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The road to full marriage equaly for same-sex upl the Uned Stat was paved wh setbacks and victori. The landmark 2015 Supreme Court se Obergefell v. Hodg ma gay marriage legal throughout the untry.

Contents:

GAY MARRIAGE

* when gay marriage started *

Early Years: Same-Sex Marriage Bans In 1970, jt one year after the historic Stonewall Rts that galvanized the gay rights movement, law stunt Richard Baker and librarian Jam McConnell applied for a marriage license Gerald Nelson rejected their applitn bee they were a same-sex uple, and a trial urt upheld his cisn. ” This lg effectively blocked feral urts om lg on same-sex marriage for s, leavg the cisn solely the hands of stat, which alt blow after blow to those hopg to see gay marriage beg 1973, for stance, Maryland beme the first state to create a law that explicly f marriage as a unn between a man and woman, a belief held by many nservative relig groups.

Though the gay rights movement saw some advancements the 1970s and 1980s—such as Harvey Milk beg the first openly gay man elected to public office the untry 1977—the fight for gay marriage ma ltle headway for many years. In 1989, the San Francis Board of Supervisors passed an ordance that allowed homosexual upl and unmarried heterosexual upl to register for domtic partnerships, which granted hospal visatn rights and other years later, the District of Columbia siarly passed a new law that allowed same-sex upl to register as domtic partners.

MANY BRONS HAVE CHANGED THEIR MDS ON GAY MARRIAGE

'The View' star Alyssa Farah Griff revealed why she agre wh the Supreme Court's lg favor of a signer who do not support gay marriage. * when gay marriage started *

C., 1993, the hight urt Hawaii led that a ban on same-sex marriage may vlate that state nstutn’s Equal Protectn Clse—the first time a state urt has ever ched toward makg gay marriage Hawaii Supreme Court sent the se—brought by a gay male uple and two lbian upl who were nied marriage licens 1990—back for further review to the lower First Circu Court, which 1991 origally dismissed the the state tried to prove that there was “pellg state tert” jtifyg the ban, the se would be tied up ligatn for the next three Defense of Marriage Act Opponents of gay marriage, however, did not s on their hnch.

Congrs 1996 passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which Print Bill Clton signed to didn’t ban gay marriage outright but specified that only heterosexual upl uld be granted feral marriage benefs. That is, even if a state ma gay marriage legal, same-sex upl still wouldn’t be able to file e tax jotly, sponsor spo for immigratn benefs or receive spoal Social Secury payments, among many other act was a huge setback for the marriage equaly movement, but transient good news arose three months later: Hawaii Judge Kev S. Phg for Change: Civil Unns The next saw a whirlwd of activy on the gay marriage ont, begng wh the year 2000 when Vermont beme the first state to legalize civil unns, a legal stat that provis most of the state-level benefs of years later, Massachetts beme the first state to legalize gay marriage when the Massachetts Supreme Court led that same-sex upl had the right to marry Goodridge v.

THE VIEW STAR REVEALS WHY SHE AGRE WH SUPREME COURT LG FOR SIGNER WHO OPPOS GAY MARRIAGE

California voters will be asked to affirm gay marriage rights on the 2024 ballot followg Prop. 8 ncerns about the state nstutn. * when gay marriage started *

2004 was notable for upl many other stat as well, though for the oppose reason: Ten typilly nservative stat, along wh Oregon, enacted state-level bans on gay marriage.

CALIFORNIA VOTERS WILL BE ASKED TO REAFFIRM GAY MARRIAGE PROTECTNS ON 2024 BALLOT

Isaac Choter and the journalist Sasha Issenberg discs the recent succs of the gay-rights movement, particularly the legalizatn of same-sex marriage. * when gay marriage started *

Kansas and Texas were next 2005, and 2006 saw seven more stat passg Constutnal amendments agast gay towards the end of the , gay marriage beme legal var stat, cludg Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont (the first state to approve by legislative means) and New Hampshire. Domtic Partnerships Throughout the and the begng of the next, California equently ma headl for seawg on the gay marriage state was the first to pass a domtic partnership statute 1999, and legislators tried to pass a same-sex marriage bill 2005 and 2007.

Perry legalized same-sex marriage early 2010s ntued the state-level battl over gay marriage that fed the precedg , wh at least one notable event. For the first time the untry’s history, voters (rather than judg or legislators) Mae, Maryland, and Washgton approved Constutnal amendments permtg same-sex marriage marriage also beme a feral issue 2010, Massachetts, the first state to legalize gay marriage, found Sectn 3 of DOMA—the part of the 1996 law that fed marriage as a unn between one man and one woman—to be unnstutnal. Wdsor, nservative Jtice Anthony Kennedy sid wh Jtic Ruth Bar Gsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan favor of same-sex marriage rights, ultimately makg gay marriage legal across the natn June this time, was still outlawed only 13 stat, and more than 20 other untri had already legalized gay marriage, startg wh the Netherlands December 2000.

TEXAS JUDGE WHO DON’T WANT TO PERFORM GAY MARRIAGE CEREMONI HOP WEB SIGNER’S SUPREME COURT SE HELPS HER FIGHT

Across the U.S., a fierce bate is takg place between those who hope all gays and lbians will soon have the right to marry and those who believe that same-sex marriage is helpg to unrme heterosexual marriage. Read about the history and current stat of the same-sex marriage bate. * when gay marriage started *

Scholars and the general public beme creasgly terted the issue durg the late 20th century, a perd when attus toward homosexualy and laws regulatg homosexual behavur were liberalized, particularly wtern Europe and the Uned issue of same-sex marriage equently sparked emotnal and polil clash between supporters and opponents. Cultur that openly accepted homosexualy, of which there were many, generally had nonmaral tegori of partnership through which such bonds uld be exprsed and socially regulated. Relig and secular expectatns of marriage and sexualy Over time the historil and tradnal cultur origally rerd by the lik of Bachofen and Man slowly succumbed to the homogenizatn imposed by lonialism.

In other s, the cultural homogeney supported by the domant relign did not rult the applitn of doctre to the civic realm but may nohels have fostered a smoother seri of discsns among the cizenry: Belgium and Spa had legalized same-sex marriage, for stance, spe official opposn om their predomant relig stutn, the Roman Catholic Church. Most of the world religns have at some pots their histori opposed same-sex marriage for one or more of the followg stated reasons: homosexual acts vlate natural law or dive tentns and are therefore immoral; passag sacred texts nmn homosexual acts; and relig tradn regniz only the marriage of one man and one woman as valid.

TEXAS JUDGE WHO DON'T WANT TO PERFORM GAY MARRIAGE CEREMONI HOP WEB SIGNER'S SUPREME COURT SE HELPS HER FIGHT

McLennan County Jtice of the Peace Dianne Hensley filed a lawsu after a state agency warned her about refg to marry gay upl. She hop a recent U.S. Supreme Court se about relig eedom helps her e. * when gay marriage started *

A group of mps led by Ben Bradshaw, a gay Anglin, is lookg at ways to amend the legislatn to allow willg prits and parish to take part, which they argue uld also help boost dwdlg numbers the aisl. "Basilly, what says is, bee somethg like creatg a webse would be eedom of exprsn or speech, this would also — let's flip on s head — would protect a gay web signer om havg to create a bigoted, anti-LGBTQ webse. "You don't know somebody's gay unls you ask them, so if the web signer says, 'Um, we're booked up, ' they don't have to al wh that other stuff this woman ma this about.

Californians will vote on a proposal to amend the state Constutn on the 2024 ballot to reaffirm gay marriage rights — a ut move that amid natnal anxiety after recent lgs by the nservative-leang U. Although there is no current threat to the legaly of gay marriage, and Print Bin signed a bill safeguardg last year, the Democratic-domant state Legislature is seekg to remove language om California’s Constutn that still f marriage as between a man and outdated state fn has been emed unenforceable and unnstutnal thanks to feral law, but LGBTQ advocy groups are askg voters to repeal and amend the California Constutn to stead explicly state that marriage is “a fundamental right. The term gay is equently ed as a synonym for homosexual; female homosexualy is often referred to as different tim and different cultur, homosexual behavur has been varly approved of, tolerated, punished, and banned.

Homosexualy was not unmon ancient Greece and Rome, and the relatnships between adult and adolcent mal particular have bee a chief foc of Wtern classicists recent years.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* WHEN GAY MARRIAGE STARTED

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alt="" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span><div class="ContentHearByleContent-dpPmNn DRFq"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl ContentHearByl-cZqgyJ bqbBYQ"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ivtvgj byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL eErqIx byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/isaac-choter">Isaac Choter</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2021-06-10T16:17:30-04:00" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearPublishDate-eIBicG iUEiRd kYZrFA kEBrdf">June 10, 2021</time></div></div></div></div><div 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rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></div></div></span><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn ContentHearLeadAssetCaptn-hPWmSN kuCzGS"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">Julie and Hillary Goodridge, the first same-sex uple the Uned Stat to enjoy a state-sanctned marriage, 2004, talk to reporters after their ceremony.</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Photograph by Elise Amendola / AP / Shutterstock</span></div></div></figure><div data-ttid="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor" class="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor-jYVcDc djtEof"></div></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div class="ActnBarWrapperContent-lasBkU cAHp"><div class="ActnBarWrapperComponent-cjwxLS bEeSLb"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kNjTbQ 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class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">In his new book, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">The Engagement: Ameri’s Quarter-Century Stggle Over Same-Sex Marriage</a>,” the journalist Sasha Issenberg chronicl one of our untry’s most recent civil-rights battl, tracg the evolutn of the e om 1990, when started to bee a polil movement, to s ratifitn by the Supreme Court, 2015. Issenberg’s subjects are the activists, policians, and judicial figur who, tentnally or not, found themselv at s foreont. That gay marriage would bee legal after only a twenty-five-year fight, Issenberg wr, “was beyond the wilst hop of gay-rights activists jt years before.” The book attempts to expla why this mpaign succeed so quickly and how relig nservativ advertently furthered a e they passnately opposed.</p><p class="paywall">I recently spoke by phone wh Issenberg, who has prevly wrten about the science behd polil mpaigns and electns. Durg our nversatn, which has been eded for length and clary, we discsed what ma the stggle for gay marriage distct om other civil-rights movements, how Tmp’s electn shifted the foc of social nservatism away om sexual polics, and what this fight n tell about future civil-rights battl.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>How is the stggle for gay marriage Ameri different om other stggl for civil rights Amerin history?</strong></p><p class="paywall">I thk the obv thgs that we want to pare to are the movements for racial equaly and for women’s rights. And one sential element is that, unlike race and genr, people generally have the abily to ntrol the circumstanc unr which they acknowledge and disclose the fact that they are gay or lbian. And so the procs of g out, which is the unrlyg social enge of a lot of the opn change that leads to polil and legal victori, is somethg that’s available to members of the gay and lbian muny that is not available to Ain-Amerins or to women, their .</p><p class="paywall">And I still n’t ci whether this is a profound observatn or a banal one, but most gay people are born to straight people—which means that they are, one prum, evenly distributed across the populatn, which is to say that they’re not geographilly ncentrated, that the likelihood of anybody the untry g to know somebody as a neighbor or a fay member or a classmate who’s gay or lbian is probably more or ls equally distributed. And we’ve seen across gay-rights issu, not jt marriage, that the bt predictor of liberal attus has always been how somebody answers the qutn “Do you have a iend, fay member, or -worker who’s gay or lbian?”</p><p class="paywall"><strong>What do your first observatn—that people n choose when they e out—mean practice?</strong></p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">That people get some gree of cultural or social acceptance, then feel fortable g out, and then the people around them regnize that they know somebody who’s gay or lbian. I thk ’s ls likely that you’re, like, “Oh, voilà, my neighbor’s Black.” Or, “I jt learned that my kid’s schoolteacher’s a woman. Now I’m gog to revis how I thk about issu that perta to them.” One of the thgs that make very easy for people to grow more liberal on the marriage qutn—as basilly forty per cent of the Amerin populatn has, over a generatn—is that don’t ask the majory to give up much to the mory, which has been a central source of polil ictn around a lot of other civil-rights or social-jtice movements.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>You cid to ver both activists and big polil actors like the Supreme Court. Was there a reason you felt you had to do the si stggle and the outsi stggle?</strong></p><p class="paywall">Yeah. I mean, I thk that this is someplace where wrg about marriage is different than wrg about the entirety of the gay-rights movement. There was a much longer perd of the broar qut for equal rights for gays and lbians, when activists were operatg whout much acknowledgment om, reactn om, and teractn wh the polil class or stutns. And so I thk when people have wrten histori of gay activism the neteen-fifti or sixti or seventi, there are far fewer policians or judg there. The story I tell starts 1990. And at that pot there was hardly anybody who was an activist for same-sex-marriage rights. No signifint gay-rights group the untry had endorsed marriage as an objective. And end up the hands of the Hawaii Supreme Court. And, by 1996, this was ont of Congrs and the Print. Marriage was an issue that ma the jump. Activists did not spend s toilg obscury at the periphery of our polics tryg to get people to pay attentn to this. It land the laps of powerful people pretty quickly after emerged as a kd of viable policy objective.</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall"><strong>The way we normally tell stori about civil rights this untry is that there’s a ph for civil rights, and then there’s a reactnary backlash to that—which has effects of s own. But one of the tertg thgs about your book, I thought, was that a way you’re sayg that the backlash to gay marriage helped the gay-marriage e, or phed along. And the normal story we tell is reversed some way.</strong></p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">Yeah. So, this big victory at the Hawaii Supreme Court leads to the Defense of Marriage Act, which is clearly a form of backlash agast this signifint, but lol, victory Hawaii. Then all of a sudn Congrs and the Print are preëmptively fg marriage for one of the first tim feral law. And we see a slight h to the pollg support for gay marriage. Somethg siar happens 2003 after the Massachetts Supreme Court l favor of marriage: public opn dips aga, and you get an active ph for a feral marriage amendment eventually supported by the Bh Whe Hoe, and a blossomg of the state-level nstutnal bans. And I thk you n look at what happened California 2008, where the California Supreme Court orrs that same-sex upl have the right to marry and, wh six months, Proposn 8 has passed at the ballot box, takg away that right.</p><p class="paywall">So there were exampl of backlash all over this story, but, over the longer arc of this, the backlash end up provg unterproductive. So, the mid-neteen-neti, anti-gay activists on the maland who rpond to this urt cisn Hawaii end up unifyg a gay-rights movement that had been unvted marriage as a e and actured iologilly over as a strategic proposn—over the tra-offs, terms of cremental gas that would have to be put asi the qut for marriage rights. And, all of a sudn, some gay-rights activists who had been prcipled opponents of seekg marriage ci that, bee their opponents want to ny them that right, they feel basilly obliged to fight for .</p><p class="paywall"><strong>It’s not a bad argument, right? It’s, like, people want to take somethg away om you, you should damn well want to fight for </strong>.</p><p class="paywall">Yeah. It’s also the nature of aln polics. And gays and lbians and bisexuals and transgenr people were a aln, and their opponents cid that what was wh that aln had been a niche issue but was now gog to be the primary area which they were gog to fight. They basilly end up advertently bag the whole aln to fendg somethg they hadn’t wanted to fend. Then the level at which this nflict uld be rolved changed.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="4a0dn"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="4l8ltn"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">And that’s bee marriage had been, wh very few exceptns Amerin history—like when Congrs banned polygamy, or when the Supreme Court overturned state laws banng terracial marriage—somethg that had been left to the stat. And there’s a unterfactual where, if nservativ had not natnalized this issue, would have played out very slowly, state by state. This go om beg a qutn that uld have played out fifty state judiciari and state legislatur, and stead be somethg that ne Jtic n le on. And tak a while to see , but that ends up beg a huge strategic miscue by same-sex-marriage opponents that mak really easy for same-sex-marriage supporters to w natnally.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-2 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall"><strong>The marriage movement advanced a fairly nservative objective—and did so the midst of the <em class="small">AIDS</em> crisis. I know that the ia spl more radil activists, such as Larry Kramer, whom you scribe as an early supporter of marriage equaly. How did divis the gay-rights movement manift themselv the marriage fight?</strong></p><p class="paywall">There were fely cleavag wh the movement over marriage. To the extent that people were batg same-sex marriage the neteen-eighti, was a circle of gay and lbian lawyers and legal theorists. The folks dog what we would ll L.G.B.T. fay law then were at the time overwhelmgly lbian lawyers reprentg lbian clients, who were ually women who had had children a heterosexual marriage, e out of the closet, left their hbands, and had to go to urt to fight for their own blogil children. And some of those lawyers had gone to llege and law school and been shaped by send-wave femism, and they saw marriage as an stutn that was tablished to subjugate women. And so there was this crique of marriage as an sentially patriarchal, heteronormative stutn.</p><p class="paywall">The objective for many of the fay-law typ was a legal regime that valued what they lled multiple fai—which was to say, a legal regime which the law treated equally a broad spectm of faial arrangements, so not jt pairgs of any genr batn but sgle parents and unmarried people habatg, and munal livg, and they saw the goal of gay and lbian fai as openg up the range of relatnships the ernment regnized.</p><p class="paywall">And there was also a related but separate ph, which grew out of the liberatnist impuls of gay polics the neteen-seventi—which argued that gays and lbians had adopted their own sexual valu and mor, and would be fundamentally regrsive to make a polil goal seekg acceptance what they saw as this middle-class, Amerin stutn, and the goal of gays and lbians should be to remake relatnships their own image, and not mand acceptance or assiatn.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>How central was the <em class="small">AIDS</em> movement to the cleavag</strong>?</p><p class="paywall">It magnified the extent to which gays and lbians were themselv a polil aln. <em class="small">AIDS</em> was overwhelmgly a problem for men the neteen-eighti more than women. Gay men were stantly forced to al wh all of the ath issu that had not really been prent—and certaly not part of the gay polil agenda. “Can I vis my partner the hospal?” “What happens to my property when I die?” That was not somethg lbians were facg the same way. But a lot of lbians were focsed on the life qutns. A lot of them had had children heterosexual marriag, and had to fight to adopt their own children, and saw that the urts held their sexualy agast them. And so, as the neteen-eighti end, they had divergent sets of material ncerns volvg the law.</p><p class="paywall">There is an important se that go to the New York Court of Appeals lled Braschi, where two men were livg a rent-stabilized apartment: one of them di, almost certaly of <em class="small">AIDS</em>, and the landlord tri to evict the survivg partner, and they challenge unr New York’s stabilizatn statute, and the urt l that two men who live together qualify as close fay members. That was a ncern that was clearly motivated by <em class="small">AIDS</em> that would not have been a legal e years earlier.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>I thk, generally, when people thk of the stggle for gay marriage, they often thk about the relative speed wh which was acplished pared wh other stggl Amerin history. Do you thk that n be replited other movements?</strong></p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-3 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">I thk there are certaly some stctural, tactil cisns that same-sex-marriage supporters ma that helped lead them to victory. And that, broadly, there are lsons that other mpaigners or social movements n adopt. But the ia that there’s a kd of off-the-shelf manual for twenty-five years of social change. . . .</p><p class="paywall">One important thg is there’s an anizatn lled Freedom to Marry, which was a sgle-issue mpaign anizatn wh one goal: equal marriage rights across fifty stat and the District of Columbia. And, up until this pot, the major players L.G.B.T. polics, the Human Rights Campaign, the Natnal Gay and Lbian Task Force, and a lot of state-level anizatns, have a really broad panoply of issu that they are vted . They reprent a aln that is fairly broad, basilly sexual mori, and have a whole lot of issu that they’re workg on: they’re tryg to stop hate crim, they’re tryg to get regnn for fai, they’re tryg to allow gays and lbians to serve the ary, a whole bunch of thgs. It’s been a recurrg trope among gay-rights activists that the Human Rights Campaign, the most wealthy and proment of the gay-rights groups, is too focsed on the si game, too focsed on wng accs, raisg money. Some activists believe that the gay-rights movement as a whole did not fight strongly enough agast the Defense of Marriage Act or agast the feral marriage amendment bee the Human Rights Campaign wasn’t ready to fight and that this was evince of their acmodatnist sort of approach to polics.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="r5osb"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">It’s clear that the H.R.C. was always actg, I thk, que ratnally, that they had had a broad set of issu that they red about, and they tend to e fluence Washgton stutns to get . And they had to weigh the mers of fightg over marriage wh the mers of tryg to get progrs on other issu. When Freedom to Marry along, they don’t have to make those promis. And so they are able to velop a strategy that’s not based on tra-offs between “If we ph for marriage this state, will step back our efforts to get a nondiscrimatn ordance passed?” And Freedom to Marry said, “We’re gog to put ourselv out of bs after we meet our goal,” which they did after the Supreme Court led 2015. And that is not the way that most tert groups are set up. They’re set up basilly to perpetuate themselv. And that means that they are havg to weigh not jt their policy objectiv, but their donors and their members and their long-term stabily.</p><p class="paywall">And I thk rais a lot of qutns. Where would gun laws be if, stead of havg the broad gun-ntrol anizatns, a group is focsed solely on background checks?</p><p class="paywall"><strong>Probably the same place, but your pot may still be rrect.</strong></p><p class="paywall">Yeah. But I thk that the natural physics of tert-group polics and alns is to make them bigger. And if you really are focsed on one discrete policy objective, the bigns and broadns of those groups n be self-featg.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>Well, this also go to your earlier pot, that the relig right did the e of gay rights a favor by makg more about one specific thg.</strong></p><p class="paywall">Yeah. They helped set up the terms of a bate, and then, later, gay-rights activists wh big donors built an astcture that uld fight the nflict on those terms.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-4 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall"><strong>We were talkg about backlash earlier, and you mentn near the end of the book that a backlash to gay marriage hasn’t really happened the way one often expects. How do you unrstand that?</strong></p><p class="paywall">I thk there are a few elements here. One is that anti-gay activists were not surprised when the Obergefell cisn me down 2015. It looked almost fated, based on the urt’s earlier lg and the way that had handled appeals to circu-urt cisns. So I don’t thk that there was the emotnal letdown on the day of the cisn that would’ve galvanized some opposn. And, bee of that, many of those activists had already begun to move to an area where they still had strength, where the public opn looked a lot more like did around gay marriage twenty years ago—which is trans issu. And so they basilly said, “We have lost the gay-marriage fight, but we have this nearby place where we n manufacture nflict om a posn of strength.” And many of the same stutns that had been fightg over gay marriage all of a sudn jt started fightg over issu related to transgenr people.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>That was gog to be my next qutn—to what gree is a cince that trans issu have bee more proment the past five years?</strong></p><p class="paywall">There was all this pacy that had been built. I mean, part of the story of how we end up fightg about gay marriage the neteen-neti is that the gay-rights movement and the relig right grew up more or ls parallel the late seventi and beme profsnalized and well fund through the eighti. By the neti, the gay-rights movement was a central part of the Democratic-left aln, and the relig right was a central player Republin polics. And they had veloped pacy for nflict. They were basilly on a llisn urse. And the only qutn was: What were they gog to fight over? And this popped up on the radar as the thg that they started to fight over.</p><p class="paywall">I thk what happened twenty years later, around the time of the 2015 Supreme Court lg, was that the alns were bigger and stronger many rpects, more entrenched, and still need somethg to fight over. Relig nservativ had lost their posn of strength for a variety of reasons—opn change, mographic chang. And then they cid that they were gog to go to trans issu stead.</p><p class="paywall">The other part of is the smology of relig nservativ shifted wh the feat over same-sex marriage, where they may have ced the broar culture wars. There’s a reason Jerry Falwell lled his anizatn the Moral Majory. The kd of motivatg nce of relig-nservative activism through the eighti and neti, and much of the two-thoands, was based on the ia that there’s a Juo-Christian majory the untry and the laws of the Uned Stat should reflect s valu. And losg the nflict over gay marriage, I thk, persuad many of those relig nservativ that they were not, fact, the majory—that now you don’t have to watch more than ten mut of Fox News to unrstand that the smology of the current Amerin right is that they are a bieged mory, unr siege by the urts, and amia, and Hollywood. And, once they began to thk of themselv as a bieged mory, they started dog what bieged mori do our nstutnal system, which is to ask the urts for protectn. And that tak the form of the relig-liberty exemptns, which is basilly an acknowledgment of the ncsn of feat the broar stggle.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="9f6ywi"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="bdxdbl"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">The third part of the puzzle is Donald Tmp. In June, 2015, the two thgs happened. June 16th is when Donald Tmp announc his mpaign for Print. On the 26th of June, the Obergefell cisn down. If you had told me advance that a major civil-rights cisn was gog to land that overturned state laws that had been mocratilly enacted by the rints of Alabama the same month that one of the most talented magogu Amerin history was gog to announce his mpaign for Print, I would have assumed that those two thgs would bee terrelated some really dangero, sry ways, and they didn’t.</p><p class="paywall">Donald Tmp had an stct and a tremendo gift for ptg Amerins agast one another, and he cis he’s gog to n for Print and talk about Mexins and Mlims and women and immigrants, but he has no natural bile for gays and lbians. There are a lot of ways which his Admistratn later set back gay rights, but he did not want to talk about those issu. I thk, jt given the way that that primary played out, ndidat like Ted Cz or Rick Santom or Mike Huckabee or Bobby Jdal—who otherwise would have been highly cled to cheerlead a backlash to marriage sce the Obergefell cisn—regnized pretty quickly that that’s not where the news was the summer of 2015.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-5 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall"><strong>You wrote an <a href=">op-ed</a> last weekend the <em>Tim</em> which was headled “Cancel Culture Works: We Wouldn’t Have Marriage Equaly Whout It.” For the book, you went back and looked at the different ways that gay-rights anizatns and gay-rights activists shamed, shunned, and boytted opponents of same-sex marriage. Do you feel that you’re seeg some of the same tactics that are today labelled “ncel culture,” or do you feel like those activists avoid what crics of ncel culture fd so damagg today?</strong></p><p class="paywall">Yeah. Well, I’m glad we’re not gog to have a nversatn about what ncel culture means or don’t, bee I actually don’t really know. I thk that one of the big chang that take place the marriage bate is how the money dynamic shifts the years between 2008, when gay-marriage supporters suffered this massive setback when Proposn 8 passed California, and four years later, 2012, the first time they sweep four ballot measur. One of the big thgs is the extent to which the pro-gay-marriage si of the bate opened up a major fancial advantage over opponents. You had a clter of exceedgly wealthy gay donors, mostly gay whe men who had ma their money through tech or hered , who the two-thoands had bee uniquely terted marriage among all the issu on the agenda. By 2012, Mike Bloomberg was givg major ntributns. Jeff Bezos was givg major ntributns. You had a whole lot of Wall Street donors, cludg Republins, who were givg generoly as well.</p><p class="paywall">The other thg that’s happeng is big donors basilly abandon the other si of the fight: by 2012, ’s clear that the folks nng the effort to ban same-sex marriage are jt havg trouble gog to their normal donors, cludg archdc. There’s somethg about beg associated wh this issue that people don’t want to al wh, terms of media scty and acceptance among their peers the bs world. I thk so often this ncel-culture nversatn is played out over the propriety of , or the place of the tactics a liberal mocracy, and here’s this really important recent se study that shows actually works. Srg away proposns’ fancial backers through shame is somethg that n have a dramatic effect on the trajectory of a particular polil bate, and the Inter has ma much easier for dividuals to lnch and anize the typ of attacks.</p><le-embed name="" attrs="[object Object]" childTyp="" ntentType="llout:"><hr class="paywall"/><h2 class="paywall">More New Yorker Conversatns</h2><ul class="paywall"><li><a href=">Pam Grier</a> on the needs of Hollywood, and her own.</li><li><a href=">Alexey Navalny</a> has the proof of his poisong.</li><li><a href=">Chance the Rapper</a> is still figurg thgs out.</li><li>How <a href=">Ben Stiller</a> will remember his father.</li><li><a href=">Esther Perel</a> says that love is not a permanent state of enthiasm.</li><li><a href=">Ad-Rock</a> jt wants to be iends.</li><li><a href=">Fran Lebowz</a> is never leavg New York.</li><li>Sign up for our <a href=">newsletter</a> and never miss another New Yorker Interview.</li></ul></le-embed></div></div></div><div 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class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/isaac-choter">Isaac Choter</a> is a staff wrer at The New Yorker, where he is the prcipal ntributor to Q. & A., a seri of terviews wh public figur polics, media, books, bs, technology, and more.</div><div class="ContributorBFooter-brqDlv ezUmSv"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="TagCloudWrapper" class="TagCloudWrapper-gGgndx ctyZyK ContentFooterTagCloud-krQmRG ZLGh"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudSectnHear-cOforY iUEiRd bPyAoD kQQRmu">More:</span><a href="/tag/civil-rights" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ 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summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="How Oh Voters Defeated an Effort to Thwart Abortn Rights" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Daily Comment</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">How Oh Voters Defeated an Effort to Thwart Abortn Rights</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="How Oh Voters Defeated an Effort to Thwart Abortn Rights" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Opponents of the measure palized on fears of a Republin power grab.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" 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data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Voice-Overs om “Sex and the Space Statn”" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Shouts & Murmurs</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Voice-Overs om “Sex and the Space Statn”</div></a><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Teddy Wayne</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Challeng of Tmp’s Third, Momento Indictment" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Comment</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Challeng of Tmp’s Third, Momento Indictment</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Challeng of Tmp’s Third, Momento Indictment" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">No se our system of jtice uld more directly and fundamentally addrs the stak of Amerin mocracy and the le of law.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Jeannie S Gersen</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Death of a Ukraian Wrer" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Daily Comment</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Death of a Ukraian Wrer</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Death of a Ukraian Wrer" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA 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