Gay-Straight Allianc, Inclive Policy, and School Climate: LGBTQ Youths’ Experienc of Social Support and Bullyg - PMC

Contents:

• GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC
• GAY-STRAIGHT/GENRS & SEXUALI ALLIANC
• HOW TO START A GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANCE (GSA)
• GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC, INCLIVE POLICY, AND SCHOOL CLIMATE: LGBTQ YOUTHS' EXPERIENC OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BULLYG
• GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC, INCLIVE POLICY, AND SCHOOL CLIMATE: LGBTQ YOUTHS’ EXPERIENC OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BULLYG
• PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI
• NEW ‘GAY WATER’ LOOKS TO AVOID BUD LIGHT DISASTER

GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC

This is the first sign that such tste, admistrators, and school systems are disgenuo about nontg homophobia and discrimatn; they start out discrimatg agast your anizatn by tryg to dictate s name and prevent s name beg ed to most-easily nvey s purpose. Such admistrators and tste abg children this manner are rpt, should not be allowed around stunts and should be removed om their post; they are a source of the very discrimatn gay straight allianc aim to bat. If policians try to stop you, for example, om creatg a gay straight alliance Middle School, then simply add a relig ponent to your club such as the J Gay Straight Alliance or the Children of God Gay Straight Alliance - showg love, passn, acceptance, unrstandg, and equaly to all God's children gay, bi, and straight to stand up agast bullyg and discrimatn.

After all, the re msage of Christiany is not ntrolled by anti-gay groups, and there are plenty of welg relig groups and dividuals the USA who have every right to have clubs reflectg their clive Christiany.

GAY-STRAIGHT/GENRS & SEXUALI ALLIANC

One way stunts n make their school a safer environment for all youth is through a gay-straight alliance, or GSA — a stunt-led club that provis support for lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr stunts and their iends.

HOW TO START A GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANCE (GSA)

GSAs provi a supportive environment for lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) stunts, as well as those who are perceived by others to be LGBT, are qutng their inty, have LGBT iends or fay members, or jt re about LGBT issu. In 2016, we formally changed our name to Genrs & Sexuali Alliance Network (formerly Gay-Straight Alliance Network) after hearg om untls youth lears who unrstand their genrs and sexuali to be uniquely theirs and have moved beyond the labels of gay and straight, and the lims of a bary genr system.

Your rights to ee speech and associatn clu formg a gay-straight alliance at your a feral law lled the Equal Accs Act (EAA), sendary schools that receive feral fundg and allow meetgs of other non-curricular stunt clubs (clubs that don’t directly relate to class at your school) are prohibed om discrimatg agast any stunt group based on s sendary schools are vered by the Equal Accs Act if they allow even one non-curricular club to meet at the school. Gay-Straight Allianc the US are protected by the Feral Equal Accs Act of 1984 which, ironilly, was origally sponsored by nservative legislators for the purpose of protectg Bible Clubs and siar relig anizatns high schools. As of 2007, there were more that 3500 GSAs registered wh the Gay, Lbian, and Straight Edutn Network (GLSEN), a natnal anizatn tablished 1990 by Conrd Amy GSA founr Ken Jenngs to advote for the rights and well-beg of LGBTQ stunts.

12487PMCID: PMC8063225NIHMSID: NIHMS1691425AbstractGay-Straight Allianc (GSA) and school polici foced on support for lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and queer/qutng youth may rce bias-based bullyg and enhance social supports schools. School ntext be even more important when we nsir the health and well-beg of LGBTQ youth, as they are more likely to experience school-based harassment, victimizatn, and bullyg than their cisgenr and heterosexual peers (Day, Perez-Bmer, & Rsell, 2018; Toomey & Rsell, 2016) programs such as Gay-Straight Allianc (GSAs; also known as Genr and Sexualy Allianc) and school polici foced on support for LGBTQ stunts (LGBTQ-foced polici) have also been intified as effective means for improvg school climat, pecially for LGBTQ youth (Chir-Teran & Hugh, 2009; Fetner & Elaos, 2015; Goonow et al., 2006; Heck, Flentje, & Cochran, 2013; Kosciw, Greytak, Giga, Villenas, & Danischewski, 2016; Marx & Kettrey, 2016; McGuire, Anrson, Toomey, & Rsell, 2010).

GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC, INCLIVE POLICY, AND SCHOOL CLIMATE: LGBTQ YOUTHS' EXPERIENC OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BULLYG

Prev studi of sexual and genr mory youth school ntexts have often bed sampl of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr youth; this is also among the first studi on measur of school climate related to social support and bullyg to clu genr inty pennt of sexual inty. Regnizg this, the review below variatns of the acronym LGBTQ (lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and queer/qutng) to accurately scribe the sample characteristics of prr Bullyg SchoolsAll forms of bullyg are ncerng, yet youth who experience bias-based bullyg based on their perceived or actual sexual or genr inty have poorer mental health, greater substance e, and higher tancy pared to youth who experience general forms of bullyg (Birkett, Espelage, & Koenig, 2009; Bontempo & D’Augelli, 2002; Rivers & D’Augelli, 2001; Rsell et al., 2012). In one natnal survey of LGBTQ youth, 67% reported equently hearg homophobic ments at school, 58% felt unsafe bee of their sexual orientatn, and 43% felt unsafe bee of their genr exprsn (Kosciw et al., 2016).

Addnally, only 12% of the youth reported that teachers tervened most or all of the time when they heard homophobic remarks; yet schools wh GSAs, 20% of youth reported teacher terventn rponse to homophobic statements (Kosciw et al., 2016).

The lack of social supports and higher risks of victimizatn of LGBTQ youth schools unrsr the importance of intifyg programs and polici that improve school climate and experienc for LGBTQ and LGBTQ-Foced Polici SchoolsGay-Straight Allianc may serve a particularly valuable support functn wh schools. School personnel schools wh a GSA are more likely to tervene when they hear homophobic remarks than those schools whout GSAs (Kosciw et al., 2016), and LGBTQ youth report greater school nnectedns and lower negative mental health out when attendg schools wh GSAs (Heck et al., 2013).

GAY-STRAIGHT ALLIANC, INCLIVE POLICY, AND SCHOOL CLIMATE: LGBTQ YOUTHS’ EXPERIENC OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BULLYG

The recent change name om the “Gay-Straight Alliance Network” to the more clive “Genrs and Sexuali Alliance” work enurag nsiratn for how the programs may provi differential support for LGB and transgenr youth (GSA Network, 2016) school polici also play a val role strengtheng social supports schools for LGBTQ youth. More than half of the participants dited they received ee or rced lunch (59%), which was ed as a proxy for socenomic 1Frequenci, Means, and Standard Deviatns for Sample Demographics and Oute VariablPercent/Mean (SD)nSexual orientatn1, 061 Gay/Lbian47. Bias-based bullyg was asssed through two ems based on the qutn, “Durg the past 12 months, how many tim on school property were you harassed or bullied for any of the followg reasons”: “Bee you are gay, lbian, or bisexual or someone thought you were” (homophobic bullyg) and “Bee of your sex or genr” (genr-based bullyg) (0 = never; 4 = more than once a day) (r =.

Mols were adjted for: sexual inty (1 = bisexual; 2 = qutng; gay/lbian was the reference tegory); assigned sex at birth (0 = female; 1 = male); genr inty (0 = cisgenr; 1 = transgenr); race (cludg Asian, Pacific Islanr, or Native Amerin; Black or Ain Amerin; multiple rac; and unreported, wh Whe as the reference tegory); ethnicy (0 = non-Hispanic; 1 = Hispanic); age; receipt of ee or rced school lunch (0 = no; 1 = y); fally, we created a dichotomo measure of beg out to school classmat and/or teachers based on youths’ rpons to the qutn, “who knows about your sexual inty/genr inty: classmate(s)? Rults for each oute are reported Tabl 2 and ​ 2Summary of Ordal Logistic Regrsn Analys Predictg Homophobic and Genr-Based Bullyg (n = 1, 061)Homophobic BullygGenr-Based BullygOR95% CIOR95% CIGSA/LGBTQ-foced polici GSA only1.

PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI

Compared to lbian or gay youth, bisexual youth had lower odds of experiencg homophobic bullyg; and pared to cisgenr youth, transgenr youth had two tim greater odds of experiencg homophobic and genr-based bullyg. Neher GSAs nor LGBTQ-foced polici were associated wh homophobic or genr-based bullyg among youth still high youth who had graduated high school, neher GSAs nor LGBTQ-foced polici were associated wh perceptns of classmate or teacher support, though the batn of GSAs and LGBTQ-foced polici was signifint at the trend level for perceived classmate support (b = 0.

Although prev rearch has documented how GSAs (Chir-Teran & Hugh, 2009; Goonow et al., 2006; Heck et al., 2013; Marx & Kettrey, 2016) and LGBTQ-foced polici (O’Shghnsy et al., 2004; Poteat & Rsell, 2013) penntly improve school climat, our fdgs suggt that the batn of LGBTQ-foced programs and polici are pecially effective mechanisms for addrsg bias-based also found that LGBTQ-foced polici may be particularly effective for addrsg homophobic bullyg, and GSAs for genr-based bullyg.

This suggts that, although transgenr youth were more likely to have more negative school experienc, the relatnship between GSAs, LGBTQ-foced polici, and homophobic bullyg and perceptns of social support was no stronger or weaker for transgenr youth pared to cisgenr fdgs also highlight a potentially important rilience factor for Black or Ain Amerin youth, sce they reported notably higher levels of classmate support.

NEW ‘GAY WATER’ LOOKS TO AVOID BUD LIGHT DISASTER

The batn of GSAs and polici were associated wh perceptns of stronger classmate and teacher support for high school stunts, and ls homophobic and genr-based bullyg for those who had graduated high school. Other work shows that the prence of a GSA schools is associated wh fewer reports of homophobic bullyg one year later (Ioverno, Belser, Bac, Grossman, & Rsell, 2016), but we are aware of no other longudal studi that tt the mechanisms. (Nati Harnik / AP)Edor’s Note: This article is part of a seri about the gay-rights movement and the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall groups have always been about a simple, key objective: Stop all the groups are GSAs—Genr-Sexualy Allianc, though they were origally known as Gay-Straight Allianc—and that was their missn when they first rose to promence the late 1980s.

Perhaps, the theory was, jt by existg, the groups uld make gay kids feel ls alone, and that self uld rce suici risk, which was mon among gay teens at the Lipk, a former high-school history teacher, an thor, and a proment LGBTQ-rights advote, was one of the GSA movement’s earlit pneers. ”Before long, siar mp clubs were croppg up— the Boston area and beyond—“simultaneoly” and “spontaneoly, ” says Sharon Tentarelli, who as a high-school junr 1989 found the GSA at the prtig boardg school Phillips Amy A iendship fed through the gay-rights movementGSAs sprang up anilly bee of the prence of lears who felt a need for them, not a natnal learship stcture that swooped and set them up. Though they varied size and strategy om group to group, they tend to share the same basic visn, one articulated by Kev Jenngs, now 56, then a young high-school history teacher at a Boston-area boardg school lled Conrd Amy: Make gay stunts feel ls alone.