What Ma Washgton, D.C., the “Gayt and Most Antigay Cy Ameri” | The New Yorker

the hidden history of gay washington

Post-World War II, there was somethg seen as even worse than beg a munist U.S. polics: beg gay. We discs how liv and reers were lost through s of bipartisan homophobia.

Contents:

A HISTORY OF GAY WASHGTON THAT LETS HOMOPHOBIA STEAL THE SPOTLIGHT

* the hidden history of gay washington *

Wh his new book, “Secret Cy: The Hidn History of Gay Washgton, ” Jam Kirchick tri to retrof the trope to a very specific subset of the District’s famoly diverse LGBTQ muny, ultimately verg a bewilrg amount of old ground whout offerg the rear much that n be lled new. Apart om notable appearanc by a handful of otherwise unrexplored gay and lbian polis — scrappy CIA officer Carmel Offie, Office of Strategic Servic trailblazer Cora Du Bois and Kennedy nfidant Lem Billgs, among others — “Secret Cy” largely foc on the pa experienced by, and at the hands of, faiar gay men like FBI Director J.

WASHGTON, D.C.'S HIDN GAY HISTORY IS UNVERED 'SECRET CY'

"Secret Cy," isn’t so much a gay history of D.C. as is a history of Washgton as experienced by s gay power players. * the hidden history of gay washington *

Edgar Hoover (who Kirchick curly avoids intifyg as homosexual), McCarthye and Tmp mentor Roy Cohn, and famo New Right lobbyist Terry Dolan. Most gay voic, however, are drowned out by, even treated as ls credible than, those of homophobic straight people: Gossip lumnists, yellow journalists, embattled prints, nnivg senators, obsequ FBI agents and a rotatg st of ais all are relied upon as primary sourc a history that is not primarily theirs to tell. Kirchick promis to show “the wi-rangg fluence of homosexualy on the natn’s pal, on the people who dwelled wh , and on the weighty matters of state they nducted.

” But “Secret Cy” might more accurately be scribed as a surface-level glimpse at the promence of homophobia the feral ernment and the D. Prs rps, how such homophobia has long manifted as mor and nuendo (pag and pag of which are here reproduced), the fluence of such homophobia on an enormo st of almost exclively Whe gay men, and how more than a few of those men played not-signifint rol the GOP’s long march to the far are not unimportant topics.

REBROADST: IN 'SECRET CY,' THOR JAM KIRCHICK TRAC THE UNKNOWN HISTORY OF GAY WASHGTON

Michael Waters reviews Jam Kirchick’s book “Secret Cy: The Hidn History of Gay Washgton,” which chronicl the panic over queer polil fluence Washgton, D.C., om the Princy of Frankl D. Roosevelt to that of Bill Clton. * the hidden history of gay washington *

Gay history, after all, is olr and bigger than one rt, one prott or one iology, and we should always wele stori that unsettle popular narrativ.

At one pot, for example, Kirchick attribut a “lack of Black participatn” an early gay rights anizatn, at least part, “to the fact that Washgton’s Black rints were mostly lols … and associatg wh a gay anizatn was signifintly harr while livg the cy where one’s fay rid. ” This claim, however, fli the face of even the quickt glance at Black gay life, to say nothg of the many D.

Siarly, while “Secret Cy” has ltle to say about lbians, the thor attempts to expla the silence away wh qutnable, and ultimately unstaable, claratns of how “persecutn generally targeted male homosexuals more severely than female on, a nsequence, part, of patriarchal attus privilegg men over women. ”) There are other mystifyg scriptns, like that of Whaker Chambers, who, Kirchick wr, “was (at least for a time) a homosexual. Equally troublg is the book’s uneven approach to the plited polics of “the closet, ” lurchg whout warng om requise portrayals of survival-by-secrecy to scribg, language both hackneyed and harmful, the ne gay victims of D.

‘THE REAL VILLA IS THE CLOSET’: A NEW HISTORY OF GAY WASHGTON DEALS WH SOCIETY AS IT TLY WAS

But there’s no realy nflatg homophobia wh homosexualy, there’s no joy nfg the difficult wh the tragic, the ignored wh the secret.

'SECRET CY: THE HIDN HISTORY OF GAY WASHGTON'

Riemer is a -thor of “We Are Everywhere: Prott, Power, and Pri the History of Queer Liberatn” and a -creator of the onle rource CyThe Hidn History of Gay WashgtonBy Jam KirchickHenry Holt.

A new book exam the unknown or barely known liv of gay people workg and livg our natn’s pal, a cy known for s mix of power and secrets. “Secret Cy: The Hidn History of Gay Washgton, " by Jam Kirchick, is a 654-page tome that took years of rearch and an exhstive vtigatn to printial archiv, historil terviews and once-classified ernment rerds.

WHAT MA WASHGTON, D.C., THE “GAYT AND MOST ANTIGAY CY AMERI”

“I realized that all the stori I was readg, and the personali and phenomena, whether was McCarthyism or the Reagans, FDR or JFK, that there were the gay stori lurkg the background, ” Kirchick said. Those stori lurked the background out of necsy: The st of g out as gay — or, more likely, beg outed agast one’s will — was enormo profsnally and socially. “It was the specter of homosexualy that provoked the first and only suici by a member of Congrs his Capol Hill office, ed Lyndon Johnson to et that his historil lead would evaporate, and seized the paranoid md of Richard Nixon send only to the plots of his ever-expandg enemi list, ” Kirchick wr.

” Rumors of homosexualy were tastrophic to those who were acced of , but Kirchick also asks the rear to nsir the broar human and societal impact of such wch hunts on gay Amerins workg ernment. “To asss the full sle of the damage that the fear of homosexualy wrought on the Amerin polil landspe, one mt take to acunt not only the reers ed and the liv cut short, but somethg vaster and unquantifiable: the possibili thwarted, ” Kirchick wr. Although openly LGBTQ people have ma their way to the hight ranks of ernment today, was not long ago that spected homosexuals workg for the feral ernment were hunted down, publicly huiated and termated wh the full force of the ernment.

But one man said Waldron had “homosexual tennci” and shared a story about Waldron’s makg a pass at him. ”There was not one person whose power uld not be danger of beg promised if there was even a whisper of possible homosexualy activy.

SECRET CY: THE HIDN HISTORY OF GAY WASHGTON

There were whispers that Reagan was possibly participatg “homosexual nduct, ” and some Republins saw Reagan’s potential nomatn as a “danger to the Republin Party and the untry. Y., a former Buffalo Bills and San Diego Chargers quarterback, to be his vice printial nng mate — another person mored to be gay.

The possibily that Kemp uld jo the ticket was evince that there was a “homosexual rg” around Reagan and that he was “the ventriloquized pawn of shadowy and sister forc, ” Kirchick wr. When a ngrsman later asked Reagan’s munitns ai about the loss of the nomatn for Kemp, he reportedly said, “It was that homosexual thg, ” Kirchick wr.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF GAY WASHINGTON

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d="M120.1,0H8.2c-4.4,0-8,3.6-8,8v112c0,4.4,3.6,8,8,8h60.4V78.2h-16V59.8h16V43.9 c0-14.6,8.9-24.3,26.4-24.3c7.7,0,13.1,0.9,13.1,0.9V37h-12c-5.3,0-8,3-8,8.2v14.5h18.7l-2.7,18.4h-16v49.7h32c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8V8 C128.1,3.6,124.5,0,120.1,0z"></path></svg></a><a href="mailto:?body=Rebroadst: In 'Secret Cy,' thor Jam Kirchick trac the unknown history of gay Rebroadst: In 'Secret Cy,' thor Jam Kirchick trac the unknown history of gay Washgton" class="article-share-lk" tle="Share by email"><svg class="in in-email" viewBox="0 0 128 128" width="20" aria-labelledby="tle"><tle id="tle">Email</tle><path display="le" d="M64.2,86.3l-64-48V104c0,4.4,3.6,8,8,8h112c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8V38.4L64.2,86.3z M64.2,72l64-48 c0-4.4-3.6-8-8-8H8.2c-4.4,0-8,3.6-8,8L64.2,72z"></path></svg></a></div></div></hear><sectn class="article-sectn--lead-image article-sectn--lead-image--standard"><figure class="article-fig" style="aspect-rat:1000 / 666"><picture class="article-fig-ner"><img class="article-image" src=" alt="In 1979, thoands s march down Pennsylvania Avenue to dramatize their plea for equal rights. "/></picture><figptn class="article-fig-ptn">In 1979, thoands s march down Pennsylvania Avenue to dramatize their plea for equal rights. </figptn></figure></sectn><sectn class="article-sectn--ntent hang-punctuatn article-sectn--first article-sectn--centered article-sectns"><p class=""><em>This rebroadst <a href=">origally aired</a> on June 2, 2022.</em></p><p class="">Post-World War II, there was somethg seen as even worse than beg a munist U.S. polics: <a href=">beg gay</a>.</p><p class="nt-medium">"Beg gay was the <a href=">worst possible thg</a> you uld be Amerin polics. It was worse than beg a munist," thor Jam Kirchick says.</p><p class="">As a rult, some high rankg members of ernment were nied natnal secury clearanc.</p><p class="nt-medium">"The belief was that bee this was so terrible ... the homosexual would go to any lengths to keep his secret a secret, and if that meant betrayg his untry ... he would do ," Kirchick says.</p><p class="">But history shows the fears were unfound.</p><p class="nt-medium">"The Defense Department did a study the 1990s where they looked at over 100 s of pnage, of people givg ernment secrets to foreign powers," he adds.</p><p class="nt-medium">"There's not a sgle example of a gay person dog bee they were blackmailed to dog ."</p><p class="">Today, <em>On Pot</em>: How reers and liv were lost through s of bipartisan homophobia.</p><span><h3>Gut</h3></span><p class=""><a href="><strong>Jam Kirchick</strong></a>, thor of <a href=">Secret Cy: The Hidn History of Gay Washgton</a>. He's also a lumnist for Tablet magaze, wrer-at-large for Air Mail, and a nonrint senr fellow at the Atlantic Council. (<a href=">@jkirchick</a>)</p><span><h3>Interview Highlights</h3></span><p class=""><strong>On the unknown history of gay Washgton</strong></p><p class="nt-medium">“The skills or the tras that make you succsful Washgton, thgs like discretn, beg able to keep secrets, beg able to work long hours for a boss. Maybe to pick up that phone ll at 2 a.m. and, you know, sh over to the Capol to attend to whatever he needs. The are the sorts of thgs that durg this era of the '40s to the '90s, I thk that gay people and really gay men particular, bee let's not fet, this was an era when men led Washgton. There were very few women any sort of posns of fluence. The are the sorts of jobs that that gay people, I thk were sort of uniquely able to do, bee when you're livg the closet, you have to be able to master the sorts of tras.</p><p class="nt-medium">"You also don't have a fay to take re of. And so you n vote more time. You n work longer hours. And so particularly wh the New Deal and the rise of the feral burecracy, you had lots of gay people movg to Washgton, particularly om ral areas, tryg to pe perhaps more nservative small town life, and seekg a life the big cy, which really is the story of gay people 20th century Ameri, leavg small towns and g to big ci.</p><p class="nt-medium">"So that's why I would say was often the gayt place Ameri, the gayt cy Ameri. But there's this paradox. It is also the most anti-gay cy Ameri bee the feral ernment don't allow gay people to work the jobs officially. And so you have lots of gay people hidg. They're forced to nstct the closets that they live . And sets a very high amount of tensn for them workg Washgton.”</p><p class=""><strong>On Washgton D.C.’s gay history, om FDR to Bill Clton</strong></p><p class="nt-medium">“Homosexualy has been nmned sort of Wtern civilizatn or Juo-Christian civilizatn and certaly Ameri for hundreds of years. And you n jt go back and read the laws that were imposed by the Amerin loni. And homosexualy was illegal all 50 stat, and was nsired a medil ndn. But I thk what happens around the World War II or around the late FDR perd, is that homosexualy go om beg jt a s or a medil ndn to beg a natnal secury threat. And the reason is bee of secrecy, really, the tle of my book, and that the Uned Stat needs to build a natnal secury burecracy for managg secret rmatn, nfintial rmatn.</p><p class="nt-medium">“And this notn of natnal secury be a primary ncern Washgton. And the fears that gay people or, you know, homosexuals wh the term that was ed at the time are really sexual viants or perverts, that they have the worst possible secret imagable and that they would go to any length to keep . And that therefore, that mak them very sceptible to blackmail. And so 's not until the Roosevelt admistratn that we see a ernment official beg hound out of office, a high rankg one, actually. Sumner Wells, the Unr-Secretary of State. This is the openg chapters of my book.</p><p class="nt-medium">"He's a very talented diplomat, a iend of the Roosevelt fay. But his enemi, his rivals wh the admistratn, obta rmatn that he's gay. And they try to e this and they e succsfully to get him out of ernment. And I don't thk that if this had happened the 1920s or 1930s, I'm not sure that would have risen to the level that did. But wh Ameri enterg the world as a global superpower, they uld e this argument that, well, Wells is a homosexual. He's therefore sceptible to blackmail by foreign powers. So that's why the book begs wh World War II.”</p><p class=""><strong>On unverg Washgton D.C.’s hidn gay history</strong></p><p class="nt-medium">“I'm gay, and I thk as a gay person, we don't have a way of learng our history through, you know, olr relativ or fay. It's not like if you're Ain Amerin and you n learn the history of slavery through your anctors, or if you're Jewish, you learn the history of your people at the Passover Ser table. If you're gay, you don't have that generatnal nnectn to other gay people. You have to disver for yourself. And so that's what really motivated me to pursue this project.”</p><p class=""><strong>On the Reagan admistratn and the AIDS crisis</strong></p><p class="nt-medium">“One of the thgs, or I would say them that I disvered this book, is that there's a real sense of trangement and fear around the Reagan people. Ronald Reagan himself, his wife, Nancy, his top advisers, of beg seen as gay. And then there's the sense that bee he om Hollywood, he's an actor who om an actor's background, that he may himself be perceived as gay. And there's actually a le one of his top ai, Lyn Nofziger's books, his memoir, that they were ncerned when he was nng for ernor 1966. That bee of his Hollywood associatn, he might be perceived as gay.</p><p class="nt-medium">"And Reagan's memoir that he published 1965, before announcg his n for ernor, he's talkg about one of the films that he was makg 1939, Dark Victory wh the actrs Bette Davis. And he's basilly playg her gay bt iend. And of urse, they uldn't be explic about this. Bee you uld not portray homosexualy explicly the movi. There was a , the MPAA agast s portrayals of homosexualy. But the director was givg Reagan stctns. And this is the way that Reagan reunts . He says, he wanted me to play the role as if I was the sort of fellow who uld s the girls drsg room and dish wh the ladi while they were gettg drsed. Which is a very long, sort of phemistic way of scribg a gay man.</p><p class="nt-medium">"And he's very put off by this and offend and upset of havg to play a role this way. And so even beg an actor and even portrayg a gay character on screen mak him unfortable. And then 1967, the first year of his ernorship, he's rocked by a gay sndal. When a newspaper lumnist alleg that there was a rg of gay men workg his gubernatorial office Sacramento, and that they had had an y at a timhare hoe Lake Tahoe.</p><p class="nt-medium">"And this is published newspapers across the untry. And Reagan is fur about this. He's fur that this be public. And then 1980, one of the thgs that I unvered, really one of the big sops the book, is that a group of Republins, actually morate Republins, brg new accatns of gay advisers surroundg Ronald Reagan to the Washgton Post.</p><p class="nt-medium">"They allege that there's a work of right-wg homosexuals basilly ntrollg Ronald Reagan as if he were a manchurian ndidate. This is actually, you know, a memo that one of the ngrsmen wrote. And I found . And they brought to Ben Bradlee, the legendary executive edor of the Washgton Post. And he gets his bt team of reporters to vtigate this. And then, of urse [Ronald and Nancy Reagan] had a lot of gay iends. I mean, Nancy, particular, there's a a page my book. And the serts, the photo serts, over the entire page lled All the First Lady's Men. And 's photos of Nancy wh all her gay urtiers and hairdrsers and fashn signers. So there's this ra of gayns around the Reagans.</p><p class="nt-medium">"I don't know how else to scribe . And I thk that, upled wh the fact that he had this new block of voters who were supportg him, evangelil Christians, they're a new force Amerin polics. They don't emerge until the late 1970s, and they really propel him to office. And I thk there's jt this hancy and this fear of beg seen too close to anythg gay. And so when you play that tape of that prs nference, and you hear the lghter and the sense of distancg and jt, you know, there's no one here this buildg that has this disease. I thk reflects that. I would also pot out, by the way, 's not jt ... the Reagan admistratn that's treatg this disease as sort of a joke.</p><p class="nt-medium">"You n listen to all those reporters lghg about . You know, the entire prs room was lghg, was lghg at this qutn. And fact, the reporter who asked the qutn about AIDS, tells you a lot about the tim. It was a man named Lter Ksolvg who was a kd of crank, right wg nspiracy theorist. And so he was the guy askg about AIDS. No mastream journalist was even botherg to ask about this disease that was killg, you know, disproportnately gay men. That was the state of the nversatn Ameri at that time.”</p><p class=""><strong>On lsons om Washgton D.C.'s hidn gay history</strong></p><p class="nt-medium">“I fely thk that to be a powerful person Washgton this perd, was impossible to be gay or to be openly gay. And so that's certaly te. And therefore, was very rare or almost impossible to see an openly gay official, you know, posively phg for change. But I do thk that you have to look a ltle b lower down the burecratic ladr durg the power stcture. And you have to unrstand that 1975, the Civil Service Commissn lifted s ban on gay people beg able to work the civil service.</p><p class="nt-medium">"And this actually puts Washgton, D.C., far ahead most other stat the untry, which would take many years for the rt of the untry to adopt anti-discrimatn statut. And so this mak Washgton, D.C., mak the feral burecracy actually que advanced on the issue of gay cln. And so the end of my book, I say, you know, there are all the people whose nam we don't know bee they were ngrsnal staffers. They were people who worked at the Department of Labor or, you know, any of the ernment partments, you know, jt kd of regular burecrats.</p><p class="nt-medium">"I mean, that word has a lot of negative nnotatns, but they're jt thoands of gay men and women who got up every day and went to work. And that put Washgton actually far ahead of other stat and ci. And I thk that was actually really, really important. And they might not have been chiefs of staff. They might not have been senators. They might not have been the most important, powerful people Washgton. But you had this openns and this visibily Washgton among regular, normal people that was far ahead of s time.”</p><span><h3>Book Excerpt</h3></span><div id="iame-embed-1" class="article-sectn--embed article-sectn--scribd"><iame class="scribd_iame_embed" src=" data-to-height="te" data-aspect-rat="" scrollg="no" width="100%" height="600" ameBorr="0"></iame></div><p class=""><em>Excerpt om 'Secret Cy: The Hidn History of Gay Washgton' by Jam Kirchick. Reprted wh permissn. All rights rerved.</em></p><span><h3>Related Readg</h3></span><p class=""><strong>New York Magaze</strong>: "<a href=">The Long, Sordid History of the Gay Conspiracy Theory</a>" — "A specter is hntg Ameri — the specter of sexual generacy."</p><p class=""><strong>POLITICO</strong>: "<a href=">The Plot to Out Ronald Reagan</a>" — "A group of Republins tried to stymie what they alleged was a nefar homosexual work wh the mpaign of their own party’s standard-bearer. More than 40 years later, the story n fally be told."</p></sectn><sectn class="article-sectn--story-group article-sectn--centered"><p class=""><em>This program aired on September 23, 2022.</em></p></sectn></article><sectn class="article-sectn--story-group article-sectn--centered"><hear class="zone"><div class="zone-ner"><h2 class="zone-hdr">Related:</h2></div></hear><ul class="article-story-group"><li class="story-group-em"><a data-ec="Article Related Lks" data-el="How Print Bin's Views On LGBTQ Rights Have Evolved Over His Polil Career" data-ea="Click" class="story-group-lk" href=">How Print Bin's Views On LGBTQ Rights Have Evolved Over His Polil Career</a></li><li class="story-group-em"><a data-ec="Article Related Lks" data-el="Host of 'Makg Gay History' reflects on g of age durg the AIDS crisis" data-ea="Click" class="story-group-lk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href=">Host of 'Makg Gay History' reflects on g of age durg the AIDS crisis</a></li></ul></sectn><sectn class="article-sectn--story-group article-sectn--centered"><div class="ntributor has-photo"><div class="ntributor-profile"><figure class="ntributor-profile-em ntributor-photo"><a href="/si/staff/paige-sutherland"><picture><img src=" class="lazy rd-image" alt=""/></picture></a></figure><p class="ntributor-profile-em ntributor-b"><a class="ntributor-name" href="/si/staff/paige-sutherland">Paige Sutherland</a> <span class="ntributor-tle">Producer, On Pot</span><br/>Paige Sutherland is a producer for On Pot.</p><p class="ntributor-more"><a class="ntributor-lk ntributor-b-lk" href="/si/staff/paige-sutherland">More…</a></p></div></div><div class="ntributor has-photo"><div class="ntributor-profile"><figure class="ntributor-profile-em ntributor-photo"><a href="/si/staff/meghna-chakrabarti"><picture><img src=" class="lazy rd-image" alt=""/></picture></a></figure><p class="ntributor-profile-em ntributor-b"><a class="ntributor-name" href="/si/staff/meghna-chakrabarti">Meghna Chakrabarti</a> <span class="ntributor-tle">Host, On Pot</span><br/>Meghna Chakrabarti is the host of On Pot.</p><p class="ntributor-more"><a class="ntributor-lk ntributor-b-lk" href="/si/staff/meghna-chakrabarti">More…</a></p></div></div></sectn><sectn class="sectn--bo sectn--bp"><div class="uw bp--rponsive"><div class="bp-ner"><p class="bp-label">Advertisement</p><div class="bp-ntent bp-ntent--centered"><div></div><div id="adslot-72147"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div></div><div class="global-d-ponents onmand--is-playg"><div class="global-player"><d preload="to"></d><div class="global-player-bar"><div class="global-player-bar-left"><button class="global-player-bar-ntrol"><i class="in-play in-play--global-player-bar in-play--psed"><span class="in-play-shape"><span class="in-label" data-note="for-screen-rears">Rume</span></span></i></button><div class="global-player-label global-player-label--live"><div class="global-player-channel"><span>Listen Live</span></div><div class="global-player-tle"><a class="global-player-label-lk" href="/">Loadg...</a></div></div></div><div class="global-player-bar-right"><div class="global-player-x"><svg class="in in-close" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-labelledby="tle"><tle id="tle">Close .

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