Psychologil aggrsn lbian, gay, and bisexual dividuals' timate relatnships: A review of prevalence, rrelat, and measurement issu - ScienceDirect

Contents:

• PSYCHOLOGIL AGGRSN LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL DIVIDUALS' TIMATE RELATNSHIPS: A REVIEW OF PREVALENCE, RRELAT, AND MEASUREMENT ISSU
• TWO BURGLARS SODOMIZED FOR FIVE DAYS STRAIGHT AFTER BREAKG INTO THE HOE OF NOTOR GAY RAPIST
• SUBS LOOKG FOR DOMS (GAY MEN ONLY)
• WHO ARE GAYS - 10 MYTHS ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY
• RELATNAL AGGRSN AND VICTIMIZATN GAY MALE RELATNSHIPS: THE ROLE OF TERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA

PSYCHOLOGIL AGGRSN LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL DIVIDUALS' TIMATE RELATNSHIPS: A REVIEW OF PREVALENCE, RRELAT, AND MEASUREMENT ISSU

Implitns for unrstandg heterosexual men's anger, and aggrsn, toward gay men were discsed.

Keywords: Anger, Male Homosexualy, Homosexualy (Attus Toward), Vlence, Elogil ValidyAntigay vlence remas a signifint public health ncern spe creased attentn given to this subject the public doma. While discrimatn and aggrsn agast sexual mori remas monplace (NCAVP, 2005, 2006), victims of antigay asslts are ls likely to report the crim to law enforcement pared to victims of other bias-motivated attacks (Dunbar, 2006; Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 1999; NCAVP, 2003). Th, rearch that vtigat termants of antigay vlence uld promote public health by rmg terventn programs aimed at rcg the typ of hate Role of Anger Antigay VlenceIn an extensive review of the antigay aggrsn lerature, Parrott (2008) highlighted the utily of anizg risk factors for antigay aggrsn wh the parsimon theoretil amework of the General Aggrsn Mol (Anrson & Bhman, 2002).

TWO BURGLARS SODOMIZED FOR FIVE DAYS STRAIGHT AFTER BREAKG INTO THE HOE OF NOTOR GAY RAPIST

This theoretil amework effectively aniz the vtigatn of risk factors for antigay aggrsn. More importantly, intifi a number of variabl a “cha of events” that are likely to prece an act of antigay aggrsn.

Theori of antigay aggrsn have advanced several potential lks prisg this cha of events. 19), has been associated wh the perpetratn of antigay aggrsn (Frankl, 2000). Theorists ntend that sexual prejudice most likely facilat antigay aggrsn men who are exposed to timate or sexual teractns between two men (Gentry, 1987; Herek, 1988; Ke, 1984; Ke & Whley, 1996).

This supposn is nsistent wh the view that sexual prejudice and antigay aggrsn functn to enforce genr and societal norms (Frankl, 2004; Harry, 1990; Herek, 2000a; Kimmel, 1997).

SUBS LOOKG FOR DOMS (GAY MEN ONLY)

Ined, rearchers have long poted out that the male genr role is fed by ntrasts and that the ntrasts are mataed through the segregatn and persecutn of women and gay men as the non-mascule “other” (Frankl, 1998, 2000, 2004; Kimmel, 1997, 2000; Kimmel & Mahler, 2003). Heterosexual men may be motivated to enforce this ntrast for a number of reasons, cludg tradnal beliefs about marriage and fay (Hegarty, Pratto, & Lemix, 2004), beliefs that gay men are rriers of HIV (Pryor, Reer, Yeadon, & Hson-McInnis, 2004), to avoid unwanted sexual advanc (Herek, 2000a), and to ga stat and avoid emasculatn at the hands of their peers (Frankl, 2000; Harry, 1990; Kimmel, 1997). G., kissg, holdg hands, fondlg, terurse) as dividual and suatnal risk factors for antigay aggrsn, rpectively, wh the amework of the GAM.

E., creased negative affect) rponse to pictur of nu men and male-male upl (Mahaffey, Bryan, & Hutchson, 2005a, 2005b) prejudice and exposure to male-male timate behavr have also been shown to facilate antigay aggrsn. For example, numero survey-based vtigatns have shown that sexual prejudice is associated wh self-reported past aggrsive behavr toward gay men (Frankl, 2000; Patel, Long, McCammon, & Wuensch, 1995; Rorick, McCammon, Long, & Allred, 1998). In two laboratory-based studi (Bernat et al., 2001; Parrott & Zeichner, 2005), sexually prejudiced men who viewed male-male eroti displayed higher levels of aggrsn toward a gay, relative to a heterosexual, man.

However, among men who viewed male-female eroti, no differenc aggrsn toward gay or heterosexual men were observed (Parrott & Zeichner, 2005) fdgs clearly monstrate an teractive effect of sexual prejudice and exposure to male-male timate behavr (i. G., sexual prejudice, exposure to male-male timate behavr) uld lead to creased levels of antigay aggrsn.

WHO ARE GAYS - 10 MYTHS ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY

Parrott and Zeichner (2005) showed that, among heterosexual men who were exposed to male-male eroti, the experience of anger was posively rrelated wh aggrsn agast a gay, relative to a heterosexual, male opponent. In a direct tt of this hypothis, Parrott and Peterson (2008) asssed sexual prejudice, anger rponse to a vigte pictg male-male timate relatnship behavr, and self-reported past aggrsive behavr toward gay men. Rults dited anger rponse to gay men fully mediated the relatn between sexual prejudice and the perpetratn of antigay is likely that multiple factors fluence an dividual's cisn to act aggrsively towards a gay man (Frankl, 1998; Parrott & Peterson, 2008).

RELATNAL AGGRSN AND VICTIMIZATN GAY MALE RELATNSHIPS: THE ROLE OF TERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA

Limatn of Elogil ValidyThe reviewed lerature reprents an important step elucidatg important al pathways that lead to antigay vlence. Therefore, laboratory-based rearch on antigay aggrsn would be more generalizable if improvements uld be ma terms of external and elogil validy. Ined, Whley (2002) asserted that when a natural settg is feasible, the most elogilly valid laboratory settg is one that mimics the natural settg as closely as noted above, pertent theory (Frankl, 1998, 2000, 2004; Kimmel, 1997, 2000; Kimmel & Mahler, 2003) has highlighted the importance of exposure to male-male timate behavr as a risk factor for antigay aggrsn.

As such, the e of sexually explic material reprents a ls than ial tt of the theori, which their nceptualizatn of antigay aggrsn do not rely on sexually explic exampl of male-male timacy.