Gay, L. R. (1996). Edutnal Rearch: Competenci for Analysis and Applitn. New Jersey: Merrill.

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They were dichotomoly classified as eher homosexual (n = 935) or heterosexual (n = 4187). Handns is a bmarker of variatn anal sex role behavr and Relled Childhood Genr Nonnformy among gay men.

This study primarily explored the anizatnal stcture wh terscholastic athletics to terme if the barriers that women faced achievg learship rol were the rult of homologo reproductn whereby those power sta their power by tablishg anizatns their own image (Knoppers 1987; Lovett and Lowry 1994; Stangl and Kane 1991) or another nstct such as sex-role theory or genr-based schematic procsg (Koivula 1995). This study sought to reaffirm the prevailg notn that athletics remas the prerve of men and to terme if the anizatnal stctur of the past, those good old boys’ works, were still Theoretil PerspectivWhen nsirg how the current anizatnal stctur that tend to place women at a disadvantage regardg reer opportuni wh terscholastic athletics, their plight may be amed wh three theoretil nstcts—hegemonic masculy, role theory, and homologo reproductn.

Homologo ReproductnKanter (1977) not that as “women populate anizatns, they practilly never n them” (p. Jt as men have mataed their ntrol of most bs anizatns by ensurg their replacements are clon of themselv (Kanter 1977), the proposn has been put forward that those who ntrol terscholastic athletics do so through the procs of homologo reproductn (Knoppers 1987; Lovett and Lowry 1994; Stangl and Kane 1991). By havg so few women learship rol sport, women have been treated differently than men which has led to occupatnal stereotypg sport anizatns such as terscholastic proposn put forward by Knoppers (1987) that the role of women sport above the level of athlete has been supprsed by homologo reproductn was tted terscholastic sports by both Stangl and Kane (1991) and Lovett and Lowry (1994).

They surmised that the male hegemony evint Oh’s terscholastic sports was beg staed through homologo reproductn. PurposeThis study sought to terme if evince of hegemonic masculy existed terscholastic athletics and if the anizatnal stcture at those high schools suggted the prence of homologo reproductn. Was the genr of a high school’s prcipal related to the genr of the school’s athletic director creatg an anizatnal stcture that would support the notn of homologo reproductn, i.

Was the genr of the athletic director related to the genr of the head ach of three specific girls’ teams creatg an anizatnal stcture that would support the notn of homologo reproductn, i. Wh a populatn of 20, 330 schools, an appropriate sample size was termed to be 377 schools (Gay 1996). At the head ach level while men did not domate the learship rol girls’ sports, their overwhelmg domance achg boys’ sports rerc the prence of hegemonic send objective was to terme if the genr of a high school’s prcipal was related to the genr of the school’s athletic director creatg an anizatnal stcture that would support the notn of homologo reproductn, i.

The third objective was to terme if the genr of the athletic director was related to the genr of the head ach of three specific girls’ teams creatg an anizatnal stcture that would support the notn of homologo reproductn, i. Interscholastic athletics, as monstrated by the fdgs remas a homogeno stutn that appears to favor men s learship rol rather than women. By men havg such ntrol of the learship posns, hegemonic masculy ntu to permeate sports at the grassroots level of terscholastic this study provid a snapshot of the existg anizatnal stcture of athletic partments terms of the genr of ach, athletic directors, and prcipals, a noteworthy limatn to the fdgs was that the data llectn method did not allow for any asssment regardg who hired who, a key assumptn of Kanter’s (1977) theory of homologo reproductn.