Reverg the Gay Village: A Comparative Historil Geography of Urban Change and Planng Toronto and Sydney | SprgerLk

Contents:

• DISVER THE 8 GAY VILLAG OM AROUND THE WORLD
• 40 BT GAY DTATNS WORLDWI, ACRDG TO TRAVELERS
• GAY VILLAG AROUND THE WORLD
• THE BT GAY VILLAG IN THE UNED KGDOM FOR FABULO QUEER FUN! ??
• 14 GAY-IENDLY CI THAT LGBT TRAVELLERS LOVE
• 100+ GAYBORHOODS, GAY VILLAG, AND GAYTN DTATNS THE USA
• THE 'GAYTRIFITN' EFFECT: WHY GAY NEIGHBOURHOODS ARE BEG PRICED OUT
• REVERG THE GAY VILLAGE: A COMPARATIVE HISTORIL GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN CHANGE AND PLANNG TORONTO AND SYDNEY
• THE HISTORY OF THE GAY VILLAGE
• THE WORLD'S MOST GAY-FRIENDLY BEACH CI AND RORTS
• BETWEEN “GHETTOS”, “SAFE SPAC” AND “GAYTRIFITN”

DISVER THE 8 GAY VILLAG OM AROUND THE WORLD

The right to change legal genr has been place sce 2012 and anti-discrimatn laws are full force Rosar and the big pal cy, Buenos love Buenos Air bee has one of the bt gay scen across Lat Ameri, which is heavily supported by the ernment, particular Augt when has s BADiversa week every Augt. Gran Canaria also has several gay pri ftivals happeng throughout the year such as the Maspalomas Fetish Week October, Maspalomas Wter Pri November, Carnivals Febary (both Maspalomas and Las Palmas), Maspalomas Gay Pri May and fally numero bear parti October and another of our favoure experienc Gran Canaria was takg a boat trip (n by Canarias Gay) wh iends to the remote beach lled Gui Gui.

Therefore, public displays of affectn (PDAs) and topics like sex and sexualy are thgs Japane do not talk about, though genr norms are more fluid Japan than elsewhere the LGBT people Japan are jt ‘gay for the weekend’ and often even have a ‘normal’ fay durg the rt of the week. California Tower District, Frno Guerneville The Broadway Corridor, Long Beach Castro District, San Francis Palm Sprgs Lavenr Heights, Sacramento Hillcrt, San Diego San Jose Wt Hollywood, Los Angel Oakland Colorado Capol Hill, Denver River North, Denver Connecticut New Haven Delaware Rehoboth Beach “The New P-Town” Move over P-Town, there’s a new flamg gay beach statn town. Petersburg Wilton Manors, Fort Lrdale Geia Midtown, Atlanta Chhire Bridge Road, Atlanta Ansley Mall, Atlanta Detur Idaho North End, Boise Illois Anrsonville, Chigo Edgewater (Hollywood Beach – gay beach) Northalsted, Chigo (aka “Boystown”) Indiana Beverly Shor Bloomgton Downtown, Indianapolis Herron-Morton Place, Indianapolis Mass Ave Arts District, Indianapolis Kentucky The Highlands, Louisville Lols say Louisville is the gayt cy Kentucky (though Lexgton is a close send).

Maryland Mount Vernon, Baltimore Frerick Massachetts Jamai Pla, Boston South End, Boston Salem Somerville Northampton Provcetown (aka “P-Town”) For s, Provcetown, aka P-Town, has been one of the most popular (if not, THE most popular) gaytn spots the US, and the world. Michigan Douglas Ferndale, Detro Eastown, Grand Rapids Kerrytown, Ann Arbor @urtneytheexplorer Geo, geo, Grand Rapids ⭐️ (AD) Jt 3 hours om Chigo, you’ll fd Grand Rapids, Michigan, an up-and-g queer-iendly cy recently ranked one of the gayt ci Ameri! Louis Nebraska Old Market, Omaha Nevada F Loop, Las Vegas New Hampshire Keene Somersworth New Jersey Asbury Park Atlantic Cy Cape May Collgswood Jersey Cy, Hudson County Maplewood, Essex County Mill Hill (Trenton), Mercer County Ocean Grove, Monmouth County Plafield, Unn County South Orange, Essex County New Mexi Albuquerque Santa Fe New York Chelsea, New York Cy (Manhattan) Christopher Street, Wt Village/Greenwich Village, New York Cy (Manhattan) Hell’s Kchen, New York Cy (Manhattan) Inwood, New York Cy (Manhattan) Washgton Heights, New York Cy (Manhattan) Park Slope, New York Cy (Brooklyn) Jackson Heights, New York Cy (Queens) Allentown, Buffalo Park Avenue, Rochter Hawley-Green Historic District, Syrace Lark Street, Albany Cherry Grove & Fire Island P Wele to “Ameri’s First Gay and Lbian Town.

40 BT GAY DTATNS WORLDWI, ACRDG TO TRAVELERS

The Gayborhood), Philalphia Wt Mount Airy, Philalphia New Hope, Bucks County Shadysi, Ptsburgh Mexin War Streets, Ptsburgh Puerto Ri Condado, San Juan Puerto Ri is one of the most acceptg travel statns the Caribbean for los gays and ranked one of the bt plac to travel for lbians.

GAY VILLAG AROUND THE WORLD

Same-sex marriage has been legal sce 2013, and LGBTQ people enjoy full adoptn rights this, TaiwanAsia isn’t known for beg acceptg of the LGBTQ muny or protectg s rights, but a handful of plac this part of the world are gay-iendly, most notably Taipei. We may earn a missn if you buy through lks on our / 13Expand Your HorizonsDo a quick search onle for "gay-iendly travel, " and you'll fd the ual spects — New York Cy, Chigo, Palm Sprgs, Miami — but there are plenty of smaller ci and towns that are jt as enticg to LGBTQ travelers.

Related: College Towns That Parents Won't Want to LeaveDenisTangneyJr/istockphoto10 / 13Santa Fe, New MexiPopulatn: 84, 683Travel and Leisure rears voted Santa Fe one of the bt ci for gay travel, part for s sizable LGBTQ populatn, s year-round outdoor ameni, and s unique history. Affluent and unhampered by children – or so the myth go – this group is always the g vanguard of gentrifyg areas, pricg out long-term lols and leavg behd a trail of look-but-don’t-touch furnure shops and overpriced are urban gay people who are watchg their stutns and neighbourhoods disappear merely reapg what they sowed? The muny anisatn LGBT Detro has been tryg to enurage the (unofficial) foundg of a gay village the cy, as a way of providg more solidary and support for a muny that’s weaker for beg geographilly the anisatn’s director Curtis Lipsb explas: “We had a few areas where LGBT people moved to after the send world war, but they lasted only until the last major whe flight, when a large number of whe gays and lbians moved to the northern suburbs.

THE BT GAY VILLAG IN THE UNED KGDOM FOR FABULO QUEER FUN! ??

In dog so, we ntribute to the ongog bat about the nature, characteristics, and implitns of the shiftg fortun of some tradnal gay villag the Global beg by discsg geographil scholarship on the emergence of gay villag the Global North wh an emphasis on ntemporary lerature tailg the perceived “cle” of some longstandg gay villag, cludg those Toronto and Sydney.

Throughout, the acronym LGBT (lbian, gay, bisexual, trans) refers to inti grouped together to reflect llective terts and muny as genred and sexual mori, while queer not a ntemporary moment when some dividuals reject a genred and sexual specificy but still posn themselv wh non-normative genr and sexual unrstandgs—a posng reflected recent urban chang. This rearch highlights the domant role that gay men (maly whe and middle-class) played the velopment and growth of gay villag, ially through their appropriatn of plac for safety and support to their e of the neighborhoods for polil, social, and enomic secury and activism (Castells 1983; Chncey 1994; Doan and Higgs 2011; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Knopp 1990; Lewis 2012; Nash 2006).

The HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s helped cement villag as hubs of LGBT life, and plac such as Toronto and Sydney they provid re servic cludg hospice re, outreach, health tn, and unselg servic (Ksman 1996; Warner 2002; Willett 2000a; Wotherspoon 1991) the 1980s, gay villag were creasgly ught up broar urban social and enomic procs that saw them rporated, through the neoliberal policy iativ of the entreprenrial cy, to creasgly modified and nsumable urban landsp (Bell and Bnie 2002; Bnie 2000; Bnie and Skeggs 2004; Visser 2008). This amg of a “homonormative polic” has prompted some to argue that we nnot unrstand this to be a universal or monolhic rult and that we need to attend to the “difference, unevenns and geographil specificy” of genred and sexual relatns the gay village and beyond (Brown 2009: 1498) recent scholarship suggts, ntemporary gay villag, cludg those Toronto and Sydney, are experiencg forms of “gayg” wh broar polil, social, and enomic procs at work many Global North ci (Colls 2004; Rutg 2008; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Nash 2013a; Visser 2013).

14 GAY-IENDLY CI THAT LGBT TRAVELLERS LOVE

” While many argue this new visibily is only available to certa normatively genred and sexualized gays and lbians, others suggt the spatial chang reflect greater acceptance of sexual and genred difference, as well as a growg social hn across a wi variety of neighborhoods (Ghaziani 2021; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009; Nash 2013a; Visser 2013). Neverthels, as scholars argue, while some gays and lbians are able to fully tegrate to the mastream, others ntue to be margalized as “queer, ” that is, as those livg outsi of the homonormative liftyl supported by legislative and social change (Bnie 2004; Ghaziani 2011; see also Duggan 2003; Richardson 2005) lerature also suggts that gay villag are cle bee of creased ter and social media e (Mil 2021), allowg LGBT and queer dividuals to fd other like-md dividuals whout the need for exprsly LGBT and queer spac such as gay villag (Mil 2021; Mowlaboc 2010; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2019a; Usher and Morrison 2010). The lotns are arguably of ltle tert to newer generatns, who are able to experience a wir variety of lotns, inti, and subjectivi, and who are ls terted, perhaps, subscribg to sentialized gay and lbian inti associated wh gay Toronto and Sydney clu well-tablished gay villag, which over the last thirty years have been fully tegrated to the fabric of each cy’s downtown re.

Given that both villag and related events, such as Pri and Mardi Gras, are ed to monstrate their cy’s smopolanism and petivens, mastream terts, cludg lol municipal uncils and LGBT anizatns, are ncerned about the potential fate of their gay neighborhoods.

While is beyond the spe of this chapter to lay out tail the siari between Toronto’s and Sydney’s gay village velopment, we would argue that our own work documents the notably siar polil, enomic, and social histori of the ongog velopment of gay villag Toronto and Sydney (Gorman-Murray and Nash 2014, 2017; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2014; Nash 2006, 2013a).

100+ GAYBORHOODS, GAY VILLAG, AND GAYTN DTATNS THE USA

LGBT and queer polil and social activism wh discrete natnal ntexts has been markedly siar but wh varyg and distctive differenc (Tremblay, Paternotte and Johnson 2011) the followg sectns, we nsir their rpective historil geographi through three specific them—post World War II planng polici, the emergence of “cy of neighborhoods” disurs, and the posng of gay villag wh neoliberal procs of modifitn and nsumerism. In keepg wh the histori of other North Amerin LGBT neighborhoods, Toronto’s post-war homosexual populatn cltered and around the ls sirable areas, able to live relatively open liv among other margalized groups the Bloor and Church Street district (Egan 1998) the post-World War II perd, Cy of Toronto planng polici were directed largely toward the ner suburbs surroundg the cy of Toronto. Taken together, the new urban social movements, the velopment of stable ethnic enclav, and the growg gay and lbian rights movement enuraged an unrstandg of the Church and Wellley Street neighborhood as one worth protectg as a legimate polil and social terrory for gays and lbians to participate cy life (Nash 2006).

Scholars have documented the important role that gay men and lbians played as early gentrifiers margal lotns Toronto, cludg the impact of gay men the Cabbagetown neighborhood adjacent to the nascent gay village the early 1970s (Bouthillette 1994). 2 Neoliberalism and Toronto’s Gay VillageIn the 1990s, Canadian ci, cludg Toronto, experienced creasg fancial stra as the Ontar provcial and feral ernments began shiftg the sts of welfare and social programs, and astcture repair and management, to lol municipali. Cy thori unrstood the importance of “place-makg” creatg a posive cy image, makg them mags for employment, dtry, and the early 2000s, Toronto’s gay village (as wh other gay villag North Ameri, Europe and Atralia) was fully rporated to the fabric of the post-dtrial entreprenrial cy that knted together modified, nsumer-based neighborhoods wh downtown urban liftyl (Bnie and Skeggs 2004; Nash 2013a, b).

THE 'GAYTRIFITN' EFFECT: WHY GAY NEIGHBOURHOODS ARE BEG PRICED OUT

In a manner siar to other lotns the Global North, the gay village’s rporatn to modified urban landsp is a reflectn part of the aspiratns of some gay men and lbians for cln a neoliberal polics that rults the privilegg of some gay men and lbians who sire to live wh middle class, genr-normative, monogamo upledom—a form of homonormalizatn (Duggan 2003). In ntrast wh “faial” suburbia, nighttime ner-cy Sydney was imaged as a se of vice and immoraly, bt seen the clubs, prostutn, and crime associated wh the red-light district the ner east suburb of Kg’s Cross (Johnson 2000; Dunn 2011) was such limal ner-cy spac that Sydney’s gay and lbian subcultur emerged, which historians suggt were more ncentrated and visible than other Atralian ci (Wotherspoon 1991). Amidst the mobile, relatnal geographi of the post-war perd, the nfluence of rights, polics, cremental social change, and an cipient geographil anchor provid the material foundatn for a gay village Sydney, centered on Oxford Street, eventually known by that same moniker (Fig.

REVERG THE GAY VILLAGE: A COMPARATIVE HISTORIL GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN CHANGE AND PLANNG TORONTO AND SYDNEY

1 Consolidatn of a Gay Neighborhood: Sydney the 1970s to the 1990sThe nsolidatn of Oxford Street as a gay area occurred quickly, wh actns of the gay muny spired by gay neighborhoods emergg San Francis’s Castro and Los Angel’s Wt Hollywood (Wotherspoon 1991).

Durg the s, gay prs offic proliferated; gay rights groups reloted to the neighborhood; health servic aimed at gay clientele moved (GPs, ntists, unselors, and HIV/AIDS servic); and servic for gay youth (Twenty10) or relig gays (Metropolan Communy Church) were tablished (Rutg 2008) Street’s velopment has entailed succs and failur.

Parallel wh such chang NSW parliament, a geographil hub for LGBT muny anizatns and learship (and mercial and sex venu, and rints) allowed for a ordated, jot rponse om the state and the gay muny to HIV/AIDS the early 1980s, generatg one of the most effective rpons globally, targetg safer sex msag at the gay muny, keepg fectn rat relatively low (c. The lol ernment (Cy of Sydney Council) and reprentativ for the NSW electorate have nsistently champned LGBT neighborhood has been an enomic succs too, highlighted by the Sydney Gay and Lbian Mardi Gras Ftival, a month-long LGBT ftival rporatg a famo para along Oxford Street, dance parti, a film ftival, and cultural and sportg events.

THE HISTORY OF THE GAY VILLAGE

Rearchers suggt several reasons for this cle as a gay lole, cludg creasg straight rints (and venu) due to the “cultural che” of the gay village; risg rents pricg out gay rints and bs; and onle works, rcg the need for a spatial ncentratn of social venu. 6(Source Image by Andrew Gorman-Murray)Kg Street, Newtown, Sydney, 2020, wh The Bank Hotel flyg LGBT flags (right hand si of the street)Full size imageWhile Oxford Street is typilly unrstood as a gay male space, Newtown and the ner wt are seen to provi a home for a broar sexual and genr mographic, cludg lbians, queer women, and trans people. Sce then, Sydney as well as Toronto, the lol cy uncils have rporated their “gay villag” to “cy of neighborhoods” disurs, aimed at boostg iativ around creative dtri, marketg, and tourism by modifyg the diversy, smopolanism, and liftyle of the ner cy.

THE WORLD'S MOST GAY-FRIENDLY BEACH CI AND RORTS

Sce that time, Oxford Street has ntued to cle materially and imagatively as the gay village wh Sydney, while Newtown and the ner wt have ntued to solidify as queer neighborhoods (Gorman-Murray and Nash 2014, 2017; Gorman-Murray and Wat 2009) a rult of the different polil and terrorial legaci of Church-Wellley and Oxford Street, seems that late 2000s disurs about the terratn of gay villag arguably promoted bat about the prervatn and future of Church-Wellley before reached the state of cle beg experienced by Oxford Street.

Wh outstandg mms, distctive archecture (cludg several treasur by Antoni Gdi) a lively gay nightlife scene centered mostly around the sophistited Eixample district, and an abundance of stylish rtrants and hotels, Barcelona is a terrific statn for urban, yet there's a sweepg and betiful gay beach, Barceloa, jt mut om the cy center. The regn has been eclipsed by nearby Fort Lrdale recent year's as the state's top gay statn, but you'll still fd plenty of gays and lbians livg and playg the parts - and visg durg the several big gay circu parti held South Beach each year, om Wter Party to Whe Party to Miami Gay Pri. The largt cy on the famoly swank and sophistited French Riviera, Nice (populatn 350, 000) is not que a gay playground on the same plane as such Euro-queer hot spots as Ibiza and Mykonos, but this stylish cy wh an outstandg variety of tony rtrants and shops do have a growg gay prence (this is also te, by the way, of nearby Cann, which is smaller but also is beg creasgly popular wh gay travelers).

BETWEEN “GHETTOS”, “SAFE SPAC” AND “GAYTRIFITN”

R Janeiro jtly renowned for s sugary beach, and a party-driven, ftive gay scene that's ncentrated chiefly around trendy Ipanema and the more touristy Copabana areas, both of which ont the ocean and are ial for glazg, joggg, or playg the sun and sea. Sydney's gay scene is foced tradnally around Oxford Street, a 20-mute walk om the much-photographed Inner Harbour and Sydney Opera Hoe, but nearby ner suburbs like Newtown, Erskeville, and Glebe have sizable LGBT populatns and many mixed bars and rtrants.

3Many thors argue that this mol of the “Gay Village”, often centred on the realy of Anglo-Saxon ci (and particularly north Amerin, or eventually European s), do not ver or reprent the plexy of practic, attus and reprentatns that embodi the spatiali of LGBT life those ci - which naturally do not rtrict to the areas - neher acplish the diversy and plexy of inti herent to them. Another important aspect that is also seen the analysis of cultural quarters and LGBT neighbourhoods is related to their own terrorial characteristics, which are sential the nurturg of creative terrorially-embedd dynamics (such as the existence of ndns of openns, tolerance, diversy, limaly), which are also fundamental for the settlement and velopment of “gay villag” and “queer terrori”.

12In what ncerns to the send stream, the analysis of "gay neighbourhoods", a wi range of lerature n be found recent s the fields of geography, soclogy, urbanism or cultural and queer studi, standg out the broar amework of the analysis of LGBT and queer geographi wh urban space.