Facebook</tle><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M22 12.0611C22 6.50451 17.5229 2 12 2C6.47715 2 2 6.50451 2 12.0611C2 17.0829 5.65686 21.2452 10.4375 22V14.9694H7.89844V12.0611H10.4375V9.84452C10.4375 7.32296 11.9304 5.93012 14.2146 5.93012C15.3087 5.93012 16.4531 6.12663 16.4531 6.12663V8.60261H15.1921C13.9499 8.60261 13.5625 9.37816 13.5625 10.1738V12.0611H16.3359L15.8926 14.9694H13.5625V22C18.3431 21.2452 22 17.0829 22 12.0611Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article on Twter (opens a new wdow)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article on Twter (opens a new wdow)"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns=" role="img" aria-label="Twter"><tle>Twter</tle><path d="M22 5.75994C21.8663 5.96888 21.7242 6.16947 21.5654 6.37005C21.4091 6.56883 21.2417 6.75857 21.0639 6.93838C20.8884 7.11389 20.6962 7.2894 20.5207 7.43984C20.3452 7.59028 20.1446 7.74908 19.9356 7.91623V8.16696C19.9442 8.26428 19.9442 8.36216 19.9356 8.45948C19.9272 9.86509 19.6667 11.2578 19.1667 12.5715C18.6768 13.9535 17.9375 15.234 16.9854 16.3492C15.9538 17.5038 14.7003 18.439 13.2996 19.0988C11.7309 19.8304 10.0156 20.1935 8.285 20.1603C7.72589 20.157 7.16757 20.1179 6.61346 20.0433C6.06192 19.9687 5.51702 19.8514 4.9837 19.6922C4.44731 19.5412 3.92451 19.3455 3.42081 19.1072C2.92938 18.8601 2.45476 18.5809 2 18.2714H2.96949C3.44825 18.2708 3.92617 18.2316 4.39866 18.1544C4.82812 18.0913 5.25066 17.9877 5.66068 17.8452C6.09688 17.7169 6.51737 17.5403 6.91433 17.3187C7.30653 17.0994 7.67607 16.8418 8.01755 16.5497C7.14915 16.5497 6.30645 16.2551 5.62725 15.714C5.28446 15.4765 4.98721 15.1792 4.74969 14.8364C4.49845 14.4784 4.30393 14.0837 4.173 13.6663C4.30262 13.6939 4.4338 13.7134 4.56582 13.7248C4.69663 13.733 4.82782 13.733 4.95863 13.7248C5.13951 13.7368 5.321 13.7368 5.50188 13.7248C5.68528 13.6975 5.86673 13.6584 6.04513 13.6078C5.11309 13.4476 4.27506 12.9436 3.69661 12.1954C3.38066 11.8467 3.1339 11.4411 2.96949 11.0002C2.80046 10.5428 2.71552 10.0587 2.71876 9.57106L3.17008 9.78L3.61304 9.9388L4.09778 10.0224C4.25901 10.0376 4.42131 10.0376 4.58253 10.0224C4.31379 9.83314 4.06461 9.61756 3.8387 9.37883C3.60412 9.13014 3.40703 8.84859 3.25366 8.54306C3.09569 8.24515 2.96962 7.93139 2.87756 7.607C2.80195 7.29527 2.76823 6.97485 2.77727 6.65422C2.7667 6.48444 2.7667 6.31417 2.77727 6.1444C2.80462 5.961 2.8437 5.77954 2.89427 5.60115C2.94442 5.44235 3.01128 5.28355 3.06979 5.1164C3.13396 4.9455 3.21812 4.78278 3.32052 4.63165C3.8146 5.24855 4.37516 5.80912 4.99206 6.30319C5.63366 6.81165 6.32865 7.24882 7.06477 7.607C7.77495 7.99761 8.52987 8.3007 9.313 8.50963C10.1332 8.72561 10.9733 8.85723 11.8203 8.90244C11.7922 8.74483 11.7726 8.58579 11.7618 8.42605V7.94966C11.7583 7.39963 11.8634 6.85431 12.071 6.34498C12.2613 5.8622 12.5454 5.42191 12.9068 5.04954C13.2956 4.68628 13.7418 4.38977 14.2273 4.17198C14.7328 3.94918 15.2796 3.83527 15.832 3.83767C16.1136 3.83817 16.3941 3.87183 16.6678 3.93796C16.9523 4.00034 17.2317 4.08416 17.5036 4.18869C17.7621 4.2943 18.0064 4.43188 18.2307 4.59822C18.4448 4.7609 18.6485 4.93675 18.8408 5.12476C19.0612 5.09688 19.2791 5.05217 19.4927 4.99103C19.7232 4.92955 19.9472 4.84557 20.1613 4.7403C20.3702 4.65672 20.5792 4.57315 20.7881 4.4645L21.415 4.15526C21.3343 4.39055 21.2366 4.6196 21.1224 4.84059C21.0079 5.05789 20.8706 5.26241 20.7129 5.45071C20.5669 5.65022 20.3987 5.83248 20.2115 5.99396C20.0284 6.15427 19.8328 6.29961 19.6264 6.42856C19.8354 6.42856 20.0359 6.37005 20.2365 6.32827C20.4371 6.28648 20.6377 6.24469 20.8466 6.18619C21.0399 6.13416 21.2298 6.06995 21.415 5.99396L22 5.75994Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article on LkedIn (opens a new wdow)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article on LkedIn (opens a new wdow)"><svg width="24" height="24" aria-label="LkedIn" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>LkedIn</tle><path d="M7.13955 5.90917C6.96055 6.0806 6.74824 6.21341 6.51578 6.29937C6.28332 6.38533 6.03568 6.42261 5.78822 6.40888C5.54947 6.42029 5.31096 6.38174 5.08797 6.29569C4.86497 6.20965 4.66239 6.078 4.49319 5.90917C4.33413 5.7507 4.20855 5.56188 4.12392 5.35392C4.03928 5.14595 3.99732 4.9231 4.00052 4.6986C3.99484 4.47377 4.03567 4.25019 4.12045 4.04187C4.20523 3.83356 4.33213 3.64501 4.49319 3.48803C4.66979 3.32232 4.87798 3.1939 5.10532 3.11046C5.33267 3.02702 5.5745 2.99027 5.81637 3.0024C6.05509 2.98987 6.29384 3.02651 6.51782 3.11005C6.74179 3.19359 6.94622 3.32224 7.11843 3.48803C7.43729 3.81162 7.62099 4.24445 7.63222 4.6986C7.63582 4.92316 7.59404 5.14613 7.50939 5.35414C7.42473 5.56216 7.29893 5.75094 7.13955 5.90917V5.90917ZM4.08498 7.76724H7.51961V18.7679H4.08498V7.76724ZM9.52549 9.38602C9.52549 8.8042 9.50437 8.26461 9.46215 7.76724H12.4323L12.5941 9.30157H12.6575C12.9826 8.84796 13.3824 8.45289 13.8399 8.13323C14.4924 7.6923 15.2704 7.47497 16.0569 7.51387C16.5976 7.51311 17.1332 7.61832 17.6335 7.82355C18.1053 8.01653 18.5267 8.31509 18.8652 8.69628C19.2391 9.12775 19.5216 9.63055 19.6957 10.1743C19.9124 10.8566 20.0147 11.5701 19.9983 12.2858V18.782H16.5707V12.6658C16.5974 12.0682 16.4611 11.4747 16.1766 10.9485C16.0381 10.724 15.8392 10.5429 15.6028 10.426C15.3664 10.309 15.1018 10.2608 14.8393 10.2869C14.4213 10.2654 14.0116 10.4095 13.6991 10.6881C13.4306 10.9308 13.2211 11.2317 13.0868 11.5679C13.039 11.6918 13.0105 11.8224 13.0023 11.955V18.7609H9.56068V11.2793C9.56068 10.5896 9.54895 9.95846 9.52549 9.38602V9.38602Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article via email (opens native email client)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article via email (opens native email client)"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-label="Email" role="img" xmlns="><tle>Email</tle><path d="M2 17.2612V6.73878L7.975 12.1755L2 17.2612ZM22 19H2L8.99167 13.0571L12 15.8082L15.0083 13.0571L22 19ZM12 14.0122L2.05833 5H21.9417L12 14.0122ZM22 6.73878V17.2612L16.025 12.1755L22 6.73878Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label=""><svg width="24" height="24" aria-label="Lk" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Lk</tle><path d="M3.78112 12C3.78112 10.5609 4.87554 9.39594 6.22747 9.39594L11.0343 9.39594V7.5L6.22747 7.5C3.88841 7.5 2 9.51015 2 12C2 14.4898 3.88841 16.5 6.22747 16.5L11.0343 16.5V14.6041L6.22747 14.6041C4.87554 14.6041 3.78112 13.4391 3.78112 12ZM17.7725 7.5L12.9657 7.5V9.39594L17.7725 9.39594C19.1245 9.39594 20.2189 10.5609 20.2189 12C20.2189 13.4391 19.1245 14.6041 17.7725 14.6041L12.9657 14.6041V16.5L17.7725 16.5C20.1116 16.5 22 14.4898 22 12C22 9.51015 20.1116 7.5 17.7725 7.5ZM6.91416 12C6.91416 12.5254 7.32189 12.9594 7.81545 12.9594L16.206 12.9594C16.6996 12.9594 17.1073 12.5254 17.1073 12C17.1073 11.4746 16.6996 11.0406 16.206 11.0406L7.81545 11.0406C7.32189 11.0406 6.91416 11.4746 6.91416 12Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div></div><button type="button" class="Button_button-umKM2MR6YAY- Button_small-nw4Q8RSKupo- OutledButton_outledButton-5-j3Ymkvvnw- OutledButton_flt-WRnB2HeLXEE- giftedArticle_giftArticleFullButton-pVBMWnh28- outled-button" data-ponent="outled-button" tle="Gift this article" name="outled-button" aria-label="Gift this article"><span class="Button_wrapper-s5OLyo9q1Qg- button--ner Button_small-nw4Q8RSKupo-"><div class="Button_inWrapper-QaNRWjUfRfw-"><div class="Button_text-N76nbJyFyw0-"><div class="giftedArticle_giftArticleText-BJHQchBJo-U-"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns=" role="img" aria-label="Gift"><tle>Gift</tle><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M10.5179 6.25172C11.1965 6.18625 11.4014 5.95443 11.4449 5.86581C11.4884 5.77719 11.5424 5.48119 11.1513 4.96062C10.7815 4.46843 10.1189 3.94521 9.22856 3.56643C8.33825 3.18765 7.47969 3.06367 6.83808 3.12558C6.15948 3.19105 5.95458 3.42286 5.9111 3.51149C5.86762 3.60011 5.81358 3.8961 6.20467 4.41667C6.57444 4.90886 7.23712 5.43209 8.12743 5.81087C9.01773 6.18965 9.87629 6.31362 10.5179 6.25172ZM12.2108 6.49999C12.2173 6.49181 12.2238 6.48357 12.2301 6.47526C12.2364 6.48357 12.2429 6.49181 12.2494 6.49999H12.2108ZM7.23975 6.49999C5.47818 5.60218 4.48497 4.15127 4.99092 3.12C5.53824 2.00438 7.63269 1.80231 9.66901 2.66865C10.8824 3.18488 11.8013 3.96397 12.2301 4.74539C12.6589 3.96397 13.5778 3.18488 14.7912 2.66865C16.8275 1.80231 18.922 2.00438 19.4693 3.12C19.9752 4.15127 18.982 5.60218 17.2205 6.49999H22V11.5H20V21.5H3.9V11.5H2V6.49999H7.23975ZM13.9423 6.25172C13.2637 6.18625 13.0588 5.95443 13.0153 5.86581C12.9718 5.77719 12.9178 5.48119 13.3089 4.96062C13.6787 4.46843 14.3413 3.94521 15.2316 3.56643C16.122 3.18765 16.9805 3.06367 17.6221 3.12558C18.3007 3.19105 18.5056 3.42286 18.5491 3.51149C18.5926 3.60011 18.6466 3.8961 18.2555 4.41667C17.8858 4.90886 17.2231 5.43209 16.3328 5.81087C15.4425 6.18965 14.5839 6.31362 13.9423 6.25172ZM4.9 20.5V11.5H9.07102V20.5H4.9ZM9.07102 7.49999V10.5H3V7.49999H9.07102ZM10.071 20.5V7.49999H13.929V20.5H10.071ZM14.929 10.5V7.49999H21V10.5H14.929ZM14.929 20.5V11.5H19V20.5H14.929Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Gift this article</div></div></div></span></button></div></div><div class="basicLeftRail_bottom__cp1fe"><a href=" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="TipTout_tipTout-NP387c-VPn4- basicLeftRail_tipTout___vGx9" data-ponent="tip-tout"><div class="TipTout_background-ilqhthmR9OM-">Have a nfintial tip for our reporters?<!-- --> <span class="TipTout_lk-uBZSvGfY87E-">Get Touch</span></div></a><a href=" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="TermalTout_termalTout-jMmQ--E35FQ- basicLeftRail_termalTout__GElOE" data-ponent="termal-tout"><div class="TermalTout_background-ugfAG8JrlcE-"><div class="TermalTout_-7hWexZP6x-U-">Before ’s here, ’s on the<!-- --> <span class="TermalTout_highlight-LKP-y7t--IQ-">Bloomberg Termal</span></div><div class="TermalTout_cta-MhehFIQemMA-"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-label="Bloomberg Termal" xmlns=" class="TermalTout_in-UNnzMeAfRHw-"><tle>Bloomberg Termal</tle><path d="M12.7876 16.67L12.4287 16.6501V17.6072C12.4088 17.6271 12.2891 17.7069 11.99 17.7069C11.6909 17.7069 11.5713 17.6271 11.5513 17.6072V16.6501L11.1924 16.6899C9.43769 16.8495 8.3011 17.5075 8.3011 18.325C8.3011 19.3021 9.85643 20 11.99 20C14.1236 20 15.679 19.3021 15.679 18.325C15.679 17.4875 14.5424 16.8495 12.7876 16.67ZM11.5314 14.2223V7.77767C11.5314 7.33898 11.1725 7 10.7537 7H2.77767C2.33898 7 2 7.33898 2 7.77767V14.2223C2 14.6411 2.33898 15 2.77767 15H10.7537C11.1725 15 11.5314 14.6411 11.5314 14.2223ZM22 7.77767C22 7.35892 21.661 7 21.2223 7H13.2463C12.8275 7 12.4686 7.33898 12.4686 7.77767V14.2223C12.4686 14.6411 12.8076 15 13.2463 15H21.2223C21.6411 15 22 14.661 22 14.2223V7.77767Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> LEARN MORE</div></div></a></div></div><div class="gridLayout_centerContent__1JtQx"><div class="flex"><div class="styl_shareSmallDktop__LJysj"><div class="social-share" data-ponent="social-share"><div class="SocialShare_wrapper-Ity9-LGkxds- SocialShare_vertilAligned-TXjsc0uHI-" data-ponent="social-button-list"><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article on Facebook (opens a new wdow)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article on Facebook (opens a new wdow)"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns=" role="img" aria-label="Facebook"><tle>Facebook</tle><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M22 12.0611C22 6.50451 17.5229 2 12 2C6.47715 2 2 6.50451 2 12.0611C2 17.0829 5.65686 21.2452 10.4375 22V14.9694H7.89844V12.0611H10.4375V9.84452C10.4375 7.32296 11.9304 5.93012 14.2146 5.93012C15.3087 5.93012 16.4531 6.12663 16.4531 6.12663V8.60261H15.1921C13.9499 8.60261 13.5625 9.37816 13.5625 10.1738V12.0611H16.3359L15.8926 14.9694H13.5625V22C18.3431 21.2452 22 17.0829 22 12.0611Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article on Twter (opens a new wdow)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article on Twter (opens a new wdow)"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns=" role="img" aria-label="Twter"><tle>Twter</tle><path d="M22 5.75994C21.8663 5.96888 21.7242 6.16947 21.5654 6.37005C21.4091 6.56883 21.2417 6.75857 21.0639 6.93838C20.8884 7.11389 20.6962 7.2894 20.5207 7.43984C20.3452 7.59028 20.1446 7.74908 19.9356 7.91623V8.16696C19.9442 8.26428 19.9442 8.36216 19.9356 8.45948C19.9272 9.86509 19.6667 11.2578 19.1667 12.5715C18.6768 13.9535 17.9375 15.234 16.9854 16.3492C15.9538 17.5038 14.7003 18.439 13.2996 19.0988C11.7309 19.8304 10.0156 20.1935 8.285 20.1603C7.72589 20.157 7.16757 20.1179 6.61346 20.0433C6.06192 19.9687 5.51702 19.8514 4.9837 19.6922C4.44731 19.5412 3.92451 19.3455 3.42081 19.1072C2.92938 18.8601 2.45476 18.5809 2 18.2714H2.96949C3.44825 18.2708 3.92617 18.2316 4.39866 18.1544C4.82812 18.0913 5.25066 17.9877 5.66068 17.8452C6.09688 17.7169 6.51737 17.5403 6.91433 17.3187C7.30653 17.0994 7.67607 16.8418 8.01755 16.5497C7.14915 16.5497 6.30645 16.2551 5.62725 15.714C5.28446 15.4765 4.98721 15.1792 4.74969 14.8364C4.49845 14.4784 4.30393 14.0837 4.173 13.6663C4.30262 13.6939 4.4338 13.7134 4.56582 13.7248C4.69663 13.733 4.82782 13.733 4.95863 13.7248C5.13951 13.7368 5.321 13.7368 5.50188 13.7248C5.68528 13.6975 5.86673 13.6584 6.04513 13.6078C5.11309 13.4476 4.27506 12.9436 3.69661 12.1954C3.38066 11.8467 3.1339 11.4411 2.96949 11.0002C2.80046 10.5428 2.71552 10.0587 2.71876 9.57106L3.17008 9.78L3.61304 9.9388L4.09778 10.0224C4.25901 10.0376 4.42131 10.0376 4.58253 10.0224C4.31379 9.83314 4.06461 9.61756 3.8387 9.37883C3.60412 9.13014 3.40703 8.84859 3.25366 8.54306C3.09569 8.24515 2.96962 7.93139 2.87756 7.607C2.80195 7.29527 2.76823 6.97485 2.77727 6.65422C2.7667 6.48444 2.7667 6.31417 2.77727 6.1444C2.80462 5.961 2.8437 5.77954 2.89427 5.60115C2.94442 5.44235 3.01128 5.28355 3.06979 5.1164C3.13396 4.9455 3.21812 4.78278 3.32052 4.63165C3.8146 5.24855 4.37516 5.80912 4.99206 6.30319C5.63366 6.81165 6.32865 7.24882 7.06477 7.607C7.77495 7.99761 8.52987 8.3007 9.313 8.50963C10.1332 8.72561 10.9733 8.85723 11.8203 8.90244C11.7922 8.74483 11.7726 8.58579 11.7618 8.42605V7.94966C11.7583 7.39963 11.8634 6.85431 12.071 6.34498C12.2613 5.8622 12.5454 5.42191 12.9068 5.04954C13.2956 4.68628 13.7418 4.38977 14.2273 4.17198C14.7328 3.94918 15.2796 3.83527 15.832 3.83767C16.1136 3.83817 16.3941 3.87183 16.6678 3.93796C16.9523 4.00034 17.2317 4.08416 17.5036 4.18869C17.7621 4.2943 18.0064 4.43188 18.2307 4.59822C18.4448 4.7609 18.6485 4.93675 18.8408 5.12476C19.0612 5.09688 19.2791 5.05217 19.4927 4.99103C19.7232 4.92955 19.9472 4.84557 20.1613 4.7403C20.3702 4.65672 20.5792 4.57315 20.7881 4.4645L21.415 4.15526C21.3343 4.39055 21.2366 4.6196 21.1224 4.84059C21.0079 5.05789 20.8706 5.26241 20.7129 5.45071C20.5669 5.65022 20.3987 5.83248 20.2115 5.99396C20.0284 6.15427 19.8328 6.29961 19.6264 6.42856C19.8354 6.42856 20.0359 6.37005 20.2365 6.32827C20.4371 6.28648 20.6377 6.24469 20.8466 6.18619C21.0399 6.13416 21.2298 6.06995 21.415 5.99396L22 5.75994Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article on LkedIn (opens a new wdow)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article on LkedIn (opens a new wdow)"><svg width="24" height="24" aria-label="LkedIn" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>LkedIn</tle><path d="M7.13955 5.90917C6.96055 6.0806 6.74824 6.21341 6.51578 6.29937C6.28332 6.38533 6.03568 6.42261 5.78822 6.40888C5.54947 6.42029 5.31096 6.38174 5.08797 6.29569C4.86497 6.20965 4.66239 6.078 4.49319 5.90917C4.33413 5.7507 4.20855 5.56188 4.12392 5.35392C4.03928 5.14595 3.99732 4.9231 4.00052 4.6986C3.99484 4.47377 4.03567 4.25019 4.12045 4.04187C4.20523 3.83356 4.33213 3.64501 4.49319 3.48803C4.66979 3.32232 4.87798 3.1939 5.10532 3.11046C5.33267 3.02702 5.5745 2.99027 5.81637 3.0024C6.05509 2.98987 6.29384 3.02651 6.51782 3.11005C6.74179 3.19359 6.94622 3.32224 7.11843 3.48803C7.43729 3.81162 7.62099 4.24445 7.63222 4.6986C7.63582 4.92316 7.59404 5.14613 7.50939 5.35414C7.42473 5.56216 7.29893 5.75094 7.13955 5.90917V5.90917ZM4.08498 7.76724H7.51961V18.7679H4.08498V7.76724ZM9.52549 9.38602C9.52549 8.8042 9.50437 8.26461 9.46215 7.76724H12.4323L12.5941 9.30157H12.6575C12.9826 8.84796 13.3824 8.45289 13.8399 8.13323C14.4924 7.6923 15.2704 7.47497 16.0569 7.51387C16.5976 7.51311 17.1332 7.61832 17.6335 7.82355C18.1053 8.01653 18.5267 8.31509 18.8652 8.69628C19.2391 9.12775 19.5216 9.63055 19.6957 10.1743C19.9124 10.8566 20.0147 11.5701 19.9983 12.2858V18.782H16.5707V12.6658C16.5974 12.0682 16.4611 11.4747 16.1766 10.9485C16.0381 10.724 15.8392 10.5429 15.6028 10.426C15.3664 10.309 15.1018 10.2608 14.8393 10.2869C14.4213 10.2654 14.0116 10.4095 13.6991 10.6881C13.4306 10.9308 13.2211 11.2317 13.0868 11.5679C13.039 11.6918 13.0105 11.8224 13.0023 11.955V18.7609H9.56068V11.2793C9.56068 10.5896 9.54895 9.95846 9.52549 9.38602V9.38602Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="Share this article via email (opens native email client)" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Share this article via email (opens native email client)"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-label="Email" role="img" xmlns="><tle>Email</tle><path d="M2 17.2612V6.73878L7.975 12.1755L2 17.2612ZM22 19H2L8.99167 13.0571L12 15.8082L15.0083 13.0571L22 19ZM12 14.0122L2.05833 5H21.9417L12 14.0122ZM22 6.73878V17.2612L16.025 12.1755L22 6.73878Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button variant="outled" tle="" class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label=""><svg width="24" height="24" aria-label="Lk" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Lk</tle><path d="M3.78112 12C3.78112 10.5609 4.87554 9.39594 6.22747 9.39594L11.0343 9.39594V7.5L6.22747 7.5C3.88841 7.5 2 9.51015 2 12C2 14.4898 3.88841 16.5 6.22747 16.5L11.0343 16.5V14.6041L6.22747 14.6041C4.87554 14.6041 3.78112 13.4391 3.78112 12ZM17.7725 7.5L12.9657 7.5V9.39594L17.7725 9.39594C19.1245 9.39594 20.2189 10.5609 20.2189 12C20.2189 13.4391 19.1245 14.6041 17.7725 14.6041L12.9657 14.6041V16.5L17.7725 16.5C20.1116 16.5 22 14.4898 22 12C22 9.51015 20.1116 7.5 17.7725 7.5ZM6.91416 12C6.91416 12.5254 7.32189 12.9594 7.81545 12.9594L16.206 12.9594C16.6996 12.9594 17.1073 12.5254 17.1073 12C17.1073 11.4746 16.6996 11.0406 16.206 11.0406L7.81545 11.0406C7.32189 11.0406 6.91416 11.4746 6.91416 12Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div></div><button class="InButton_wrapper-PBF2kzmcg- InButton_outled-Oh-MpS0sdbc- InButton_flt-Xscx5rAv9h8- in-button" tle="Gift this article" variant="outled" aria-expand="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-ponent="in-button" type="button" aria-label="Gift this article"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns=" role="img" aria-label="Gift"><tle>Gift</tle><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M10.5179 6.25172C11.1965 6.18625 11.4014 5.95443 11.4449 5.86581C11.4884 5.77719 11.5424 5.48119 11.1513 4.96062C10.7815 4.46843 10.1189 3.94521 9.22856 3.56643C8.33825 3.18765 7.47969 3.06367 6.83808 3.12558C6.15948 3.19105 5.95458 3.42286 5.9111 3.51149C5.86762 3.60011 5.81358 3.8961 6.20467 4.41667C6.57444 4.90886 7.23712 5.43209 8.12743 5.81087C9.01773 6.18965 9.87629 6.31362 10.5179 6.25172ZM12.2108 6.49999C12.2173 6.49181 12.2238 6.48357 12.2301 6.47526C12.2364 6.48357 12.2429 6.49181 12.2494 6.49999H12.2108ZM7.23975 6.49999C5.47818 5.60218 4.48497 4.15127 4.99092 3.12C5.53824 2.00438 7.63269 1.80231 9.66901 2.66865C10.8824 3.18488 11.8013 3.96397 12.2301 4.74539C12.6589 3.96397 13.5778 3.18488 14.7912 2.66865C16.8275 1.80231 18.922 2.00438 19.4693 3.12C19.9752 4.15127 18.982 5.60218 17.2205 6.49999H22V11.5H20V21.5H3.9V11.5H2V6.49999H7.23975ZM13.9423 6.25172C13.2637 6.18625 13.0588 5.95443 13.0153 5.86581C12.9718 5.77719 12.9178 5.48119 13.3089 4.96062C13.6787 4.46843 14.3413 3.94521 15.2316 3.56643C16.122 3.18765 16.9805 3.06367 17.6221 3.12558C18.3007 3.19105 18.5056 3.42286 18.5491 3.51149C18.5926 3.60011 18.6466 3.8961 18.2555 4.41667C17.8858 4.90886 17.2231 5.43209 16.3328 5.81087C15.4425 6.18965 14.5839 6.31362 13.9423 6.25172ZM4.9 20.5V11.5H9.07102V20.5H4.9ZM9.07102 7.49999V10.5H3V7.49999H9.07102ZM10.071 20.5V7.49999H13.929V20.5H10.071ZM14.929 10.5V7.49999H21V10.5H14.929ZM14.929 20.5V11.5H19V20.5H14.929Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div><div class="styl_ntent__sZ2qm"><div class="styl_byleSpeech__xWY9t"><div class="ByleTimtamp_byleTimtampWrapper-x087IIW8Q-" data-ponent="byle-timtamp"><div class="Byle_byleWrapper-qrnpdFed-cA-" data-ponent="byle"><div class="Byle_byleInfo-N8AxuBO21lE-"><div class="Byle_byleAuthors-Ts-ifi4q-HY-">By<!-- --> <a href=" rel="thor" class="Byle_thor-YGQMoXqnRHQ- Byle_hasProfile-IuU8MCrRlFs-">Shti Mahajan</a></div><div class="ByleTimtamp_timtamp-K98S5oYW23w-"><div class="Timtamp_timtampWrapper-w-YevWapP-k- ByleTimtamp_timtamp-K98S5oYW23w-" data-ponent="timtamp"><time dateTime="2022-11-25T10:53:26.198Z" data-lole="en-US">November 25, 2022 at 5:53 AM EST</time></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><p class="Paragraph_text-SqIsdNjh0t0-" data-ponent="paragraph">India’s Supreme Court has agreed to exame a petn that seeks legal regnn of same-sex marriage, a velopment that uld build on a strg of lgs expandg protectn for the LGBTQ muny.</p><p class="Paragraph_text-SqIsdNjh0t0-" data-ponent="paragraph">The petn, which was filed this month by a uple, evoked India’s Special Marriage Act, a law that origally legalized terfah unns. The uple drew on earlier landmark lgs India, cludg one clarg privacy a fundamental right and another that crimalized gay sex 2018. </p><div class="Placeholr_placeholrParagraphWrapper-yqk1PvmrNoc-"><div class="Placeholr_shimmergParagraph-CAmHW46Yvo4-" data-ponent="placeholr-paragraph"><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergParagraph-CAmHW46Yvo4-" data-ponent="placeholr-paragraph"><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div><div class="Placeholr_shimmergLe-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-ponent="placeholr-le"></div></div></div></div><div class="styl_toutWrapper__wEmA8"><a href=" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="TipTout_tipTout-NP387c-VPn4- TipTout_centerAligned-1R3aE3UWtZI-" data-ponent="tip-tout"><div class="TipTout_background-ilqhthmR9OM-">Have a nfintial tip for our reporters?<!-- --> <span class="TipTout_lk-uBZSvGfY87E-">Get Touch</span></div></a><a href=" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="TermalTout_termalTout-jMmQ--E35FQ- TermalTout_centerAligned-dU4kQ27OR90-" data-ponent="termal-tout"><div class="TermalTout_background-ugfAG8JrlcE-"><div class="TermalTout_-7hWexZP6x-U-">Before ’s here, ’s on the<!-- --> <span class="TermalTout_highlight-LKP-y7t--IQ-">Bloomberg Termal</span></div><div class="TermalTout_cta-MhehFIQemMA-"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-label="Bloomberg Termal" xmlns=" class="TermalTout_in-UNnzMeAfRHw-"><tle>Bloomberg Termal

gay supreme court india

Five years ago, India crimalized gay sex. Now, four gay and lbian upl are petng India's Supreme Court to take the next step: Legalize gay marriage.

Contents:

SRABH KIRPAL: THE MAN WHO ULD BE INDIA'S FIRST OPENLY GAY JUDGE

India's Supreme Court is hearg arguments the historic se this week, years after crimalized gay sex. India uld bee the send place Asia to allow marriage equaly, after Taiwan. * gay supreme court india *

"I'm very optimistic and have great fah the judiciary, " Ms Guswamy, whose team is reprentg six same-sex unn s urt, told the of her optimism e om readg the December 2018 judgement that crimalised gay sex - "the thg that stck me most was that the urt emphasised the right to choice of partner and that mak me very optimistic", she said. "Homosexualy is not a disease, " the IPS said, addg that discrimatn agast LGBTQ+ people uld "lead to mental health issu them" IPS statement rri some heft - a siar statement supportg crimalisg gay sex 2018 had been referred to by the Supreme Court s judgement.

The Supreme Court 2018 stck down a lonial-era law that ma gay sex punishable by up to 10 years prison, and is now hearg arguments a se to legalize same-sex marriage. " 18 upl have petned the Supreme Court to legalize same-sex marriage Dai's reactn to her son tellg her he was gay was so remarkable that her phone number quickly circulated among members of Mumbai's LGBTQ+ muny.

Some of India's biggt silver-screen stars have played queer rol, cludg Rajkummar Rao, who played a gay police officer the 2022 film Badhaai Do, and Sonam Kapoor, who played a lbian 2019's Ek Ladki Dekha Toh Aisa Laga.

GAY UPL INDIA ASK SUPREME COURT TO LEGALISE SAME-SEX MARRIAGE

Four gay upl have asked India's Supreme Court to regnise same-sex marriag, settg the stage for a legal face-off wh Prime Mister Narendra Modi's ernment which has the past refed to legalise such marriag. * gay supreme court india *

It is the latt a seri of urt cisns to challenge the untry’s nservative mor, and uld have major implitns for the rights of women and gay urt led favor of Deepika Sgh, a nurse whose employer, a ernment medil stute northern India, had nied her applitn for materny leave after she gave birth bee she had already taken leave to re for her hband’s children om a prev marriage. In recent years, the urt has creasgly phed back agast India’s societal norms on genr and sexualy, an apparent nod to the fact that many Indians themselv are rejectg those a landmark lg 2014, the urt regnized transgenr people as a third genr servg equal accs to legal protectns and social welfare Supreme Court crimalized homosexualy 2018, overturng one of the world’s olst bans on nsensual gay September, the urt opened the door for women to pursue ary reers at the hight levels, and May, orred the police to rpect the right for women to engage the groundbreakg lg on homosexualy, activists have been petng urts to legalize gay marriage, and to extend the benefs of marriage to same-sex domtic partnerships, as well as to allow same-sex upl to foster and adopt effort has bumped up agast a plex approach to acmodatg India’s relig India, marriage is erned by a set of relig, personal laws, which date to the lonial era and vary among fahs, and by a secular law lled the Special Marriage Act. It's wily believed that Prime Mister Narendra Modi's ernment is likely to accept Mr Kirpal's name the g 2018, the Supreme Court crimalised gay sex a landmark lg which was seen as a huge victory for the untry's LGBTQ populatn - Mr Kirpal was the lawyer for two key petners the se.

Image source, NurPhotoImage ptn, In 2018, the Supreme Court crimalised gay sex a landmark 2020, he said he was two mds about his name beg sent for the post, but eventually agreed bee he thought he uld be a role mol for the LGBTQ muny. Mr Kirpal has said that he nsirs two people as his biggt fluenc the field of law - his father and Mr Kirpal's father, BN Kirpal, served as India's chief D Rangnekar, a former journalist and thor of Straight to Normal: My Life as a Gay Man, said the remendatn was a "historic" moment for the muny.

Notably, this same urt granted certa rights to the transgenr muny 2014, clared privacy a nstutnal right 2017, crimalized gay sex 2018 and expand protectns for "atypil" fai 2022. The Indian Psychiatric Society, the untry's largt anizatn of mental health profsnals, issued a statement last week reeratg that homosexualy is not a disease and that nyg people their civil rights may lead to mental health issu.

INDIA'S SUPREME COURT STRIK DOWN BAN ON GAY SEX

A landmark judgment by India’s hight urt has overturned a lonial-era law that crimaliz nsensual gay sex * gay supreme court india *

REUTERS/Anhree FadnavisSummarySupreme Court to hear gay marriage se JanuaryFour gay upl say nied basic fundamental rightsModi ernment has opposed same-sex marriageCase seen as key tt for Modi ernmentNEW DELHI, Dec 19 (Rters) - Four gay upl have asked India's Supreme Court to regnise same-sex marriag, settg the stage for a legal face-off wh Prime Mister Narendra Modi's ernment which has the past refed to legalise such a historic verdict 2018, India's top urt crimalised homosexualy by scrappg a lonial-era ban on gay sex.

Dpe the 2018 lg, members of India's lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr (LGBT) muny pla about a lack of acceptance and discrimatn agast gay people Indian activists say that while 2018 lg affirmed their nstutnal rights, they are still prived of legal backg for same-sex marriag, a basic right enjoyed by heterosexual married three Supreme Court filgs seen by Rters, the upl say that whout legal regnn of beg married, they are nied rights such as those lked to medil nsent, pensns, adoptn or even simpler thgs like club memberships for upl. "In tth, they have no rights at all, " the filg four gay upl want a Supreme Court lg that modifi or terprets laws a way that allows same-genr marriag, the urt filgs is a sensive subject the socially nservative untry of 1. 4 billn people, where speakg openly about homosexualy is taboo for pleas have already triggered a bate on prime-time TV news and generated edorials newspapers whether the time has e for the world's largt mocracy to jo roughly three dozen untri where such marriag are Uned Stat this month approved legislatn that provis feral regnn to same-sex marriag a bid to further safeguard gay Indian Supreme Court s, which follow many lawsus filed lower urts where no cisn was reached, will be a key tt for Modi's Hdu natnalist ernment and his Monday, a feral lawmaker om Modi's party appealed to lleagu the upper hoe of parliament to oppose legal regnn of marriage between same-sex upl.

"Backg the upl are high-profile lawyers cludg one of India's former Attorney Generals and another unsel named Srabh Kirpal, who is openly gay and an terview last month acced Modi's ernment of layg his elevatn as a state judge due to his sexual and Modi's office did not rpond to a requt for ment on those remarks. New Delhi’s High Court crimalized homosexualy among nsentg adults 2009, only to be later overturned by the untry’s Supreme Court 2012, followg appeals om relig groups.

INDIA'S SUPREME COURT TURNS THE CLOCK BACK WH GAY SEX BAN

India's Supreme Court on Wednday restated a ban on gay sex the world's largt mocracy, followg a four-year perd of crimalizatn that had helped brg homosexualy to the open the socially nservative untry. * gay supreme court india *

Even though Hdu and Mlim groups cid to stand back and not legally challenge the petn, members om all relig groups have vociferoly fend their anti-gay stand speech and media appearanc.

ET Celebratns by India's LGBTQ muny stretched to the night Thursday, after the untry's Supreme Court stck down a long-standg ban on gay sex a unanimo cisn that marks a watershed the socially nservative untry of 1.

It is a landmark lg a natn where attus about gays and lbians are begng to change — and the cisn pots to more qutns of how India will extend equal protectns to the LGBTQ muny. "I was nsired as a crimal jt bee the person wh whom I wanted to make love was of the same genr, " said Ank Bhuptani, a gay rights activist and founr of the Gay and Lbian Vaishnava Associatn. NEW DELHI (Rters) - India’s Supreme Court on Wednday restated a ban on gay sex the world’s largt mocracy, followg a four-year perd of crimalizatn that had helped brg homosexualy to the open the socially nservative untry.

FOUR UPL ARE PETNG INDIA'S SUPREME COURT TO LEGALIZE GAY MARRIAGE

* gay supreme court india *

REUTERS/Danish SiddiquiIn 2009 the Delhi High Court led unnstutnal a sectn of the penal datg back to 1860 that prohibs “rnal terurse agast the orr of nature wh any man, woman or animal” and lifted the ban for nsentg Supreme Court threw out that cisn, sayg only parliament uld change Sectn 377 of the penal , wily terpreted to refer to homosexual sex. General electns are due by next May and the socially nservative Hdu natnalist opposn is already gatherg ’s gay culture has opened up recent years, although the untry remas overwhelmgly nservative and sex outsi marriage, even among heterosexual upl, is largely owned upon.

India’s first gay pri march took place the eastern cy of Kolkata 1999 and only around a dozen people, sce 2008, India’s pal Delhi, s fancial center, Mumbai, the IT hub of Bangalore and other ci have started holdg much larger events. Gay film ftivals and universy mp groups have also spng 2009 judgment had allowed people to anize such events far more openly by protectg gay people om beg fired bee of their sexualy, and has meant that doctors uld no longer refe to treat homosexuals, activists say.

INDIAN LGBT ACTIVISTS OUTRAGED AS SUPREME URT RESTAT GAY SEX BAN

India's Supreme Court crimalized gay sex 2018. In January, the urt accepted a petn om four LGBTQ upl to legalize same-sex marriage. It is set to hear arguments on Monday. * gay supreme court india *

”Gay rights protters held a monstratn on Wednday Delhi and some Indians changed their Facebook profile pictur to show two men kissg a sign of their support for an apparent prott agast the lg, spected hackers posted the phrase “supremeurt is so gay” on Pepsi India’s Twter acunt on Wednday.

JUANA SUMMERS, HOST: Five years ago, India crimalized gay sex, and now some gay and lbian upl are petng the Supreme Court to take the next step - legalizg gay marriage. (SOUNDBITE OF ICE CLINKING IN GLASS)RAKSHA KUMAR, BYLINE: San Dias pours herself a drk and reflects on how far she and her partner have e as a gay uple tradnal DIAS: Whatever fears I might have had g out, I live a good life wh my fay, my iends, lleagu, neighbors.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)SUSHIL MODI: The same-sex marriage or the lbian or the gay marriage has not been regnized, and is ntrary to the Indian ethos, Indian culture, Indian Not all Hdu natnalists share that view, though. Gay marriage proponents and upl like San and Adi recently got support om someone they least expected - the head of the most powerful Hdu natnalist anizatn India, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or RSS.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY SUPREME COURT INDIA

Indian LGBT activists outraged as supreme urt restat gay sex ban | India | The Guardian.

TOP