Homophobia appears to be greater sport settgs than others. However, ltle is known about whether lbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) young people exper
Contents:
- THE BEST BORX GAY CLUBS & BARSGAY CLUBS & BARS BORX
- LIX DRAGUE GAY BORX
- JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ASSISTANT STRENGTH ACH KEV MAXEN OUT PUBLICLY AS GAY
- JAGUARS ASSISTANT KEV MAXEN IS FIRST MALE NFL ACH TO E OUT AS GAY
- NEW ‘GAY WATER’ LOOKS TO AVOID BUD LIGHT DISASTER
- JAGUARS ASSOCIATE STRENGTH ACH KEV MAXEN OUT AS GAY A FIRST FOR US-BASED PRO LEAGU
- BORX’S GAY AND LGBTQ BARS
- GAY AND GAY-IENDLY HOTELS BORX
- 2022 CHATE LE GAY
- BORX GAY BARS & CLUBS
- THE BEST BORX GAY CLUBS & BARSSEE ALL THGS TO DOGAY CLUBS & BARS BORX
- THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN ‘COMG OUT’ AS LBIAN, GAY, OR BISEXUAL AND EXPERIENC OF HOMOPHOBIC BEHAVUR YOUTH TEAM SPORTS
- BORX GAY MAP
- KEV MAXEN BE FIRST MALE ACH A US MEN’S PROFSNAL SPORTS LEAGUE TO PUBLICLY E OUT AS GAY
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Per Outsports, Maxen is the “first publicly out male ach a major Amerin men’s pro sports league,” wh WNBA ach Curt Miller, who publicly me out to the media as gay 2015, also a publicly out male ach an Amerin profsnal sports league. Before jog Jacksonville’s achg staff, he was a strength ach for the football teams at Baylor and Febary 2022, Maxen reached out to NFL player Carl Nassib, who me out as gay 2021, to seek advice.
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Kev Maxen, Jaguars assistant strength and ndng ach, is the first male ach a major U.S. men’s profsnal sports league to e out as gay. * gay sport bordeaux *
No NFL ach had ever publicly e out as gay, so Maxen, an assistant strength and ndng ach for the Jacksonville Jaguars, kept quiet about his sexual that ma him angry — at himself. Acrdg to the article, Maxen ma his cisn to do so last year and reached out for advice om Carl Nassib, who 2021 beme the NFL’s first out gay active player as a member of the Las Vegas was Nassib who put Maxen ntact wh Outsports.
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He noted that the nctn aims “to stigmatize the word ‘gay’ by brgg reprentatn to spac that have not tradnally featured queer products, such as bars, liquor stor, grocery stor, rtrants, hotels and more. He told CNN that he worked wh a queer signer to base Gay Water’s red, purple, green and orange lor scheme on pop art and 1990s televisn shows om Nickeloon, a ble work for children.
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However, ltle is known about whether lbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) young people experience discrimatory behavur team sports bee of their sexualy and whether g out to sport teammat is associated wh homophobic behavur.
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MethodThis study ed a sample (N = 1173; 15–21 years; llected 2014–2015) om six untri (Uned Stat, Uned Kgdom, Canada, Atralia, New Zealand, Ireland) to exame whether LGB youth who ‘e out’ to teammat experience homophobic behavur.
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Multivariate logistic regrsn mols adjtg for age, genr, untry and ntact sport participatn found that participants who ‘me out’ as beg LGB to sports teammat were signifintly more likely to report beg a target of homophobic behavur. LGB experienc of homophobic behavur appear mon overall this sample, but are greater those who have e out to ImplitnSports admistrators and ernments need to velop programs and enforce polici that create safe sports environments where LGB youth n participate whout enunterg homophobic behavur. Acrdgly, playg a team sport uld be of particular benef to lbian, gay, and bisexual youth (LGB) who experience disproportnally high rat of prsn, suicidaly, and self-harm (Blais et al., 2015; Kann et al., 2018; Birkett et al., 2015; Lourie & Needham, 2016; Mereish & Poteat, 2015).
However, recent populatn studi, such as large-sle longudal rearch (N ≈ 99, 000) Canadian high schools, have found that LGB youth are nsistently ls likely to report playg a team sport than heterosexual youth (Doull et al., 2018) most recent wave of data the Canadian study shows that the largt dispary is between gay and heterosexual mal, wh gay mal reportg active participatn team sports at half the rate of heterosexual peers (32.
1% of femal reported playg a team sport durg the last 12 months pared wh 40% of gay/bisexual mal and 38% of lbian/bisexual are multiple reasons why a young person may choose to play, or not to play, team sports. Lerature reviews and ernment reports the Uned Kgdom (UK), Canada and Atralia suggt that homophobia and homophobic behavur are likely to be a primary participatn terrent (Brackenridge et al., 2007; Government of Brish Columbia, 2017; Greenspan et al., 2019a; Sport and Recreatn Victoria, 2017; Sport England, 2018; UK Government, 2015).
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A recent UK Parliamentary Inquiry (Digal, Culture, Media, Culture, and Sport Commtee, (UK), 2017) also lled for actn by sports erng bodi to end homophobia and homophobic behavur bee had “ser ncerns over the effects of low participatn among LGB youth on their mental and physil health and well-beg … It appears that young players and athlet sometim feel (due to fear of beg the target of discrimatn) that they have to make the active choice between eher g out or ntug to participate their chosen sport” (p. 9) Parliamentarians highlighted the need for quantative rearch examg the extent to which LGB youth experience homophobic behavur team sports and the impacts of that behavur. Although there is a pcy of published rearch wh LGB youth, is reasonable to suggt that homophobic behavur would be a factor lower participatn rat light of quantative evince that homophobic behavur team sports has a range of negative impacts on LGB young adults (Pistella et al., 2020) cludg terrg them om participatn (Bac et al., 2018).
Quantative studi (Herek, 2007, 2015; Herek & McLemore, 2013) non-sport environments have also found that LGB youth avoid environments, or hi their sexualy, settgs where homophobic behavur is mon and where those that e out (reveal their sexualy) as LGB are likely to be the target of homophobic behavur. For example, LGB youth are more likely to avoid school if they perceive homophobic attus and behavur to be mon and if they have been the target of this behavur (Black et al., 2012).
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Rearch has scribed homophobic attus and behavur to be mon youth team sports (Brackenridge et al., 2007; Greenspan et al., 2019a; Morrow & Gill, 2003; O’Brien et al., 2013; Osborne & Wagner, 2007; Southall et al., 2011).
Rearch Canadian high-schools has also found that 89% of LGB stunts who entered locker rooms or school sport environments reported hearg homophobic language (e. For example, a recent study of Amerin youth (N = 71; 13–18 years) reported half of LGB participants had experienced sexualy-based harassment or asslts the last year while playg sports and scribed “immense feelgs of disfort, and mimal ally ship or effective terventn om athletic staff even the face of blatant homophobic and transphobic ments (om others)” (Greenspan et al., 2019a, p.
Gay people) who do not nform to tradnal genr rol and norms are rejected and nigrated (Cunngham, 2019; Greenspan et al., 2019a; Osborne & Wagner, 2007; Stefeldt et al., 2012) and women also report beg stigmatised/stereotyped as lbians and experience discrimatn if they play tradnally male team sports (Greenspan et al., 2019a; Jean & Kay, 2007). Homophobic behavur both male and female youth team sports appears to have multiple purpos cludg beg ed by athlet to distance themselv om homosexualy, signal their nformy to genr norms, facilate bondg (e.
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However, tailed studi by Anrson, Adams, Magrath and lleagu suggt that homophobic attus and behavurs are no longer as mon team sport environments as the lerature above would suggt (Adams & Anrson, 2012; Anrson et al., 2016; Magrath, 2017; Bh et al., 2012). Anrson and lleagu ethnographic rearch suggts high school, universy and muny-based levels of sport are now “safe spac” for gay and lbian athlet wh few reportg beg the target of homophobic behavur (Anrson et al., 2016, p. Magrath (2017) acknowledg that the e of words such as ‘fag’ and rogatory jok about gay people rema mon sport, but also suggts this “homosexually-themed” behavur is not necsarily directed toward LGB athlet and is not nsired by LGB athlet to be “homophobic” (p.
Instead of seeg this language as damagg to LGB youth, some studi suggt this language and phras such as ‘that’s so gay’ are ed whout malice or homophobic tent and provi a bondg mechanism between heterosexual and gay men. (2016) suggt that low participatn rat of gay men sport may not be due to homophobia per se, but uld be related to other factors cludg tast and preferenc as well as wir social factors. Our foc was on whether participants who had e out as LGB to their teammat were more, ls or equally as likely as those who remaed closeted to report they had been the target of homophobic behavur.
Southall et al., 2011) has found higher levels of homophobia male ntact ball sports, we created a dichotomo variable to dite (0 = No, 1 = Y) whether participants who had specifilly played a ntact ball sport (i. While there are a number of measur of general bullyg, there was no existg measure to specifilly asss whether an LGB person had experienced (been a target) of homophobic behavur wh team sports.
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The anisatns clud the Atralian Government, Internatnal Gay Rugby, Bgham Cup Sydney 2014, Internatnal Feratn of Gay Gam, You Can Play (chary), ACON (health chary) and the Commonwealth Bank of Atralia. Participants were asked to participate a “study to the lbian, gay, bisexual muny’s experienc, primarily anised and petive team sport which will greatly assist helpg the wir muny unrstand issu affectg the LGB muny.
Fally, rds advertisg the study and iPads wh direct lks to the survey were provid to sportspeople and spectators at two ternatnal sportg events: The Gay Gam (Cleveland) and the Sydney Bgham Cup (world-cup of gay and clive gby).
THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN ‘COMG OUT’ AS LBIAN, GAY, OR BISEXUAL AND EXPERIENC OF HOMOPHOBIC BEHAVUR YOUTH TEAM SPORTS
Multivariate logistic regrsn mols tted the relatnship between experiencg homophobic behavur and mographic variabl (genr, age, untry), ntact ball sports participatn and g out to teammat.
We also report mean and (standard viatns) for ageFull size tableTable 2 Spearman’s rrelatn efficients for all variablFull size tableAs n be seen Table 3, after acuntg for other variabl the mol, only genr (beg male) and g out to teammat were associated wh experiencg homophobic behavur. OR) wh 95% nfince tervals for bivariate and multivariate associatns between the variabl of tert and havg enuntered homophobic behavurFull size tableDiscsnThere had been no quantative rearch examg whether g out as LGB to sport teammat is associated wh beg more or ls likely to be a target of homophobic behavur a sport settg.
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The prent study examed this qutn a multi-untry sample and found that g out a team sport settg was associated wh a greater odds rat for experiencg homophobic behavur.
More broadly, a large proportn of the sample reported havg been the target of this behavur sport, regardls of whether they had e out to teammat or had been some suggtn the rearch lerature (Southall et al., 2011) that participatg ntact ball sports might be associated wh more experienc of homophobic behavur. However, nsistent wh prev studi (Brackenridge et al., 2007; O’Brien et al., 2013), mal our study were found to have higher odds rats for beg the target of homophobic behavur than femal.
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Although the unadjted odds of havg enuntered homophobic behavur the Uned Kgdom and New Zealand appear to be higher and lower, rpectively, when pared wh the Uned Stat (Table 3), after adjtg for other factors, there was no signifint difference the odds of enunterg homophobic behavur.
Non-sport settgs would be of tert, as would rearch examg differenc across untri and different paper provis new evince suggtg that homophobic behavurs rema problematic youth team sport settgs. However, the fdgs differ to the ncln of several studi that suggt LGB people who e out team sports do not experience discrimatn, and, therefore, homophobic behavur is not an ongog issue (Anrson et al., 2016; Magrath, 2017). Collectively, the rults of the prent and other studi suggt that homophobic behavur is monly enuntered youth sports environments (Greenspan et al., 2019a; Shaw, 2019).
Regardls, rearch on the effects of stigma suggts that such behavur do negatively impact LGB youth, and acrdgly, they may be more likely to try to avoid environments, such as sport, due to the prence of this homophobic behavur (Herek, 2007, 2015). This may also expla the large dispari team sports participatn between LGB youth and their heterosexual peers reported by recent populatn studi (Doull et al., 2018; Kann et al., 2018) the target of homophobic behavur is harmful and associated wh higher rat of suici, self-harm and prsn among LGB youth (Birkett et al., 2015; Burton et al., 2013; Lourie & Needham, 2016), whereas playg team sports a safe and supportive environment, ee of discrimatory behavur, has been shown to provi LGB youth wh many psychosocial benefs (Blais et al., 2015). Endg discrimatory behavurs and enuragg more LGB youth to play team sports has the potential to help close the gap across a wi range of negative psychosocial and health dispari between LGB youth and their peers (Greenspan et al., 2019a) rults provi empiril support to lls by other scholars (Greenspan et al., 2019b), LGB advot (Englefield et al., 2016), tors (GLSEN, 2013) and policy makers var untri (Digal, Culture, Media, Culture, and Sport Commtee, (UK), 2017; Shaw, 2019) for actn on homophobic behavur by sport anisatns.