Kev Maxen be first male ach a US men’s pro sports league to publicly e out as gay | CNN

Contents:

• VOGUE LOUNGE OPENG SOON AT STONEWALL SE. LEHIGH VALLEY WILL ONCE AGA HAVE A GAY BAR.
• KEV MAXEN BE FIRST MALE ACH A US MEN’S PROFSNAL SPORTS LEAGUE TO PUBLICLY E OUT AS GAY
• THE STONEWALL RTS: WHAT REALLY HAPPENED, WHAT DIDN’T, AND WHAT BEME MYTHSTONEWALL 50PHOTO ILLTRATN BY SARAH ROGERS/THE DAILY BEAST / PHOTOS GETTYWAS THERE A FIRST BRICK? DO MATTER? HISTORIANS OF THE STONEWALL RTS TALK ABOUT WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE HISTORIC LGBT PROTTS LATE JUNE 1969—AND THEIR NTUED MYSTERY.GION GDOFORMER COMMERCE CONTENT STRATEGISTUPDATED NOV. 20, 2019 12:07PM EST / PUBLISHED JUN. 15, 2019 11:06PM EDT IN A FEW WEEKS, WILL HAVE BEEN 50 YEARS—HALF A CENTURY—SCE THE STONEWALL RTS 1969 FUELED A FIRE OF LGBT RISTANCE THAT’S BEEN CELEBRATED EVERY SGLE YEAR SCE. LATE ON A FRIDAY NIGHT THE SUMMER OF 1969 (TECHNILLY A SATURDAY MORNG AROUND 1 A.M.), A “SERI OF VLENT PROTTS AND STREET MONSTRATNS” FLARED UP OUTSI THE STONEWALL INN, AN ILLEGAL GAY BAR NEW YORK CY'S GREENWICH VILLAGE. SO SUMMARIZ DAVID CARTER STONEWALL: THE RTS THAT SPARKED THE GAY REVOLUTN, THE 2004 BOOK NSIRED TO BE THE QUTSENTIAL GUI TO STONEWALL. THE RTS SPANNED SIX DAYS AND CLUD THREE NIGHTS OF SO-LLED RTG BETWEEN POLICE AND A DIVERSE MUNY OF LGBTQ+ PROTTERS. ON THE FIRST NIGHT, THE SAME POLICE THAT HAD SHOWN UP TO HARASS PATRONS, ARRT A FEW GAY PEOPLE, AND LLECT SOME SH, WERE OVERWHELMED. THEY SOON RETREATED TO THE VERY BAR THEY HAD TARGETED AND BARRID THEMSELV SI, WAG FOR RERCEMENTS TO ARRIVE AND FIGHTG OFF A BARRAGE OF S, BRICKS, TRASH NS, AND EVEN A PARKG METER. AFTER HELP ME, PROTTERS WERE FOUGHT OFF, BEATEN, AND A FEW WERE TAKEN . DURG THOSE SIX DAYS, POLICE ARRTED 21 PEOPLE. NO ONE DIED DURG THE RTS—EXCEPT FOR THE STONEWALL INN SELF, WHICH SOON AFTER SHUT DOWN AND REMAED DORMANT FOR S.WH A MATTER OF WEEKS, FALLOUT OM THE RTS TORE THROUGH EXISTG PRO-LGBT, OR— THE LANGUAGE OF THAT ERA—HOMOPHILE, ANIZATNS. TRAILBLAZG RADIL GROUPS FORMED WH UNPRECENTED MANDS FOR EQUALY. FRHLY MTED LGBT MAGAZ POPPED UP, ATTRACTG TENS OF THOANDS OF REARS. POLICE RAIDS NTUED, AS DID THE ABJECT CRIMALY OF QUEERNS, BUT THE BREADTH OF RISTANCE WAS CREASG BY THE HOUR. “BY THE EARLY 1970S, THE NUMBER OF GAY AND LBIAN ANIZATNS SOARED TO NEARLY FOUR HUNDRED,” HISTORIAN AND SCHOLAR ERIC MARC WROTE MAKG GAY HISTORY: THE HALF-CENTURY FIGHT FOR LBIAN AND GAY EQUAL RIGHTS. THE FIRST PRI MARCH (ON WHAT WAS THEN LLED CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATN DAY) ME JT ONE YEAR AFTER THE RTS TO MEMORATE THEM. IT DREW THOANDS ACROSS CI LIKE SAN FRANCIS, NEW YORK, AND LOS ANGEL. PROTTS THOSE SAME CI BEME “MONPLACE,” MARC WROTE, RANGG OM KISS-S AT RTRANTS THAT WOULDN’T SERVE LGBT WOULD-BE PATRONS TO “ON-AIR TERPTNS OF NATNAL NEWS PROGRAMS.” BY 1972, DEMOCRATIC PRINTIAL HOPEFULS “SPOKE FAVORABLY” OF FERAL ANTI-DISCRIMATN PROTECTNS. THE LGBT MOVEMENT HAD PHOENIX-ED NEARLY OVERNIGHT, THE STONEWALL EPISO TODAY WILY NSIRED “THE BIRTH OF THE MORN GAY AND LBIAN POLIL MOVEMENT,” MART DUBERMAN WROTE STONEWALL: THE DEFIVE STORY OF THE LGBTQ RIGHTS UPRISG THAT CHANGED AMERI. FIRST PUBLISHED 1994 (THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RTS), THE BOOK’S SEND EDN WAS RELEASED ON JUNE 4. “MEMORY IS WHAT WE REMEMBER, HOW WE WISH TO REMEMBER , AND HOW WE WISH TO BE REMEMBERED ” ADVERTISEMENT AND YET, THE TAILS OF THE RTS AND WHAT PRECIPATED THEM HAVE BEE, AS CARTER PUTS , “A BONE OF NTENTN BETWEEN VAR DIVIDUALS AND TERT GROUPS WH AND WHOUT THE GAY WORLD.” WHAT KD OF GAY BAR WAS STONEWALL? WHAT WAS A GAY BAR 1969 LIKE, ANYWAY? WHO WENT THERE? WHO DIDN’T? WHO PROTTED? WHO STARTED ? WHO THREW THE FIRST BRICK? WAS THE LNCHG PAD OF THE LGBT E? IS THE SOURCE OF PAL P PRI? AND WHAT THE HELL IS A MORN POLIL MOVEMENT?“THERE WAS NO OMNISCIENT PRENCE LOOKG DOWN AT THE SCENE,” MARC TOLD ME, ADDG THAT THE LARGELY (IF NOT WHOLLY) ANECDOTAL APPROACH TO CIPHERG STONEWALL IS PROBLEMATIC. “MEMORY IS WHAT WE REMEMBER, HOW WE WISH TO REMEMBER , AND HOW WE WISH TO BE REMEMBERED .” AND BIS, DUBERMAN TELLS ME BEFORE LGHG, “EVERYONE WAS STONED.” LGBT AMERICA BEFORE STONEWALLTHE CREATOR AND HOST OF A PODST NAMED AFTER HIS BOOK (WHOSE FIFTH SEASON IS RELEASG THIS MONTH) AND FOUNR OF THE STONEWALL CONSORTIUM, MARC ALSO -CREATED A FACTSHEET THAT ATTEMPTS TO DISPEL SOME OF THE MISNCEPTNS AROUND THE RTS. BEFORE NSIRG THOSE, ’S STCTIVE TO NSIR WHAT LGBT AMERI FACED THE 1960S, WHICH HISTORI LIKE CARTER’S, MARC’, AND OTHERS HELP UNRSTAND. ADVERTISEMENT BEG GAY WAS ILLEGAL OR, TO PUT MORE HARSHLY, A CRIMETHAT WAS THE SE AT THE TIME EVERY STATE EXCEPT ILLOIS AND ULD RULT LIFE PRISON, CARTER TELLS . DIFFERENT STAT HAD VARYG GRE OF PUNISHMENT. IN CALIFORNIA, FOR EXAMPLE, MEN FOUND TO HAVE HAD SEX WH OTHER MEN WERE “GIVEN ELECTRIL AND PHARMALOGIL SHOCK THERAPY, STRATED, AND LOBOTOMIZED.” BY 1961, ANTI-GAY LAWS THE US WERE “HARSHER ON HOMOSEXUALS THAN THOSE CUBA, RSIA, OR EAST GERMANY,” ALL OBJECTS OF AMERIN CRICISM FOR “THEIR SPOTIC WAYS,” CARTER NOT.DURG A LNCH EVENT 2004 FOR CARTER’S TOME ABOUT STONEWALL, THE POLICE OFFICER WHO LED THE STONEWALL RAID THE NIGHT OF THE RTS, THE 89-YEAR-OLD SEYMOUR PE, APOLOGIZED. HE TOLD A CROWD THAT “THE POLICE OF THE ERA WERE BIASED AGAST GAYS,” REPORTED THE VILLAGER. “THEY CERTALY WERE PREJUDICED. THERE WAS NO QUTN ABOUT THAT,” THE ARTICLE QUOT HIM SAYG. “BUT THEY HAD NO IA ABOUT WHAT GAY PEOPLE WERE ABOUT.” PE DIED A FEW YEARS LATER 2010.FIFTEEN YEARS FOLLOWG THAT, AND NEARLY A AFTER PE DIED, THE CURRENT POLICE MISSNER OF THE NYPD JAM P. O’NEILL TOOK A STAB AT HIS OWN APOLOGY EARLIER THIS MONTH, SAYG WHAT HAPPENED “SHOULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED” AND THAT IGNORG THAT FACT DURG WORLD PRI MONTH WOULD BE “IRRPONSIBLE.”“THE ACTNS TAKEN BY THE NYPD WERE WRONG, PLA AND SIMPLE. THE ACTNS AND THE LAWS WERE DISCRIMATORY AND OPPRSIVE, AND FOR THAT, I APOLOGIZE,” O’NEILL TOLD AN DORIUM OF PEOPLE ON THURSDAY, JUNE 6. “I VOW TO THE LGBTQ MUNY THAT THIS WOULD NEVER HAPPEN THE NYPD 2019. WE HAVE, AND WE DO, EMBRACE ALL NEW YORKERS.” ADVERTISEMENT BEG GENR-NON-NFORMG NEW YORK CY WAS FUNCTNALLY ILLEGAL, TOO AN OLD ANTILABOR REGULATN GOT “DTED OFF” AND ALLOWED POLICE TO ARRT PEOPLE WHO WORE “FEWER THAN THREE ARTICL OF CLOTHG APPROPRIATE TO THEIR SEX,” CARTER FOUND, OFTEN A PRETENSE TO LOCK UP THE MEN, WOMEN, AND GENR-NON-NFIRMG PATRONS OF THE STONEWALL AND OTHER LGBT BARS THE AREA.LEGALIZATN OF ALHOL AND POST-WORLD WAR II PURAN VALU PROVED A TERRIBLE BATN FOR QUEER PEOPLESCE THE POST-PROHIBN CREATN OF OVER-RRECTG AGENCI LIKE THE STATE LIQUOR AUTHORY (SLA), BARS WEREN’T REALLY ABLE TO SERVE LGBT PATRONS AT THE RISK OF GETTG SHUT DOWN. WHY? GAY PEOPLE WERE NSIRED “LEWD AND DISSOLUTE,” CARTER WROTE, SO THEIR VERY PRENCE ULD BUCKET ANY BAR AS “DISORRLY” AND THEREFORE A TARGET OF THE SLA. “THERE WAS NO NNG WATER AT THE MA BAR AND THEREFORE NO WAY TO CLEAN GLASS. SKS FILLED WH STANDG WATER THE BACK SERVED AS DUMPG GROUNDS FOR ED GLASS” THE MAFIA OPERATED THE STONEWALL INN AND OTHER LGBT BARS THE AREA ADVERTISEMENT ENTER ANIZED CRIME, SWOOPG TO EXPLO LGBT PATRONS AND PAY OFF THE POLICE FOR THE PRIVILEGE TO DO SO. IN 1966, ONE TONY LRIA, A YOUNG MAFSO NICKNAMED “FAT TONY,” BOUGHT THE STONEWALL SPECIFILLY FOR THAT PURPOSE. HE PAID THE POLICE AROUND $1,200 A MONTH TO LET HIM KEEP OPEN, ACRDG TO CARTER. THAT’S NEARLY $9,500 A MONTH 2019 DOLLARS (AND THE RENT THE AREA IS A B MORE EXPENSIVE TODAY).THE STONEWALL INN WAS FAR OM SWANKY. THERE WAS NO NNG WATER AT THE MA BAR AND THEREFORE NO WAY TO CLEAN GLASS. SKS FILLED WH STANDG WATER THE BACK SERVED AS DUMPG GROUNDS FOR ED GLASS. WHEN NEED, THOSE GLASS WERE THEN FISHED OUT OF THEIR TUBS, DRIED, AND RSED. THE DRKS WERE OFTEN DILUTED. AND THE BUILDG HAD NO FIRE EXS. BUT THAT WASN’T THE WORST OF . “REARCH ON THIS BOOK UNVERED A UPLE OF ELIVE REFERENC TO A PROSTUTN RG THAT WAS N ON THE SEND FLOOR ABOVE THE STONEWALL INN,” CARTER WR. “WHEN ONE LOOKS AT ALL THE AVAILABLE EVINCE TODAY, THERE IS LTLE DOUBT THAT SUCH A RG OPERATED OUT OF THE FLOOR ABOVE THE STONEWALL INN, ALTHOUGH FEW KNEW EXISTED.” THERE’S NO FIVE PROOF EHER WAY, CARTER ADMS ABOUT THE FOLLOWG, BUT SAYS HE NCLIVELY BELIEV MISSNER PE’S CLAIMS THAT “HE WAS ORRED TO PUT THE STONEWALL INN OUT OF BS BEE WAS BEG ED AS A SE TO BLACKMAIL GAY MEN WHO WORKED THE WALL STREET AREA.” AFTER GATHERG INTIFYG PERSONAL RMATN ABOUT PATRONS BOTH THE BAR PORTN OF STONEWALL AND S UPSTAIRS ACTIVI, THE BLACKMAILERS WOULD THEN ASSS THE POTENTIAL EARNGS OF EXTORTG THOSE MEN AND SOMETIM THREATEN TO EXPOSE THEM, WHICH WOULD FUNCTNALLY STROY THEIR LIV. NONE OF THIS WAS UNMON AT THE TIME, AND A 1969 EXCERPT OM THE NEW YORK MATTACHE NEWSLETTER, WHICH MENTNS STONEWALL BY NAME, RRI AN EXPLIC WARNG: “WE UTN OUR REARS NEVER TO E YOUR REAL NAME WHEN CISG, NEVER TO GIVE YOUR ADDRS TO A QUTNABLE BAR OR CLUB, AND REMEMBER, THAT TRICK OR HTLER YOU’VE JT PICKED UP MAY BE ‘WORKG’ FOR THE MANAGEMENT!” ADVERTISEMENT NONE OF THIS STOPPED PEOPLE HEADG TO THE BAR. THE STONEWALL INN WAS POPULAR AND FRIDAY NIGHTS WERE, AS THEY ARE NOW, A GREAT TIME TO GRAB A DRK. BIS, DUBERMAN TOLD ME, LGHG AGA, STONEWALL WAS THE “BT GAY BAR TOWN FOR DANCG,” EVEN IF WAS SOMETIM NSIRED “UPPER CLASS AND UPTIGHT.” AND HE WOULD KNOW: HE WAS THERE, “ONE OF THOSE UPPER CLASS AND UPTIGHT PEOPLE.” STONEWALL CERTAINTIES: WHAT WE KNOWPOLICE RAIDS ON LGBT BARS WERE MON, GENERALLY LOW-KEY, AND ANTICIPATED. THERE WAS EVEN A RAID AT THE STONEWALL A FEW WEEKS PRR TO JUNE 28 (WHICH SOME CRED WH FANNG THE FLAM OF THAT NIGHT’S OPPOSN). HOWEVER, AN ATTEMPT TO W POLIL FAVOR AT THE TIME WH CRIME-BTG NDIDAT AND SOMEWHAT BREAKG THIS CYCLE, SEYMOUR PE AND HIS OFFICERS DID NOT ALERT THE STONEWALL INN ON JUNE 28 OF THEIR IMPENDG ARRIVAL.THE STONEWALL RTS SPANNED SIX DAYS, BEGNG AROUND 1 A.M. THE MORNG OF SATURDAY JUNE 28, 1969. ADVERTISEMENT POLICE MA 21 ARRTS, ALL TOLD. THE FIRST NIGHT SAW 13 ARRTS AND THE SEND NIGHT, SATURDAY, SAW THREE. “SUNDAY, MONDAY, AND TUDAY NIGHTS REMAED RELATIVELY LM,” CARTER WROTE, PARTIALLY CREDG THE POLICE FOR HAVG MA A FEW PRODUCTIVE NCLNS: MORE PS ARE BETTER THAN LS. SHOWG UP EARLY IS BETTER THAN SHOWG UP LATER. AND BEHAVG APATHETILLY IS BETTER THAN SPTG SLURS OR CG EXCEMENT. BIS, CARTER ADDS, “THE WEEKEND HAD PASSED.” MOST PEOPLE ULDN’T KEEP AT WHEN SUNDAY ROLLED AROUND, “PECIALLY IF THEY HAD ALREADY DONE SO ON THE PREV NIGHT OR TWO.” ON THE FAL NIGHT, WEDNDAY, POLICE ARRTED FIVE PEOPLE.SYLVIA RIVERA AND MARSHA P. JOHNSONTHERE WERE MANY NOTABLE FIGUR WHOSE NAM RONATE TO LEGEND FOLLOWG THOSE SIX NIGHTS, AND TWO OF THOSE NAM STILL STAND STRONG 2019 (AND WILL SOON STAND STRONGER YET): SYLVIA RIVERA AND MARSHA P. JOHNSON. IT’S CLAIMED THEY SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER TRIGGERED THE RTS—NEHER THEY NOR HISTORIANS RROBORATED THAT. BUT THAT MATTERS LS THAN THAT THEY WERE TRANSGENR AND BEME KEY FIGUR THE FORTHG GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT.JOHNSON WAS AN IN. CERTALY PRENT AT THE RTS AND A TRANS RIGHTS MPAIGNER BEFORE TRANSGENR WAS MON PARLANCE, JOHNSON WAS A BADASS. DURG THE RTS, FOR EXAMPLE, PROMENT ACTIVIST CRAIG RODWELL TOLD CARTER THAT HE SAW “JOHNSON CLIMB TO THE TOP OF A LAMPPOST AND DROP A BAG NTAG A HEAVY OBJECT ON THE [POLICE] R’S WDSHIELD, SHATTERG .” ADVERTISEMENT RIVERA OFTEN TEAMED UP WH JOHNSON THE ACTIVIST SPHERE AND LATER -FOUND THE STREET TRANSVT’ ACTN LEAGUE (STAR) 1970. AS THE DAILY BEAST’S JAY MICHAELSON NOT, “SHE WAS OUTSPOKEN, NONTATNAL, AND NTROVERSIAL.” DPE THEIR INIC STATURE THE MUNY FOR THOSE WHO READ TO THE TAILS OF STONEWALL, THE LONG-LIVED EFFECT OF THEIR ENAVORS HAS GONE LARGELY UNNOTICED THE MASTREAM RETELLG OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT.  “NOT UNTIL YOU DIG UNR THE SURFACE DO YOU KNOW ABOUT MARSHA [P. JOHNSON], STORMé [DELARVERIE], AND SYLVIA [RIVERA]. STONEWALL HAS BEEN SANIZED, AS HAS OUR WHOLE HISTORY, OF PEOPLE OF LOR,” DIRECTOR LEE DANIELS TOLD THE DAILY BEAST. “THAT STCK ME, AND MA ME THK OF OTHER FOTTEN HERO—THE HUNDREDS AND THOANDS OF GAY MEN WHO DIED OF AIDS, FOR EXAMPLE—THE YOUNGER GENERATN IS UNAWARE OF.”JOHNSON DIED 1992 (WHILE HER ATH WAS IALLY TERMED TO BE SUICI, WAS LATER RECLASSIFIED AS DROWNG BY UNTERMED , ACRDG TO THE NEW YORK TIM). RIVERA DIED 2002. RECENTLY LATE MAY, NEW YORK CY OFFICIALS UNVEILED PLANS TO ERECT A STATUE MEMORATG BOTH JOHNSON AND RIVERA GREENWICH VILLAGE. THE TIMATED $750,000-MONUMENT SHOULD BE FISHED BY 2021. ACRDG TO THE WASHGTON POST, “ WILL BE THE WORLD’S FIRST PERMANENT, PUBLIC MONUMENT HONORG TRANSGENR WOMEN.”STONEWALL: THE MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONSWHY WAS THAT NIGHT DIFFERENT THAN ALL OTHER NIGHTS? THE “BIG DIFFERENCE” ABOUT THE NIGHT OF THE STONEWALL RTS IS THAT THIS TIME, PEOPLE “DIDN’T N. THEY STOOD THEIR GROUND,” DUBERMAN TOLD ME. ADVERTISEMENT “PEOPLE DIDN’T IMMEDIATELY STTER TO EVERY RNER OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD, GLAD THEY HADN’T BEEN ARRTED OR THEIR INTI PROMISED,” DUBERMAN EXPLAED, ADDG ’S “HARD TO PPOT” EXACTLY WHY THAT WAS, ADDG A “REBELLN TO THORY” WAS BREWG AND THE MARGALIZED GREW CREASGLY AWARE THAT “CHANGE OM THE MARG, NOT OM THE CENTER.”HISTORIAN AND THOR LILLIAN FARMAN, WHO WROTE THE GAY REVOLUTN: THE STORY OF THE STGGLE, NOTED THAT THIS WAS AN ERA OF MONSTRATNS OF ALL KDS: WOMEN’S RIGHTS, CIVIL RIGHTS, ANTI WAR, AND—POST-STONEWALL—LGBT RIGHTS. “EVERY SUMMER OF THE 1960S, THERE WAS ANOTHER BLACK RT,” SHE TOLD ME. “AND THE FEMIST MOVEMENT BEME MORE AND MORE ANT—THEY WERE GETTG SCY.” “I THK ’S CLEAR THAT SPECIAL CRED MT BE GIVEN TO GAY HOMELS YOUTH, TO TRANSGENRED MEN, AND TO THE LBIAN WHO FOUGHT THE POLICE” WHO IGNED THE STONEWALL RTS? NO ONE REALLY KNOWS. CARTER PROVIS A LLECTIVE ARGUMENT THAT CREDS FACELS MULTUS OF PEOPLE ADVERTENTLY ACTG NCERT THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT AND ALLOWG EACH OTHER TO BUILD UP THE ENERGY THAT TURNED TO THE RTS.“WH THE QUALIFITNS NOTED,” HE NTU, “I THK ’S CLEAR THAT SPECIAL CRED MT BE GIVEN TO GAY HOMELS YOUTH, TO TRANSGENRED MEN, AND TO THE LBIAN WHO FOUGHT THE POLICE.” CARTER NCLUS THAT THE LGBT YOUTH ON THE STREETS, THE FIRST TO GATHER UP PENNI TO THROW AT THE POLICE OUTSI STONEWALL, WAS “THE GROUP MOST RPONSIBLE FOR THE SUCCS OF THE RTS.” ADVERTISEMENT A ‘BUTCH’ LBIAN STARTED THE RTSONE NTTED ACUNT VOLV A WOMAN DRSED MEN’S CLOTHG WHOM THE POLICE BTALIZED AND WHO WON THE SYMPATHY OF THE GROWG AND GAWKG CROWD AMASSG OUTSI THE STONEWALL. STONEWALL PARTICIPANT JIM FOURATT, DUBERMAN WROTE, TOLD HIM THAT AS THE POLICE WERE TAKG PATRONS OUT OF THE BAR, “THE DYKE HAD TO BE MORE BUTCH THAN THE QUEENS. SO WHEN THE POLICE MOVED HER TO THE WAGON, SHE GOT OUT THE OTHER SI AND STARTED TO ROCK .” A WAER AT THE STONEWALL AT THE TIME REMEMBERS DIFFERENTLY: THAT AFTER THE WOMAN PLAED THAT HER HANDCUFFS WERE TOO TIGHT, A POLICEMAN “SLAPPED HER THE HEAD WH HIS NIGHTSTICK.” SOME ACUNTS NAME STORMé DELARVERIE, AN ACTIVIST AND POPULAR SOCIALE, AS THE WOMAN. BUT CARTER ARGU “SHE ULD NOT HAVE BEEN.” FOR ONE, SHE PED THE POLICE AND HAD SAID SHE HAD ALREADY BEEN OUTSI WHEN THE RTS BEGAN. ALSO, CARTER NOT EYEWNS ACUNTS REMEMBER A WHE-PASSG PERSON AND DELARVERIE WAS NOT WHE. FALLY, SHE WAS “WELL KNOWN THE LOL LBIAN MUNY,” AND HAS BEEN SCE. IT’S UNLIKELY HER INTY WOULD HAVE REMAED SECRET FOR ALL THE S. DELARVERIE DIED 2014. “NICKELS WERE THE NEXT THG TO BE THROWN. FOLLOWED BY QUARTERS. A GLASS BOTTLE WAS LOBBED. THEN ANOTHER ME FLYG THROUGH THE DARK AIR. AND ANOTHER” ADVERTISEMENT WHOEVER WAS, THEY TRIGGERED THE GROWG CROWD OUTSI, WHICH KICKED TO GEAR AND BEGAN “THROWG S AT THE POLICE,” DUBERMAN WR. CARTER TELLS BEGAN WH A “RA OF PENNI.”“NICKELS WERE THE NEXT THG TO BE THROWN. FOLLOWED BY QUARTERS,” CARTER NTU. “A GLASS BOTTLE WAS LOBBED. THEN ANOTHER ME FLYG THROUGH THE DARK AIR. AND ANOTHER.”SOME PEOPLE WERE POURG LIGHTER FLUID TO AND ONTO BOTTL AND ATTEMPTG TO LIGHT THEM. ANOTHER STONEWALL EYE WNS, BOB KOHLER, TOLD CARTER HE “SAW A BOTTLE GO SAILG THROUGH THE AIR AND LAND THE STONEWALL INN, FOLLOWED BY A SMALL TRAIL OF SMOKE EMERGG OM THE CLUB.” BUT THERE WAS NOTHG OF THE MOLOTOV CKTAILS WE KNOW OM ’80S THRILLERS AND NTEMPORARY MONSTRATNS UGHT ON TAPE OR LIVE STREAM. AND WHILE SOME REMEMBER BRICKS BEG THROWN AND OTHERS NO BRICKS AT ALL, A NEARBY NSTCTN SE WOULD HAVE CERTALY ALLOWED THE PROTTG CROWD ACCS TO THE REQUIRED HARDWARE.THE FIRST BRICKDPE THE NARRATIVE ATTRACTIVENS OF SUCH A PROJECTILE, THERE’S NO HIVE ACUNT OF ONE PERSON THROWG THE MENCEMENT-BRICK TOWARD A P. MARSHA JOHNSON IS SOMETIM REFERENCED AS HAVG THROWN THE FIRST BRICK, AND CARTER ENTERTAS THE IA SHE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO RIST POLICE, BUT THERE’S NOTHG SAYG SHE TRIGGERED THE RTS WH THE THROW OF A BRICK. NOR IS ANYONE ELSE SPECIFILLY REMEMBERED TO HAVE DONE SO. ADVERTISEMENT BUT THAT DON’T MEAN BRICKS WEREN’T THROWN, NOR THAT THEY WEREN’T PRENT. A “GENERAL ASSLT” BEGAN AGAST THE STONEWALL INN SELF WHEN POLICE RETREATED TO AND BARRID THEMSELV SI FEAR OF THE GROWG ANGER OF THE LIKEWISE GROWG CROWDS OUTSI, CARTER FOUND. THE CROWD ED “ANYTHG AND EVERYTHG” ULD FD: “GARBAGE, GARBAGE NS, PIEC OF GLASS, FIRE, BRICKS, BBLTON, AND AN IMPROVISED BATTERG RAM.”JUDY GARLAND’S ATH AND FUNERAL TRIGGERED THE RTSGARLAND WAS 47 WHEN SHE DIED LONDON ON JUNE 22, 1969. HER FUNERAL WAS ON JUNE 27. SOME HAVE NCLUD WAS SOME SORT OF LLECTIVE GRIEF OVER HER PASSG THAT CULMATED THE RTS.YOU N ALMOST HEAR A SIGH WHEN YOU ASK AN LGBT SCHOLAR ABOUT THIS CINCE. CARTER CUTS DOWN METHODILLY BUT REALLY ’S HIS FIRST POT THAT MERS THE HIGHT VALUE: NONE OF THE EYEWNS ACUNTS OF THE RTS BY LGBT PEOPLE MENTN GARLAND AT ALL. DUBERMAN SFFS LOUDLY WHEN I ASK, AND REPEATS NEARLY VERBATIM THE SAME POT CARTER MAK. BUT THE PROXIMY OF GARLAND'S ATH AND HER INIC STAT THE LGBT MUNY WILL FOREVER, AT LEAST ROMANTILLY, LK HER TO STONEWALL.THE RTERS WERE ALL TRANSVT ADVERTISEMENT “THE QUTN OF TRANSVTE PARTICIPATN THE RTS IS PLITED BY DIFFERENC THE GAY MALE MUNY THAT HAVE VELOPED SCE,” CARTER WR REFERENCE TO CROSS-DRSERS, NAMED THEN AS TRANSVT. WHILE THE NEIGHBORHOOD AROUND STONEWALL WAS POPULATED BY WHAT WE WOULD REFER TO TODAY AS LGBT HOMELS YOUTH, BACK THEN THERE WERE DIFFERENT TERPRETATNS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS, CLUDG SO-LLED FLAME AND SRE QUEENS, WHICH DUBERMAN EXPLAED WERE KNOWN FOR DONNG A LS NFORMG SORT OF DRAG, PARTLY UTILIZED TO ELIC MORE SHOCK OM PASSERSBY.CARTER NCLUS THAT “.. LBIAN WHO SET THE CROWD AFIRE WH HER PHYSIL URAGE WAS, OM ALL AVAILABLE EVINCE, NON-GENR-NFORMG AND, VERY POSSIBLY, TRANSGENR.” IMPORTANTLY, CARTER WR THAT A “MON THEME LKS THOSE WHO RISTED FIRST AND FOUGHT THE HARST, AND THAT IS GENR TRANSGRSN.” THE RTERS WERE ALL DRAG QUEENS HEELS, KICKG AND SGGSURE, THERE WERE QUEENS DRAG SPREAD THROUGHOUT. BUT WAS AGA THE “GAY STREET YOUTHS,” CARTER WROTE, WHO “LKED THEIR ARMS AROUND ONE ANOTHER AND KICKED ROCKETTE STYLE,” SGG “THEIR OLD REPRISE” WH A TOPIL WORD REPLACED:WE ARE THE STONEWALL GIRLSWE WEAR OUR HAIR CURLS. ADVERTISEMENT WE WEAR NO UNRWEAR:WE SHOW OUR PUBIC HAIRS.CARTER NFIRMS THIS SONG-AND-DANCE WAS REPEATED TWO OR THREE TIM THROUGH THE FIRST NIGHT, THOUGH ’S BEEN MYTHOLOGIZED TO HAVE HAPPENED MUCH MORE EQUENTLY.STONEWALL WAS THE START OF THE MORN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENTNO, THERE WAS POLIL ACTIVY AND ACTIVISM BEFORE 1969, ED WHICH DIRECTLY AND DIRECTLY FUELED WHAT HAPPENED. AS EARLY AS 1950, ANIZATNS LIKE THE MATTACHE SOCIETY AND THE DGHTERS OF BILIS BEGAN ASSEMBLG, ANIZG, AND ARGUG “AMONG THEMSELV WHAT, IF ANYTHG, THEY SHOULD—OR ULD—DO TO IMPROVE THEIR STANDG AMERIN LIFE,” ERIC MARC WROTE MAKG GAY HISTORY, LATER ADDG THAT SCE 1953 AND NTUG FOR “MORE THAN 20 YEARS, THE FBI NDUCTED EXTENSIVE SURVEILLANCE OF GAY ANIZATNS AND THEIR LEARS.” ONE FAMO 1964 MATTACHE MONSTRATN HAD 10 PEOPLE PICKETG A US ARMY OFFICE NEW YORK CY’S FANCIAL DISTRICT, MANDG THAT “HOMOSEXUALS BE ALLOWED TO ENLIST THE ARY AND PROTTED THE DISHONORABLE DISCHARG ISSUED TO GAY MEN AND LBIANS WHO WERE ROUTELY THROWN OUT OF THE ARY,” ACRDG TO MARC. ADVERTISEMENT A SIAR PICKET TOOK PLACE AT THE WHE HOE A YEAR LATER, WHICH GREW TO AN ANNUAL REMR PICKET ON JULY 4 EVERY YEAR PHILALPHIA. STONEWALL MARKS THE BEGNG OF PRIAGA, NO. THE NOTN OF PRI AS WE KNOW STARTED WH A LOS ANGEL NEWSLETTER LNCHED 1966: THE PERSONAL RIGHTS DEFENSE AND EDUTN (PRIDE) THAT LATER EVOLVED TO BEE THE ADVOTE MAGAZE.AFTER THE RTS, POLIL DIFFERENC WH THE MATTACHE SOCIETY AND LGBT ACTIVISM AT-LARGE LED ACTIVISTS LIKE MARSHA P. JOHNSON AND SYLVIA RIVERA TO FORM ANIZATNS LIKE THE INIC GAY LIBERATN FRONT AND STREET TRANSVTE ACTN REVOLUTNARI (STAR). ADVERTISEMENT A ‘STONEWALL RT’ ULD ONLY HAVE HAPPENED AT STONEWALL JASON BMANN, THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR LLECTN VELOPMENT AT THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY AND CURATOR OF LOVE & RISTANCE: STONEWALL AT 50, TOLD THE DAILY BEAST: “PEOPLE LIKE FOR STONEWALL TO BE THE E. BUT WAS AN EXPRSN OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT HAVG E OF AGE."AS YOU MIGHT EXPECT OF A PROFSNAL ARCHIVIST, BMANN BRGS UP A PELLG REASON TO TRY TO VIS THE LIBRARY’S STONEWALL EXHIB, WHICH NS THROUGH JULY 13. CONSIRG THE LACK OF VISUAL EVINCE AND DOCUMENTS BY WHICH TO EXPERIENCE THE NIGHT OF STONEWALL, THE BT WAY TO PREHEND S RULTS IS TO LOOK AT WHAT ME BEFORE AND THEN LOOK AT WHAT ME AFTER. "STONEWALL WAS THIS PIVOTAL POT,” BMANN TOLD ME, POTG OUT THAT MONSTRATNS PRECEDG OFTEN SHOW A DOZEN PEOPLE BUTTONED-UP GARB AND PURSED LIPS. IN THE FIRST PRI MARCH 1970, THOANDS SHOWED UP. AND THEY WERE ALL DRSED DIFFERENTLY, BOTH OM PRE-STONEWALL PROTTERS AND—A SIGN OF CREASED DIVERSY—OM EACH OTHER. STONEWALL: WHAT HAPPENED NEXT ADVERTISEMENT BMANN IS ALSO BEHD APRIL 2019’S THE STONEWALL REAR, AN ANTHOLOGY OF SAYS AND ARTICL ANALYZG LGBT ACTIVISM THE 1960S, WHICH EXEMPLIFI THAT DIVERSY AND RADIL SPIR. BUT NOT ALL PROGRS IS “HEROIC,” HE SAYS. SOMETIM ’S “UNPLEASANT, A DRAG,” AND SCE ’S MORE MON TO FOC ON THE SO-LLED OL PARTS OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT, LIKE THE STONEWALL RTS, FOR EXAMPLE, “ MAK PEOPLE THK THAT ‘THERE’S A RT, THEN THERE’S GAY MARRIAGE.’” BUT OF URSE, THAT’S NOT HOW CHANGE IS REALIZED. AS BMANN TOLD ME, ’S “LGBT POLIL ANIZG THAT LED TO EVERYTHG.”“IT TAK A KD OF RADIL ENERGY TO GET THGS GOG,” LILLIAN FARMAN TOLD ME, WHICH ALLOWS “LS RADIL PEOPLE WHO HAVE IAS” TO SURFACE THEM. IN OTHER WORDS, THE ENERGY OF STONEWALL ALLOWED THE MOVEMENT TO GO PLAC HADN’T BEEN ABLE TO GO BEFORE, BUT LIKELY WOULDN’T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GO ANYWHERE WHOUT THE TWO S OF POLIL AND GRASSROOTS ANIZATN PREEMPTG . “STONEWALL REPRENTS PEOPLE FIGHTG BACK. IT IS BIG ENOUGH TO CLU ALL THE STORI” NOR DO THAT MEAN THE STYLE OF THE STONEWALL RTS—BT EXEMPLIFIED BY THE RULTG GAY LIBERATN FRONT—WAS PERFECT. AND FACT, THE GLF LLAPSED WH A , S ENERGI STEAD GETTG FOLD TO THE LARGER, MORE RILIENT, AND LS RADIL MOVEMENT THAT DOMAT TODAY.“STONEWALL REPRENTS PEOPLE FIGHTG BACK,” ERIC MARC TOLD ME. NOBODY REALLY KNOWS THE FULL PARTICULARS OF WHAT HAPPENED THAT NIGHT OR BY WHOSE HAND EXACTLY, BUT FOR MARC STONEWALL IS “BIG ENOUGH TO CLU ALL THE STORI.” ADVERTISEMENT EVERYONE THREW THE FIRST BRICK—EVEN, AND PECIALLY, IF DON’T EXIST.“FOR PEOPLE TO ANIZE POLILLY BASED ON THEIR OPPRSN DUE TO THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATN OR GENR INTY WAS ALMOST UNPRECENTED,” ROXANE GAY WR TO TRODUCE THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY’S LOVE AND RISTANCE: OUT OF THE CLOSET TO THE STONEWALL ERA, A BOOK OF PHOTO-SAYS THAT WAS RELEASED JUNE 11. “THOSE WHO DID RISKED THEIR LIVELIHOODS, FAI, SAFETY, AND EEDOM.”FOR SOME, STONEWALL’S STORI—TE OR FALSE—ARE WHAT MATTER MOST BEE THEY’RE WHAT WE RRY WH TO A FUTURE WHERE CHANGE IS POSSIBLE. IN 2016, PRINT BARACK OBAMA SIGNATED GREENWICH VILLAGE’S CHRISTOPHER PARK, AN LGBT-FAVORE PARK ACROSS THE STREET OM STONEWALL, THE FIRST EVER LGBT NATNAL MONUMENT, DITED TO THE STONEWALL RTS. “STONEWALL ULD EASILY HAVE BEEN FOTTEN HAD NOT BEEN FOR WHAT ME AFTER ” BUT AS WE KNOW, THE TYPE OF PROGRS OBAMA'S PRINCY EMBLEMIZED WAS SHORT LIVED. AND BIS, MONUMENTS DON’T END DISCRIMATN. TODAY, MORE STAT SRE LOW (15) ON EQUALY MEASUR THAN SRE HIGH (12). YOU N LEARN ALL KDS OF EFUL RMATN ABOUT LGBTQ+ PROTECTNS THE US AT THE MOVEMENT ADVANCE PROJECT—BUT BE WARNED, ’S NOT THE MOST OPTIMISTIC DATA. ADVERTISEMENT “IT TAK A DRAMATIC EVENT TO TRIGGER WHAT HAPPENS AFTER,” LILLIAN FARMAN TOLD ME. “STONEWALL ULD EASILY HAVE BEEN FOTTEN HAD NOT BEEN FOR WHAT ME AFTER .” SCE WE ARE ALL OF LIVG THE AFTER- RIGHT NOW, OUR NTUED ACTIVISM AND POLIL ENGAGEMENT REMAS THE BT, MOST POWERFUL WAY TO KEEP THE SPIR OF STONEWALL ALIVE. GION GDO

VOGUE LOUNGE OPENG SOON AT STONEWALL SE. LEHIGH VALLEY WILL ONCE AGA HAVE A GAY BAR.

The Stonewall Rts, also lled the Stonewall Uprisg, began the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn, a gay club loted Greenwich Village New York Cy.

For stance, solicatn of same-sex relatns was illegal New York such reasons, LGBT dividuals flocked to gay bars and clubs, plac of refuge where they uld exprs themselv openly and socialize whout worry. However, the New York State Liquor Authory penalized and shut down tablishments that served alhol to known or spected LGBT dividuals, argug that the mere gatherg of homosexuals was “disorrly.

KEV MAXEN BE FIRST MALE ACH A US MEN’S PROFSNAL SPORTS LEAGUE TO PUBLICLY E OUT AS GAY

But engagg gay behavr public (holdg hands, kissg or dancg wh someone of the same sex) was still illegal, so police harassment of gay bars ntued and many bars still operated whout liquor licens— part bee they were owned by the Rights Before StonewallThe first documented U. In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattache Society, an anizatn dited to gay rights, staged a “sip-” where they openly clared their sexualy at taverns, darg staff to turn them away and sug tablishments who did.

When The Commissn on Human Rights led that gay dividuals had the right to be served bars, police raids were temporarily Stonewall Inn The crime syndite saw prof terg to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genove crime fay ntrolled most Greenwich Village gay bars. And was one of the few—if not the only—gay bar left that allowed were still a fact of life, but ually rpt ps would tip off Mafia-n bars before they occurred, allowg owners to stash the alhol (sold whout a liquor license) and hi other illegal activi. Stonewall's LegacyThough the Stonewall uprisg didn’t start the gay rights movement, was a galvanizg force for LGBT polil activism, leadg to numero gay rights anizatns, cludg the Gay Liberatn Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lbian Alliance Agast Defamatn), and PFLAG (formerly Parents, Fai and Friends of Lbians and Gays) the one-year anniversary of the rts on June 28, 1970, thoands of people marched the streets of Manhattan om the Stonewall Inn to Central Park what was then lled “Christopher Street Liberatn Day, ” Ameri’s first gay pri para.

”In 2016, then-Print Barack Obama signated the se of the rts—Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surroundg streets and siwalks—a natnal monument regnn of the area’s ntributn to gay Gallery The Stonewall Inn is a bar loted New York Cy’s Greenwich Village that served as a haven the 1960s for the cy’s gay, lbian and transgenr muny.

THE STONEWALL RTS: WHAT REALLY HAPPENED, WHAT DIDN’T, AND WHAT BEME MYTHSTONEWALL 50PHOTO ILLTRATN BY SARAH ROGERS/THE DAILY BEAST / PHOTOS GETTYWAS THERE A FIRST BRICK? DO MATTER? HISTORIANS OF THE STONEWALL RTS TALK ABOUT WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE HISTORIC LGBT PROTTS LATE JUNE 1969—AND THEIR NTUED MYSTERY.GION GDOFORMER COMMERCE CONTENT STRATEGISTUPDATED NOV. 20, 2019 12:07PM EST / PUBLISHED JUN. 15, 2019 11:06PM EDT IN A FEW WEEKS, WILL HAVE BEEN 50 YEARS—HALF A CENTURY—SCE THE STONEWALL RTS 1969 FUELED A FIRE OF LGBT RISTANCE THAT’S BEEN CELEBRATED EVERY SGLE YEAR SCE. LATE ON A FRIDAY NIGHT THE SUMMER OF 1969 (TECHNILLY A SATURDAY MORNG AROUND 1 A.M.), A “SERI OF VLENT PROTTS AND STREET MONSTRATNS” FLARED UP OUTSI THE STONEWALL INN, AN ILLEGAL GAY BAR NEW YORK CY'S GREENWICH VILLAGE. SO SUMMARIZ DAVID CARTER STONEWALL: THE RTS THAT SPARKED THE GAY REVOLUTN, THE 2004 BOOK NSIRED TO BE THE QUTSENTIAL GUI TO STONEWALL. THE RTS SPANNED SIX DAYS AND CLUD THREE NIGHTS OF SO-LLED RTG BETWEEN POLICE AND A DIVERSE MUNY OF LGBTQ+ PROTTERS. ON THE FIRST NIGHT, THE SAME POLICE THAT HAD SHOWN UP TO HARASS PATRONS, ARRT A FEW GAY PEOPLE, AND LLECT SOME SH, WERE OVERWHELMED. THEY SOON RETREATED TO THE VERY BAR THEY HAD TARGETED AND BARRID THEMSELV SI, WAG FOR RERCEMENTS TO ARRIVE AND FIGHTG OFF A BARRAGE OF S, BRICKS, TRASH NS, AND EVEN A PARKG METER. AFTER HELP ME, PROTTERS WERE FOUGHT OFF, BEATEN, AND A FEW WERE TAKEN . DURG THOSE SIX DAYS, POLICE ARRTED 21 PEOPLE. NO ONE DIED DURG THE RTS—EXCEPT FOR THE STONEWALL INN SELF, WHICH SOON AFTER SHUT DOWN AND REMAED DORMANT FOR S.WH A MATTER OF WEEKS, FALLOUT OM THE RTS TORE THROUGH EXISTG PRO-LGBT, OR— THE LANGUAGE OF THAT ERA—HOMOPHILE, ANIZATNS. TRAILBLAZG RADIL GROUPS FORMED WH UNPRECENTED MANDS FOR EQUALY. FRHLY MTED LGBT MAGAZ POPPED UP, ATTRACTG TENS OF THOANDS OF REARS. POLICE RAIDS NTUED, AS DID THE ABJECT CRIMALY OF QUEERNS, BUT THE BREADTH OF RISTANCE WAS CREASG BY THE HOUR. “BY THE EARLY 1970S, THE NUMBER OF GAY AND LBIAN ANIZATNS SOARED TO NEARLY FOUR HUNDRED,” HISTORIAN AND SCHOLAR ERIC MARC WROTE MAKG GAY HISTORY: THE HALF-CENTURY FIGHT FOR LBIAN AND GAY EQUAL RIGHTS. THE FIRST PRI MARCH (ON WHAT WAS THEN LLED CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATN DAY) ME JT ONE YEAR AFTER THE RTS TO MEMORATE THEM. IT DREW THOANDS ACROSS CI LIKE SAN FRANCIS, NEW YORK, AND LOS ANGEL. PROTTS THOSE SAME CI BEME “MONPLACE,” MARC WROTE, RANGG OM KISS-S AT RTRANTS THAT WOULDN’T SERVE LGBT WOULD-BE PATRONS TO “ON-AIR TERPTNS OF NATNAL NEWS PROGRAMS.” BY 1972, DEMOCRATIC PRINTIAL HOPEFULS “SPOKE FAVORABLY” OF FERAL ANTI-DISCRIMATN PROTECTNS. THE LGBT MOVEMENT HAD PHOENIX-ED NEARLY OVERNIGHT, THE STONEWALL EPISO TODAY WILY NSIRED “THE BIRTH OF THE MORN GAY AND LBIAN POLIL MOVEMENT,” MART DUBERMAN WROTE STONEWALL: THE DEFIVE STORY OF THE LGBTQ RIGHTS UPRISG THAT CHANGED AMERI. FIRST PUBLISHED 1994 (THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RTS), THE BOOK’S SEND EDN WAS RELEASED ON JUNE 4. “MEMORY IS WHAT WE REMEMBER, HOW WE WISH TO REMEMBER , AND HOW WE WISH TO BE REMEMBERED ” ADVERTISEMENT AND YET, THE TAILS OF THE RTS AND WHAT PRECIPATED THEM HAVE BEE, AS CARTER PUTS , “A BONE OF NTENTN BETWEEN VAR DIVIDUALS AND TERT GROUPS WH AND WHOUT THE GAY WORLD.” WHAT KD OF GAY BAR WAS STONEWALL? WHAT WAS A GAY BAR 1969 LIKE, ANYWAY? WHO WENT THERE? WHO DIDN’T? WHO PROTTED? WHO STARTED ? WHO THREW THE FIRST BRICK? WAS THE LNCHG PAD OF THE LGBT E? IS THE SOURCE OF PAL P PRI? AND WHAT THE HELL IS A MORN POLIL MOVEMENT?“THERE WAS NO OMNISCIENT PRENCE LOOKG DOWN AT THE SCENE,” MARC TOLD ME, ADDG THAT THE LARGELY (IF NOT WHOLLY) ANECDOTAL APPROACH TO CIPHERG STONEWALL IS PROBLEMATIC. “MEMORY IS WHAT WE REMEMBER, HOW WE WISH TO REMEMBER , AND HOW WE WISH TO BE REMEMBERED .” AND BIS, DUBERMAN TELLS ME BEFORE LGHG, “EVERYONE WAS STONED.” LGBT AMERICA BEFORE STONEWALLTHE CREATOR AND HOST OF A PODST NAMED AFTER HIS BOOK (WHOSE FIFTH SEASON IS RELEASG THIS MONTH) AND FOUNR OF THE STONEWALL CONSORTIUM, MARC ALSO -CREATED A FACTSHEET THAT ATTEMPTS TO DISPEL SOME OF THE MISNCEPTNS AROUND THE RTS. BEFORE NSIRG THOSE, ’S STCTIVE TO NSIR WHAT LGBT AMERI FACED THE 1960S, WHICH HISTORI LIKE CARTER’S, MARC’, AND OTHERS HELP UNRSTAND. ADVERTISEMENT BEG GAY WAS ILLEGAL OR, TO PUT MORE HARSHLY, A CRIMETHAT WAS THE SE AT THE TIME EVERY STATE EXCEPT ILLOIS AND ULD RULT LIFE PRISON, CARTER TELLS . DIFFERENT STAT HAD VARYG GRE OF PUNISHMENT. IN CALIFORNIA, FOR EXAMPLE, MEN FOUND TO HAVE HAD SEX WH OTHER MEN WERE “GIVEN ELECTRIL AND PHARMALOGIL SHOCK THERAPY, STRATED, AND LOBOTOMIZED.” BY 1961, ANTI-GAY LAWS THE US WERE “HARSHER ON HOMOSEXUALS THAN THOSE CUBA, RSIA, OR EAST GERMANY,” ALL OBJECTS OF AMERIN CRICISM FOR “THEIR SPOTIC WAYS,” CARTER NOT.DURG A LNCH EVENT 2004 FOR CARTER’S TOME ABOUT STONEWALL, THE POLICE OFFICER WHO LED THE STONEWALL RAID THE NIGHT OF THE RTS, THE 89-YEAR-OLD SEYMOUR PE, APOLOGIZED. HE TOLD A CROWD THAT “THE POLICE OF THE ERA WERE BIASED AGAST GAYS,” REPORTED THE VILLAGER. “THEY CERTALY WERE PREJUDICED. THERE WAS NO QUTN ABOUT THAT,” THE ARTICLE QUOT HIM SAYG. “BUT THEY HAD NO IA ABOUT WHAT GAY PEOPLE WERE ABOUT.” PE DIED A FEW YEARS LATER 2010.FIFTEEN YEARS FOLLOWG THAT, AND NEARLY A AFTER PE DIED, THE CURRENT POLICE MISSNER OF THE NYPD JAM P. O’NEILL TOOK A STAB AT HIS OWN APOLOGY EARLIER THIS MONTH, SAYG WHAT HAPPENED “SHOULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED” AND THAT IGNORG THAT FACT DURG WORLD PRI MONTH WOULD BE “IRRPONSIBLE.”“THE ACTNS TAKEN BY THE NYPD WERE WRONG, PLA AND SIMPLE. THE ACTNS AND THE LAWS WERE DISCRIMATORY AND OPPRSIVE, AND FOR THAT, I APOLOGIZE,” O’NEILL TOLD AN DORIUM OF PEOPLE ON THURSDAY, JUNE 6. “I VOW TO THE LGBTQ MUNY THAT THIS WOULD NEVER HAPPEN THE NYPD 2019. WE HAVE, AND WE DO, EMBRACE ALL NEW YORKERS.” ADVERTISEMENT BEG GENR-NON-NFORMG NEW YORK CY WAS FUNCTNALLY ILLEGAL, TOO AN OLD ANTILABOR REGULATN GOT “DTED OFF” AND ALLOWED POLICE TO ARRT PEOPLE WHO WORE “FEWER THAN THREE ARTICL OF CLOTHG APPROPRIATE TO THEIR SEX,” CARTER FOUND, OFTEN A PRETENSE TO LOCK UP THE MEN, WOMEN, AND GENR-NON-NFIRMG PATRONS OF THE STONEWALL AND OTHER LGBT BARS THE AREA.LEGALIZATN OF ALHOL AND POST-WORLD WAR II PURAN VALU PROVED A TERRIBLE BATN FOR QUEER PEOPLESCE THE POST-PROHIBN CREATN OF OVER-RRECTG AGENCI LIKE THE STATE LIQUOR AUTHORY (SLA), BARS WEREN’T REALLY ABLE TO SERVE LGBT PATRONS AT THE RISK OF GETTG SHUT DOWN. WHY? GAY PEOPLE WERE NSIRED “LEWD AND DISSOLUTE,” CARTER WROTE, SO THEIR VERY PRENCE ULD BUCKET ANY BAR AS “DISORRLY” AND THEREFORE A TARGET OF THE SLA. “THERE WAS NO NNG WATER AT THE MA BAR AND THEREFORE NO WAY TO CLEAN GLASS. SKS FILLED WH STANDG WATER THE BACK SERVED AS DUMPG GROUNDS FOR ED GLASS” THE MAFIA OPERATED THE STONEWALL INN AND OTHER LGBT BARS THE AREA ADVERTISEMENT ENTER ANIZED CRIME, SWOOPG TO EXPLO LGBT PATRONS AND PAY OFF THE POLICE FOR THE PRIVILEGE TO DO SO. IN 1966, ONE TONY LRIA, A YOUNG MAFSO NICKNAMED “FAT TONY,” BOUGHT THE STONEWALL SPECIFILLY FOR THAT PURPOSE. HE PAID THE POLICE AROUND $1,200 A MONTH TO LET HIM KEEP OPEN, ACRDG TO CARTER. THAT’S NEARLY $9,500 A MONTH 2019 DOLLARS (AND THE RENT THE AREA IS A B MORE EXPENSIVE TODAY).THE STONEWALL INN WAS FAR OM SWANKY. THERE WAS NO NNG WATER AT THE MA BAR AND THEREFORE NO WAY TO CLEAN GLASS. SKS FILLED WH STANDG WATER THE BACK SERVED AS DUMPG GROUNDS FOR ED GLASS. WHEN NEED, THOSE GLASS WERE THEN FISHED OUT OF THEIR TUBS, DRIED, AND RSED. THE DRKS WERE OFTEN DILUTED. AND THE BUILDG HAD NO FIRE EXS. BUT THAT WASN’T THE WORST OF . “REARCH ON THIS BOOK UNVERED A UPLE OF ELIVE REFERENC TO A PROSTUTN RG THAT WAS N ON THE SEND FLOOR ABOVE THE STONEWALL INN,” CARTER WR. “WHEN ONE LOOKS AT ALL THE AVAILABLE EVINCE TODAY, THERE IS LTLE DOUBT THAT SUCH A RG OPERATED OUT OF THE FLOOR ABOVE THE STONEWALL INN, ALTHOUGH FEW KNEW EXISTED.” THERE’S NO FIVE PROOF EHER WAY, CARTER ADMS ABOUT THE FOLLOWG, BUT SAYS HE NCLIVELY BELIEV MISSNER PE’S CLAIMS THAT “HE WAS ORRED TO PUT THE STONEWALL INN OUT OF BS BEE WAS BEG ED AS A SE TO BLACKMAIL GAY MEN WHO WORKED THE WALL STREET AREA.” AFTER GATHERG INTIFYG PERSONAL RMATN ABOUT PATRONS BOTH THE BAR PORTN OF STONEWALL AND S UPSTAIRS ACTIVI, THE BLACKMAILERS WOULD THEN ASSS THE POTENTIAL EARNGS OF EXTORTG THOSE MEN AND SOMETIM THREATEN TO EXPOSE THEM, WHICH WOULD FUNCTNALLY STROY THEIR LIV. NONE OF THIS WAS UNMON AT THE TIME, AND A 1969 EXCERPT OM THE NEW YORK MATTACHE NEWSLETTER, WHICH MENTNS STONEWALL BY NAME, RRI AN EXPLIC WARNG: “WE UTN OUR REARS NEVER TO E YOUR REAL NAME WHEN CISG, NEVER TO GIVE YOUR ADDRS TO A QUTNABLE BAR OR CLUB, AND REMEMBER, THAT TRICK OR HTLER YOU’VE JT PICKED UP MAY BE ‘WORKG’ FOR THE MANAGEMENT!” ADVERTISEMENT NONE OF THIS STOPPED PEOPLE HEADG TO THE BAR. THE STONEWALL INN WAS POPULAR AND FRIDAY NIGHTS WERE, AS THEY ARE NOW, A GREAT TIME TO GRAB A DRK. BIS, DUBERMAN TOLD ME, LGHG AGA, STONEWALL WAS THE “BT GAY BAR TOWN FOR DANCG,” EVEN IF WAS SOMETIM NSIRED “UPPER CLASS AND UPTIGHT.” AND HE WOULD KNOW: HE WAS THERE, “ONE OF THOSE UPPER CLASS AND UPTIGHT PEOPLE.” STONEWALL CERTAINTIES: WHAT WE KNOWPOLICE RAIDS ON LGBT BARS WERE MON, GENERALLY LOW-KEY, AND ANTICIPATED. THERE WAS EVEN A RAID AT THE STONEWALL A FEW WEEKS PRR TO JUNE 28 (WHICH SOME CRED WH FANNG THE FLAM OF THAT NIGHT’S OPPOSN). HOWEVER, AN ATTEMPT TO W POLIL FAVOR AT THE TIME WH CRIME-BTG NDIDAT AND SOMEWHAT BREAKG THIS CYCLE, SEYMOUR PE AND HIS OFFICERS DID NOT ALERT THE STONEWALL INN ON JUNE 28 OF THEIR IMPENDG ARRIVAL.THE STONEWALL RTS SPANNED SIX DAYS, BEGNG AROUND 1 A.M. THE MORNG OF SATURDAY JUNE 28, 1969. ADVERTISEMENT POLICE MA 21 ARRTS, ALL TOLD. THE FIRST NIGHT SAW 13 ARRTS AND THE SEND NIGHT, SATURDAY, SAW THREE. “SUNDAY, MONDAY, AND TUDAY NIGHTS REMAED RELATIVELY LM,” CARTER WROTE, PARTIALLY CREDG THE POLICE FOR HAVG MA A FEW PRODUCTIVE NCLNS: MORE PS ARE BETTER THAN LS. SHOWG UP EARLY IS BETTER THAN SHOWG UP LATER. AND BEHAVG APATHETILLY IS BETTER THAN SPTG SLURS OR CG EXCEMENT. BIS, CARTER ADDS, “THE WEEKEND HAD PASSED.” MOST PEOPLE ULDN’T KEEP AT WHEN SUNDAY ROLLED AROUND, “PECIALLY IF THEY HAD ALREADY DONE SO ON THE PREV NIGHT OR TWO.” ON THE FAL NIGHT, WEDNDAY, POLICE ARRTED FIVE PEOPLE.SYLVIA RIVERA AND MARSHA P. JOHNSONTHERE WERE MANY NOTABLE FIGUR WHOSE NAM RONATE TO LEGEND FOLLOWG THOSE SIX NIGHTS, AND TWO OF THOSE NAM STILL STAND STRONG 2019 (AND WILL SOON STAND STRONGER YET): SYLVIA RIVERA AND MARSHA P. JOHNSON. IT’S CLAIMED THEY SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER TRIGGERED THE RTS—NEHER THEY NOR HISTORIANS RROBORATED THAT. BUT THAT MATTERS LS THAN THAT THEY WERE TRANSGENR AND BEME KEY FIGUR THE FORTHG GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT.JOHNSON WAS AN IN. CERTALY PRENT AT THE RTS AND A TRANS RIGHTS MPAIGNER BEFORE TRANSGENR WAS MON PARLANCE, JOHNSON WAS A BADASS. DURG THE RTS, FOR EXAMPLE, PROMENT ACTIVIST CRAIG RODWELL TOLD CARTER THAT HE SAW “JOHNSON CLIMB TO THE TOP OF A LAMPPOST AND DROP A BAG NTAG A HEAVY OBJECT ON THE [POLICE] R’S WDSHIELD, SHATTERG .” ADVERTISEMENT RIVERA OFTEN TEAMED UP WH JOHNSON THE ACTIVIST SPHERE AND LATER -FOUND THE STREET TRANSVT’ ACTN LEAGUE (STAR) 1970. AS THE DAILY BEAST’S JAY MICHAELSON NOT, “SHE WAS OUTSPOKEN, NONTATNAL, AND NTROVERSIAL.” DPE THEIR INIC STATURE THE MUNY FOR THOSE WHO READ TO THE TAILS OF STONEWALL, THE LONG-LIVED EFFECT OF THEIR ENAVORS HAS GONE LARGELY UNNOTICED THE MASTREAM RETELLG OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT.  “NOT UNTIL YOU DIG UNR THE SURFACE DO YOU KNOW ABOUT MARSHA [P. JOHNSON], STORMé [DELARVERIE], AND SYLVIA [RIVERA]. STONEWALL HAS BEEN SANIZED, AS HAS OUR WHOLE HISTORY, OF PEOPLE OF LOR,” DIRECTOR LEE DANIELS TOLD THE DAILY BEAST. “THAT STCK ME, AND MA ME THK OF OTHER FOTTEN HERO—THE HUNDREDS AND THOANDS OF GAY MEN WHO DIED OF AIDS, FOR EXAMPLE—THE YOUNGER GENERATN IS UNAWARE OF.”JOHNSON DIED 1992 (WHILE HER ATH WAS IALLY TERMED TO BE SUICI, WAS LATER RECLASSIFIED AS DROWNG BY UNTERMED , ACRDG TO THE NEW YORK TIM). RIVERA DIED 2002. RECENTLY LATE MAY, NEW YORK CY OFFICIALS UNVEILED PLANS TO ERECT A STATUE MEMORATG BOTH JOHNSON AND RIVERA GREENWICH VILLAGE. THE TIMATED $750,000-MONUMENT SHOULD BE FISHED BY 2021. ACRDG TO THE WASHGTON POST, “ WILL BE THE WORLD’S FIRST PERMANENT, PUBLIC MONUMENT HONORG TRANSGENR WOMEN.”STONEWALL: THE MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONSWHY WAS THAT NIGHT DIFFERENT THAN ALL OTHER NIGHTS? THE “BIG DIFFERENCE” ABOUT THE NIGHT OF THE STONEWALL RTS IS THAT THIS TIME, PEOPLE “DIDN’T N. THEY STOOD THEIR GROUND,” DUBERMAN TOLD ME. ADVERTISEMENT “PEOPLE DIDN’T IMMEDIATELY STTER TO EVERY RNER OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD, GLAD THEY HADN’T BEEN ARRTED OR THEIR INTI PROMISED,” DUBERMAN EXPLAED, ADDG ’S “HARD TO PPOT” EXACTLY WHY THAT WAS, ADDG A “REBELLN TO THORY” WAS BREWG AND THE MARGALIZED GREW CREASGLY AWARE THAT “CHANGE OM THE MARG, NOT OM THE CENTER.”HISTORIAN AND THOR LILLIAN FARMAN, WHO WROTE THE GAY REVOLUTN: THE STORY OF THE STGGLE, NOTED THAT THIS WAS AN ERA OF MONSTRATNS OF ALL KDS: WOMEN’S RIGHTS, CIVIL RIGHTS, ANTI WAR, AND—POST-STONEWALL—LGBT RIGHTS. “EVERY SUMMER OF THE 1960S, THERE WAS ANOTHER BLACK RT,” SHE TOLD ME. “AND THE FEMIST MOVEMENT BEME MORE AND MORE ANT—THEY WERE GETTG SCY.” “I THK ’S CLEAR THAT SPECIAL CRED MT BE GIVEN TO GAY HOMELS YOUTH, TO TRANSGENRED MEN, AND TO THE LBIAN WHO FOUGHT THE POLICE” WHO IGNED THE STONEWALL RTS? NO ONE REALLY KNOWS. CARTER PROVIS A LLECTIVE ARGUMENT THAT CREDS FACELS MULTUS OF PEOPLE ADVERTENTLY ACTG NCERT THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT AND ALLOWG EACH OTHER TO BUILD UP THE ENERGY THAT TURNED TO THE RTS.“WH THE QUALIFITNS NOTED,” HE NTU, “I THK ’S CLEAR THAT SPECIAL CRED MT BE GIVEN TO GAY HOMELS YOUTH, TO TRANSGENRED MEN, AND TO THE LBIAN WHO FOUGHT THE POLICE.” CARTER NCLUS THAT THE LGBT YOUTH ON THE STREETS, THE FIRST TO GATHER UP PENNI TO THROW AT THE POLICE OUTSI STONEWALL, WAS “THE GROUP MOST RPONSIBLE FOR THE SUCCS OF THE RTS.” ADVERTISEMENT A ‘BUTCH’ LBIAN STARTED THE RTSONE NTTED ACUNT VOLV A WOMAN DRSED MEN’S CLOTHG WHOM THE POLICE BTALIZED AND WHO WON THE SYMPATHY OF THE GROWG AND GAWKG CROWD AMASSG OUTSI THE STONEWALL. STONEWALL PARTICIPANT JIM FOURATT, DUBERMAN WROTE, TOLD HIM THAT AS THE POLICE WERE TAKG PATRONS OUT OF THE BAR, “THE DYKE HAD TO BE MORE BUTCH THAN THE QUEENS. SO WHEN THE POLICE MOVED HER TO THE WAGON, SHE GOT OUT THE OTHER SI AND STARTED TO ROCK .” A WAER AT THE STONEWALL AT THE TIME REMEMBERS DIFFERENTLY: THAT AFTER THE WOMAN PLAED THAT HER HANDCUFFS WERE TOO TIGHT, A POLICEMAN “SLAPPED HER THE HEAD WH HIS NIGHTSTICK.” SOME ACUNTS NAME STORMé DELARVERIE, AN ACTIVIST AND POPULAR SOCIALE, AS THE WOMAN. BUT CARTER ARGU “SHE ULD NOT HAVE BEEN.” FOR ONE, SHE PED THE POLICE AND HAD SAID SHE HAD ALREADY BEEN OUTSI WHEN THE RTS BEGAN. ALSO, CARTER NOT EYEWNS ACUNTS REMEMBER A WHE-PASSG PERSON AND DELARVERIE WAS NOT WHE. FALLY, SHE WAS “WELL KNOWN THE LOL LBIAN MUNY,” AND HAS BEEN SCE. IT’S UNLIKELY HER INTY WOULD HAVE REMAED SECRET FOR ALL THE S. DELARVERIE DIED 2014. “NICKELS WERE THE NEXT THG TO BE THROWN. FOLLOWED BY QUARTERS. A GLASS BOTTLE WAS LOBBED. THEN ANOTHER ME FLYG THROUGH THE DARK AIR. AND ANOTHER” ADVERTISEMENT WHOEVER WAS, THEY TRIGGERED THE GROWG CROWD OUTSI, WHICH KICKED TO GEAR AND BEGAN “THROWG S AT THE POLICE,” DUBERMAN WR. CARTER TELLS BEGAN WH A “RA OF PENNI.”“NICKELS WERE THE NEXT THG TO BE THROWN. FOLLOWED BY QUARTERS,” CARTER NTU. “A GLASS BOTTLE WAS LOBBED. THEN ANOTHER ME FLYG THROUGH THE DARK AIR. AND ANOTHER.”SOME PEOPLE WERE POURG LIGHTER FLUID TO AND ONTO BOTTL AND ATTEMPTG TO LIGHT THEM. ANOTHER STONEWALL EYE WNS, BOB KOHLER, TOLD CARTER HE “SAW A BOTTLE GO SAILG THROUGH THE AIR AND LAND THE STONEWALL INN, FOLLOWED BY A SMALL TRAIL OF SMOKE EMERGG OM THE CLUB.” BUT THERE WAS NOTHG OF THE MOLOTOV CKTAILS WE KNOW OM ’80S THRILLERS AND NTEMPORARY MONSTRATNS UGHT ON TAPE OR LIVE STREAM. AND WHILE SOME REMEMBER BRICKS BEG THROWN AND OTHERS NO BRICKS AT ALL, A NEARBY NSTCTN SE WOULD HAVE CERTALY ALLOWED THE PROTTG CROWD ACCS TO THE REQUIRED HARDWARE.THE FIRST BRICKDPE THE NARRATIVE ATTRACTIVENS OF SUCH A PROJECTILE, THERE’S NO HIVE ACUNT OF ONE PERSON THROWG THE MENCEMENT-BRICK TOWARD A P. MARSHA JOHNSON IS SOMETIM REFERENCED AS HAVG THROWN THE FIRST BRICK, AND CARTER ENTERTAS THE IA SHE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO RIST POLICE, BUT THERE’S NOTHG SAYG SHE TRIGGERED THE RTS WH THE THROW OF A BRICK. NOR IS ANYONE ELSE SPECIFILLY REMEMBERED TO HAVE DONE SO. ADVERTISEMENT BUT THAT DON’T MEAN BRICKS WEREN’T THROWN, NOR THAT THEY WEREN’T PRENT. A “GENERAL ASSLT” BEGAN AGAST THE STONEWALL INN SELF WHEN POLICE RETREATED TO AND BARRID THEMSELV SI FEAR OF THE GROWG ANGER OF THE LIKEWISE GROWG CROWDS OUTSI, CARTER FOUND. THE CROWD ED “ANYTHG AND EVERYTHG” ULD FD: “GARBAGE, GARBAGE NS, PIEC OF GLASS, FIRE, BRICKS, BBLTON, AND AN IMPROVISED BATTERG RAM.”JUDY GARLAND’S ATH AND FUNERAL TRIGGERED THE RTSGARLAND WAS 47 WHEN SHE DIED LONDON ON JUNE 22, 1969. HER FUNERAL WAS ON JUNE 27. SOME HAVE NCLUD WAS SOME SORT OF LLECTIVE GRIEF OVER HER PASSG THAT CULMATED THE RTS.YOU N ALMOST HEAR A SIGH WHEN YOU ASK AN LGBT SCHOLAR ABOUT THIS CINCE. CARTER CUTS DOWN METHODILLY BUT REALLY ’S HIS FIRST POT THAT MERS THE HIGHT VALUE: NONE OF THE EYEWNS ACUNTS OF THE RTS BY LGBT PEOPLE MENTN GARLAND AT ALL. DUBERMAN SFFS LOUDLY WHEN I ASK, AND REPEATS NEARLY VERBATIM THE SAME POT CARTER MAK. BUT THE PROXIMY OF GARLAND'S ATH AND HER INIC STAT THE LGBT MUNY WILL FOREVER, AT LEAST ROMANTILLY, LK HER TO STONEWALL.THE RTERS WERE ALL TRANSVT ADVERTISEMENT “THE QUTN OF TRANSVTE PARTICIPATN THE RTS IS PLITED BY DIFFERENC THE GAY MALE MUNY THAT HAVE VELOPED SCE,” CARTER WR REFERENCE TO CROSS-DRSERS, NAMED THEN AS TRANSVT. WHILE THE NEIGHBORHOOD AROUND STONEWALL WAS POPULATED BY WHAT WE WOULD REFER TO TODAY AS LGBT HOMELS YOUTH, BACK THEN THERE WERE DIFFERENT TERPRETATNS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS, CLUDG SO-LLED FLAME AND SRE QUEENS, WHICH DUBERMAN EXPLAED WERE KNOWN FOR DONNG A LS NFORMG SORT OF DRAG, PARTLY UTILIZED TO ELIC MORE SHOCK OM PASSERSBY.CARTER NCLUS THAT “.. LBIAN WHO SET THE CROWD AFIRE WH HER PHYSIL URAGE WAS, OM ALL AVAILABLE EVINCE, NON-GENR-NFORMG AND, VERY POSSIBLY, TRANSGENR.” IMPORTANTLY, CARTER WR THAT A “MON THEME LKS THOSE WHO RISTED FIRST AND FOUGHT THE HARST, AND THAT IS GENR TRANSGRSN.” THE RTERS WERE ALL DRAG QUEENS HEELS, KICKG AND SGGSURE, THERE WERE QUEENS DRAG SPREAD THROUGHOUT. BUT WAS AGA THE “GAY STREET YOUTHS,” CARTER WROTE, WHO “LKED THEIR ARMS AROUND ONE ANOTHER AND KICKED ROCKETTE STYLE,” SGG “THEIR OLD REPRISE” WH A TOPIL WORD REPLACED:WE ARE THE STONEWALL GIRLSWE WEAR OUR HAIR CURLS. ADVERTISEMENT WE WEAR NO UNRWEAR:WE SHOW OUR PUBIC HAIRS.CARTER NFIRMS THIS SONG-AND-DANCE WAS REPEATED TWO OR THREE TIM THROUGH THE FIRST NIGHT, THOUGH ’S BEEN MYTHOLOGIZED TO HAVE HAPPENED MUCH MORE EQUENTLY.STONEWALL WAS THE START OF THE MORN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENTNO, THERE WAS POLIL ACTIVY AND ACTIVISM BEFORE 1969, ED WHICH DIRECTLY AND DIRECTLY FUELED WHAT HAPPENED. AS EARLY AS 1950, ANIZATNS LIKE THE MATTACHE SOCIETY AND THE DGHTERS OF BILIS BEGAN ASSEMBLG, ANIZG, AND ARGUG “AMONG THEMSELV WHAT, IF ANYTHG, THEY SHOULD—OR ULD—DO TO IMPROVE THEIR STANDG AMERIN LIFE,” ERIC MARC WROTE MAKG GAY HISTORY, LATER ADDG THAT SCE 1953 AND NTUG FOR “MORE THAN 20 YEARS, THE FBI NDUCTED EXTENSIVE SURVEILLANCE OF GAY ANIZATNS AND THEIR LEARS.” ONE FAMO 1964 MATTACHE MONSTRATN HAD 10 PEOPLE PICKETG A US ARMY OFFICE NEW YORK CY’S FANCIAL DISTRICT, MANDG THAT “HOMOSEXUALS BE ALLOWED TO ENLIST THE ARY AND PROTTED THE DISHONORABLE DISCHARG ISSUED TO GAY MEN AND LBIANS WHO WERE ROUTELY THROWN OUT OF THE ARY,” ACRDG TO MARC. ADVERTISEMENT A SIAR PICKET TOOK PLACE AT THE WHE HOE A YEAR LATER, WHICH GREW TO AN ANNUAL REMR PICKET ON JULY 4 EVERY YEAR PHILALPHIA. STONEWALL MARKS THE BEGNG OF PRIAGA, NO. THE NOTN OF PRI AS WE KNOW STARTED WH A LOS ANGEL NEWSLETTER LNCHED 1966: THE PERSONAL RIGHTS DEFENSE AND EDUTN (PRIDE) THAT LATER EVOLVED TO BEE THE ADVOTE MAGAZE.AFTER THE RTS, POLIL DIFFERENC WH THE MATTACHE SOCIETY AND LGBT ACTIVISM AT-LARGE LED ACTIVISTS LIKE MARSHA P. JOHNSON AND SYLVIA RIVERA TO FORM ANIZATNS LIKE THE INIC GAY LIBERATN FRONT AND STREET TRANSVTE ACTN REVOLUTNARI (STAR). ADVERTISEMENT A ‘STONEWALL RT’ ULD ONLY HAVE HAPPENED AT STONEWALL JASON BMANN, THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR LLECTN VELOPMENT AT THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY AND CURATOR OF LOVE & RISTANCE: STONEWALL AT 50, TOLD THE DAILY BEAST: “PEOPLE LIKE FOR STONEWALL TO BE THE E. BUT WAS AN EXPRSN OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT HAVG E OF AGE."AS YOU MIGHT EXPECT OF A PROFSNAL ARCHIVIST, BMANN BRGS UP A PELLG REASON TO TRY TO VIS THE LIBRARY’S STONEWALL EXHIB, WHICH NS THROUGH JULY 13. CONSIRG THE LACK OF VISUAL EVINCE AND DOCUMENTS BY WHICH TO EXPERIENCE THE NIGHT OF STONEWALL, THE BT WAY TO PREHEND S RULTS IS TO LOOK AT WHAT ME BEFORE AND THEN LOOK AT WHAT ME AFTER. "STONEWALL WAS THIS PIVOTAL POT,” BMANN TOLD ME, POTG OUT THAT MONSTRATNS PRECEDG OFTEN SHOW A DOZEN PEOPLE BUTTONED-UP GARB AND PURSED LIPS. IN THE FIRST PRI MARCH 1970, THOANDS SHOWED UP. AND THEY WERE ALL DRSED DIFFERENTLY, BOTH OM PRE-STONEWALL PROTTERS AND—A SIGN OF CREASED DIVERSY—OM EACH OTHER. STONEWALL: WHAT HAPPENED NEXT ADVERTISEMENT BMANN IS ALSO BEHD APRIL 2019’S THE STONEWALL REAR, AN ANTHOLOGY OF SAYS AND ARTICL ANALYZG LGBT ACTIVISM THE 1960S, WHICH EXEMPLIFI THAT DIVERSY AND RADIL SPIR. BUT NOT ALL PROGRS IS “HEROIC,” HE SAYS. SOMETIM ’S “UNPLEASANT, A DRAG,” AND SCE ’S MORE MON TO FOC ON THE SO-LLED OL PARTS OF THE LGBT MOVEMENT, LIKE THE STONEWALL RTS, FOR EXAMPLE, “ MAK PEOPLE THK THAT ‘THERE’S A RT, THEN THERE’S GAY MARRIAGE.’” BUT OF URSE, THAT’S NOT HOW CHANGE IS REALIZED. AS BMANN TOLD ME, ’S “LGBT POLIL ANIZG THAT LED TO EVERYTHG.”“IT TAK A KD OF RADIL ENERGY TO GET THGS GOG,” LILLIAN FARMAN TOLD ME, WHICH ALLOWS “LS RADIL PEOPLE WHO HAVE IAS” TO SURFACE THEM. IN OTHER WORDS, THE ENERGY OF STONEWALL ALLOWED THE MOVEMENT TO GO PLAC HADN’T BEEN ABLE TO GO BEFORE, BUT LIKELY WOULDN’T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GO ANYWHERE WHOUT THE TWO S OF POLIL AND GRASSROOTS ANIZATN PREEMPTG . “STONEWALL REPRENTS PEOPLE FIGHTG BACK. IT IS BIG ENOUGH TO CLU ALL THE STORI” NOR DO THAT MEAN THE STYLE OF THE STONEWALL RTS—BT EXEMPLIFIED BY THE RULTG GAY LIBERATN FRONT—WAS PERFECT. AND FACT, THE GLF LLAPSED WH A , S ENERGI STEAD GETTG FOLD TO THE LARGER, MORE RILIENT, AND LS RADIL MOVEMENT THAT DOMAT TODAY.“STONEWALL REPRENTS PEOPLE FIGHTG BACK,” ERIC MARC TOLD ME. NOBODY REALLY KNOWS THE FULL PARTICULARS OF WHAT HAPPENED THAT NIGHT OR BY WHOSE HAND EXACTLY, BUT FOR MARC STONEWALL IS “BIG ENOUGH TO CLU ALL THE STORI.” ADVERTISEMENT EVERYONE THREW THE FIRST BRICK—EVEN, AND PECIALLY, IF DON’T EXIST.“FOR PEOPLE TO ANIZE POLILLY BASED ON THEIR OPPRSN DUE TO THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATN OR GENR INTY WAS ALMOST UNPRECENTED,” ROXANE GAY WR TO TRODUCE THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY’S LOVE AND RISTANCE: OUT OF THE CLOSET TO THE STONEWALL ERA, A BOOK OF PHOTO-SAYS THAT WAS RELEASED JUNE 11. “THOSE WHO DID RISKED THEIR LIVELIHOODS, FAI, SAFETY, AND EEDOM.”FOR SOME, STONEWALL’S STORI—TE OR FALSE—ARE WHAT MATTER MOST BEE THEY’RE WHAT WE RRY WH TO A FUTURE WHERE CHANGE IS POSSIBLE. IN 2016, PRINT BARACK OBAMA SIGNATED GREENWICH VILLAGE’S CHRISTOPHER PARK, AN LGBT-FAVORE PARK ACROSS THE STREET OM STONEWALL, THE FIRST EVER LGBT NATNAL MONUMENT, DITED TO THE STONEWALL RTS. “STONEWALL ULD EASILY HAVE BEEN FOTTEN HAD NOT BEEN FOR WHAT ME AFTER ” BUT AS WE KNOW, THE TYPE OF PROGRS OBAMA'S PRINCY EMBLEMIZED WAS SHORT LIVED. AND BIS, MONUMENTS DON’T END DISCRIMATN. TODAY, MORE STAT SRE LOW (15) ON EQUALY MEASUR THAN SRE HIGH (12). YOU N LEARN ALL KDS OF EFUL RMATN ABOUT LGBTQ+ PROTECTNS THE US AT THE MOVEMENT ADVANCE PROJECT—BUT BE WARNED, ’S NOT THE MOST OPTIMISTIC DATA. ADVERTISEMENT “IT TAK A DRAMATIC EVENT TO TRIGGER WHAT HAPPENS AFTER,” LILLIAN FARMAN TOLD ME. “STONEWALL ULD EASILY HAVE BEEN FOTTEN HAD NOT BEEN FOR WHAT ME AFTER .” SCE WE ARE ALL OF LIVG THE AFTER- RIGHT NOW, OUR NTUED ACTIVISM AND POLIL ENGAGEMENT REMAS THE BT, MOST POWERFUL WAY TO KEEP THE SPIR OF STONEWALL ALIVE. GION GDO

Most gay bars and clubs New York at the time were operated by the Mafia, who paid rptible police officers to look the other way and blackmailed wealthy gay patrons by threateng to “out” them. After the Stonewall Rts, a msage was pated on the outsi of the board-up bar readg, "We homosexuals plead wh out people to please help mata peaceful and quiet nduct on the streets of the village. " This sign was wrten by the Mattache Society–an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay unintified group of young people celebrate outsi the board-up Stonewall Inn after the rts.

”Over the next several nights, gay activists ntued to gather near the Stonewall, takg advantage of the moment to spread rmatn and build the muny that would fuel the growth of the gay rights movement.

Stonewall rts, also lled Stonewall uprisg, seri of vlent nontatns that began the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outsi the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar the Greenwich Village sectn of New York Cy. One such well-known gatherg place for young gay men, lbians, and transgenr people was the Stonewall Inn Greenwich Village, a dark, seedy, crowd bar, reportedly operatg whout a liquor license. Olr groups such as the Mattache Society, which was found southern California as a discsn group for gay men and had flourished the 1950s, soon ma way for more radil groups such as the Gay Liberatn Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA).

In addn to lnchg numero public monstratns to prott the lack of civil rights for gay dividuals, the anizatns often rorted to such tactics as public nontatns wh polil officials and the disptn of public meetgs to challenge and to change the mor of the tim. The broad-based radil activism of many gay men and lbians the 1970s eventually set to motn a new, nondiscrimatory trend ernment polici and helped te society regardg this signifint mory. Photo Cred: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagSometime after midnight on June 28, 1969, what is now regard by many as history’s first major prott on behalf of equal rights for LGBTQ people, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn—a popular gay club loted on New York Cy's Christopher Street—turns vlent as patrons and lol sympathizers beg rtg agast the thori.

Although the police were legally jtified raidg the club, which was servg liquor whout a license, New York’s gay muny had grown weary of the police partment targetg gay clubs, many of which had already been closed.

The Stonewall Rts were followed by several days of monstratns New York and was the impet for the formatn of the Gay Liberatn Front as well as other gay, lbian and bisexual civil rights anizatns. The pk triangle was -opted om the Nazis and reclaimed as a badge of Imag<em>Homosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, 1938.

McDarrah/Getty ImagAfter pourg their drks, a bartenr Juli's Bar ref to serve John Timms, Dick Lesch, Craig Rodwell, and Randy Wicker, members of the Mattache Society who were prottg New York liquor laws that prevented servg gay ctomers, 1966, three members of the Mattache Society, an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay rights, staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s. But between New York’s LGBTQ muny the 1960s beg forced to live on the outskirts of society and the Mafia’s disregard for the law, the two beme a profable, if uneasy, State Liquor Authory and the New York Police Department regularly raid bars that tered to gay patrons. “Fat Tony, ” purchased the Stonewall Inn 1966 and transformed to a gay bar and operate the Stonewall and s other gay bars, the Mafia bribed the NYPD to turn a bld eye to the “cent nduct” occurrg behd closed doors.

On the night of the Stonewall Rts, police barrid themselv si the Stonewall Inn is a bar loted New York Cy’s Greenwich Village that served as a haven the 1960s for the cy’s gay, lbian and transgenr muny. " This sign was wrten by the Mattache Society–an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay reportg the events, The New York Daily News rorted to homophobic slurs s tailed verage, nng the headle: “Homo Nt Raid, Queen Be Are Stgg Mad.

Five months after the rts, activists proposed a rolutn at the Eastern Regnal Conference of Homophile Organizatns Philalphia that a march be held New York Cy to memorate the one-year anniversary of the raid. History & CultureExplaerA June 1969 police raid of the New York bar epted to a days-long rebelln that l a fire unr the fight for LGBTQ 1969, police raids of gay bars Manhattan followed a template.

By the 1960s, homosexualy was clilly classified as a mental disorr, and most municipali the Uned Stat had discrimatory laws that forba same-sex relatnships and nied basic rights to anyone spected of beg gay. Although some gay rights groups had begun to prott this treatment publicly, many LGBTQ people led their liv York Cy, however, was home to a large LGBTQ populatn and a thrivg gay nightlife. Owners, many of whom were associated wh anized crime, saw a bs opportuny terg to a gay clientele; they had also learned to avoid raids by greasg police officers’ palms wh brib.

Loted Greenwich Village, the heart of gay life New York at the time, s patrons were among the most margalized members of New York’s LGBTQ muny—cludg unraged and unhoed dividuals, people of lor, and drag performers.

The movement stoked by the police raid Greenwich Village soon spread to ci across the 1970, a year after the raid, activists led by Craig Rodwell memorated s anniversary wh what they lled Christopher Street Liberatn Day, now regnized as the first gay pri march.

Over the ensug years, the space was divid and ed by a bagel shop, a Che rtrant and other tablishments, cludg a gay bar lled Stonewall that briefly operated at 51 Christopher the late 1980s.

People gathered there to cheer when the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage natnwi 2015; to mourn the next year when a gunman killed 49 people at a gay nightclub Florida; and to prott 2017 when Print Donald Tmp rcd guidance that enuraged lettg transgenr stunts e the bathrooms of their choice school. While promotg the fictn podst "Sorry Charlie Miller, " the actor Zachary Quto talked about g out as gay and beg his thentic self amid a spate of suicis among young LGBTQ people. Former New York Cy Council speaker Christe Qun, who tried 2013 to bee the cy's first female and first openly gay mayor, remembers a rally at the Stonewall as a very meangful "moment about aspiratns and potential" a mpaign that end at the Democratic primary days later.