment (such as spankg) as a disciplary technique; stead, they were likely to report e of posive techniqu such as reasong (Johnson & O'Connor, 2002). Certaly, rearch has found no reasons to believe lbian mothers or gay fathers to be unf parents (Armto, 2002; Barret & Robson, 1990; Bigner & Bozett, 1990; Bigner & Jabsen, 1989a, 1989b; Bos et al., 2003, 2004; Bozett, 1980, 1989; Patterson, 1997; Patterson & Chan, 1996; Sbordone, 1993; Tasker & Golombok, 1997; Victor & Fish, 1995; Wton, 1991). For stance, one such ncern is that children brought up by lbian mothers or gay fathers will show disturbanc genr inty and/or genr role behavr (Falk, 1989, 1994; Hchens & Kirkpatrick, 1985; Kleber, Howell, & Tibbs-Kleber, 1986; Patterson et al., 2002; Patterson & Reddg, 1996).