A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• NEWLY PUBLISHED PORTRAS DOCUMENT A CENTURY OF GAY MEN LOVE
• 100 YEARS OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF GAY MEN LOVE
• GAY RIGHTS
• THE 200-YEAR-OLD DIARY THAT'S REWRG GAY HISTORY
• THE HIDN GAY LIV FALLY BEG UNVERED
• MAKINGGAYHISTORY—THE PODCAST
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• BT GAY HISTORIL ROMANCE
• RACG TO PRERVE THE HISTORY OF MAE’S 1ST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN
• 'PASSAG' DIRECTOR NOUNC 'DANGERO' NC-17 RATG ON A FILM PICTG A GAY LOVE STORY
• OUT GAY PRO WRTLER AC MACK LEAV THE RG AS AN SPIRATN
• THE SECRET GAY HISTORY OF ANCIENT EGYPTHOMOSEXUALY AND ANCIENT EGYPT: A COMPLITED RELATNSHIP.SAL·FOLLOWPUBLISHED LSONS OM HISTORY·5 M READ·APR 8, 2021--1SHAREPHOTO CREDS: GNOME STEWANCIENT EGYPT IS UALLY ASSOCIATED WH MARVELO TOMBS FILLED WH GOLD, MAGNIFICENT STCTUR THE FORM OF THE GREAT PYRAMIDS AND THE LG DYNASTI, AND PHARAOHS. HOWEVER, THIS ANCIENT YET GREAT CIVILIZATN WAS SIAR TO MANY OTHER STAT TODAY WHEN TO HOMOSEXUALY: WAS SEEN AS UNNATURAL AND NOT ACCEPTED SOCIETY.WHILE THERE IS MUCH EVINCE THAT TTIFI THAT HOMOSEXUALY WAS NOT THE NORM, THERE ARE OTHER SPECULATNS THAT S REMNANTS WERE FOUND EVEN AT THE HIGHT STRATA OF THE SOCIAL LADR WH ANCIENT EGYPT. EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE SRCE, THE CLU DO NOT STOP HISTORIANS OM GGG THE PREVALENCE OF HOMOSEXUALY. FROM THE HOLY BOOKS THAT TALK ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY TO THE POTENTIAL PRACTICE OF BY AN EGYPTIAN EMPEROR, THIS IS A LOOK AT HOMOSEXUALY ANCIENT EGYPT.THE CUR CASE OF NIANKHKHNUM AND KHNUMHOTEP
• PFLAG AND LGBTQ RIGHTS: HOW A MOTHER'S LOVE FOR HER GAY SON BEME A POLIL FORCE THE 1970S
• SOME OF THE GREATT GAY LOVE STORI MOVI
• GAY MEN UNR THE NAZI REGIME
• SAM HGHAN SHUT DOWN GAY MORS PAST BY ADDRSG WILD CLAIMS ABOUT SEXUALY
• THE GAY CHURCH
• BLACKS, GAYS AND THE CHURCH: A COMPLEX RELATNSHIP
• THE REVOLUTNARY WAR HERO WHO WAS OPENLY GAY

NEWLY PUBLISHED PORTRAS DOCUMENT A CENTURY OF GAY MEN LOVE

When Douglas's father grew spic about their relatnship, he lnched a mpaign agast Wil that eventually led to his arrt on grounds of gross cency ( for beg gay) and was sentenced to two years Wil was released, the two tried to rekdle their love, only to be forced apart by their fai, who threatened to whhold funds. Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels.

”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze. That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

100 YEARS OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF GAY MEN LOVE

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn. Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri.

GAY RIGHTS

In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985.

THE 200-YEAR-OLD DIARY THAT'S REWRG GAY HISTORY

But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn.

In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Historians om Oxford Universy have been taken aback to disver that Matthew Tomlson's diary om 1810 ntas such open-md views about same-sex attractn beg a "natural" human diary challeng prenceptns about what "ordary people" thought about homosexualy - showg there was a bate about whether someone really should be discrimated agast for their sexualy.

"In this excg new disvery, we see a Yorkshire farmer argug that homosexualy is nate and somethg that shouldn't be punished by ath, " says Oxford rearcher Eamonn O' ptn, The diari were handwrten by Tomlson the farmhoe where he lived and workedThe historian had been examg Tomlson's handwrten diari, which have been stored Wakefield Library sce the thoands of pag of the private journals have never been transcribed and prevly ed by rearchers terted Tomlson's eye-wns acunts of electns Yorkshire and the Ludd smashg up O'Keeffe me across what seemed, for the era of Gee III, to be a rather startlg set of arguments about same-sex relatnships. Tomlson had been prompted by what had been a big sex sndal of the day - which a well-rpected naval surgeon had been found to be engagg homosexual ptn, Historian Eamonn O'Keeffe says the diari provi a rare sight to the views of "ordary people" the early 1800sA urt martial had orred him to be hanged - but Tomlson seemed unnvced by the cisn, qutng whether what the papers lled an "unnatural act" was really that unnatural.

THE HIDN GAY LIV FALLY BEG UNVERED

"It mt seem strange ed that God Almighty should make a beg wh such a nature, or such a fect nature; and at the same time make a cree that if that beg whom he had formed, should at any time follow the dictat of that Nature, wh which he was formed, he should be punished wh ath, " he wrote on January 14 there was an "clatn and propensy" for someone to be homosexual om an early age, he wrote, " mt then be nsired as natural, otherwise as a fect nature - and if natural, or a fect nature; seems cel to punish that fect wh ath" diarist mak reference to beg rmed by others that homosexualy is apparent om an early age - suggtg that Tomlson and his social circle had been talkg about this se and discsg somethg that was not unknown to this time, and also Wt Yorkshire, a lol landowner, Anne Lister, was wrg a d diary about her lbian relatnships - wh her story told the televisn seri, Gentleman knowg what "ordary people" really thought about such behavur is always difficult - not least bee the loust survivg voic are ually the wealthy and has exced amics is the chance to eavdrop on an everyday farmer thkg aloud his source, Getty ImagImage ptn, Tomlson was appalled by the levels of rptn durg electns"What's strikg is that he's an ordary guy, he's not a member of the bohemian circl or an tellectual, " says O'Keeffe, a doctoral stunt Oxford's history acceptance of homosexualy might have been exprsed privately aristocratic or philosophilly radil circl - but this was beg discsed by a ral worker. O'Keeffe says shows ias were "perlatg through Brish society much earlier and more wily than we'd expect" - wh the diary workg through the bat that Tomlson might have been havg wh his the were still far om morn liberal views - and O'Keeffe says they n be extremely "jarrg" someone was homosexual by choice, rather than by nature, Tomlson was ready to nsir that they should still be punished - proposg stratn as a more morate optn than the ath ptn, Tomlson's former home was still there the 1930s (bottom left), but has sce disappeared beneath hog and a golf urseO'Keeffe says disverg evince of the kds of bate has both "enriched and plited" what we know about public opn this pre-Victorian diary is raisg ternatnal Fara Dabhoiwala, om Prceton Universy the US, an expert the history of attus towards sexualy, scrib as "vivid proof" that "historil attus to same-sex behavur uld be more sympathetic than is ually prumed".

MAKINGGAYHISTORY—THE PODCAST

Instead of seeg homosexualy as a "horrible perversn", Prof Dabholwala says the rerd showed a farmer 1810 uld see as a "natural, dively ordaed human qualy" Norton, an expert gay history, said there had been earlier arguments fendg homosexualy as natural - but the were more likely to be om philosophers than farmers.

For a long time, the mastream public didn't want to hear our Ca's The Secret Life of Albert Entwistle tells the story of a secretly gay postman searchg for a lost love om his youth (Cred: Headle Review)"I would venture to say that the public were disgted and outraged, " says thor Crystal Jeans. That same year, the so-lled "Alan Turg law" offered pardons to 49, 000 Brish gay men who’d been nvicted of homosexual acts – followg a mpaign arguably bolstered by the greater awarens brought about by The Imatn Game, the h film that picted the nvictn and chemil stratn of the Enigma-breakg puter scientist.

And that’s where the dosrs the photo e Kay explaed a 2016 telephone nversatn wh MGH host Eric Marc, Barbara Gtgs and Frank Kameny went to a GLF (Gay Liberatn Front) meetg New York Cy shortly after the Stonewall uprisg and were challenged by one of the lears who asked them what entled them to be there. Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men. This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

The creasg expansn of a global LGBT rights movement suffered a setback durg the 1980s, as the gay male muny was cimated by the Aids epimic, mands for passn and medil fundg led to renewed alns between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like Aids Coaln to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Natn.

Wh greater media attentn to gay and lbian civil rights the 1990s, trans and tersex voic began to ga space through works such as Kate Boernste’s “Genr Outlaw” (1994) and “My Genr Workbook” (1998), Ann Fsto-Sterlg’s “Myths of Genr” (1992) and Llie Feberg’s “Transgenr Warrrs” (1998), enhancg shifts women’s and genr studi to bee more clive of transgenr and nonbary inti. One of the biblil passag most often ced the prent to nmn same-sex relatnships, Romans 1:24-27, any translatn, mentns how men and women gave up "natural relatns for unnatural" and mted "shamels acts" but, the ntext of the whole passage, this should be unrstood as referencg idolatro behavr – behavg as pagans did at i – rather than a mted gay relatnship.

BT GAY HISTORIL ROMANCE

In rponse to their activism, many jurisdictns enacted laws banng discrimatn agast homosexuals, and an creasg number of employers Ameri and European untri agreed to offer “domtic partner” benefs siar to the health re, life surance and, some s, pensn benefs available to heterosexual married upl. However, most shared wh gay men the sire to have a secure place the world muny at large, unchallenged by the fear of vlence, the stggle for equal treatment unr the law, the attempt to silence, and any other form of civil behavur that impos send-class article was most recently revised and updated by Alison Eldridge.

However, this ancient yet great civilizatn was siar to many other stat today when to homosexualy: was seen as unnatural and not accepted there is much evince that ttifi that homosexualy was not the norm, there are other speculatns that s remnants were found even at the hight strata of the social ladr wh Ancient Egypt. (Image cred: Alamy)The actor Sam Elltt's ntroversial recent ments cricised The Power of the Dog's 'allns to homosexualy', but queer readgs of wterns stretch back s, and Zachariah is a prime example, wr Sean the ialistic 1960s gave way to the cynil 1970s, US cema began servg up creasgly nihilistic and psychologilly plex stori, all wh sour endgs to match. In all s Firign-fuelled youth-culture provotn, Needham tells BBC Culture, the film "ptur the overlap between anti-Vietnam War, rock mic, sexual liberatn, femism, the emergence of gay rights, civil rights, environmentalism – they're all alcg" wtern was a predomant mo through which mascule performance was tght, pecially to young whe Amerin menThe boys' embrace at the end of Zachariah, then, is an earnt rebuttal of the toxic, vlent mascule mor on which the wtern genre was built.

RACG TO PRERVE THE HISTORY OF MAE’S 1ST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN

Red River (1948), a film laced wh nuendo which John Wayne and Montgomery Clift, a closeted gay man, admire each other's firearms, was labelled a queer touchstone – alongsi Calamy Jane (1953) and Johnny Guar (1954), which also upend genr rol – Vo Rso's 1981 book The Celluloid Closet: Homosexualy the Movi, and the documentary of the same name (1995). “Chncey pots out that while the pansy craze often drew on or reproduced the most meang stereotyp of male homosexuals, did, at tim, provi a space for some gay performers to speak about, to rist, and even to unter heterosexist prumptns about fairi and other queers, ” the film scholar Mark Lynn Anrson wr his 2011 book Twilight of the Idols: Hollywood and the Human Scienc 1920s Ameri. Alarmed by the possibily that divorced and remarried people might be weled as well as gays, tradnalists lnched a fierce rearguard mpaign agast the new papacy, wh a foc on what some lled a “Lavenr Mafia” nng the church, and broke new ground nnectg this directly to the horrifyg revelatns of sex abe that me to light 2002.

For example, as the late historian John Boswell monstrated his groundbreakg, ntroversial book Christiany, Social Tolerance, and Homosexualy, a fourth-century Christian wrer, John Chrysostom, attacked the lears of the church for beg too acceptg of same-sex love and even sex: “Those very people who have been nourished by godly doctre, who stct others what they ought and ought not to do … the do not nsort wh prostut as fearlsly as they do wh young men … None is ashamed, no one blh … the chaste seem to be the odd on, and the disapprovg the on error. Carl Jung intified the archetypal gifts of the homosexual: “a great pacy for iendship, which often creat ti of astonishg tenrns between men”; a talent for teachg, athetics, and tradn (“to be nservative the bt sense and cherish the valu of the past”); “a wealth of relig feelgs, which help to brg the ecclia spirualis to realy; and a spirual receptivy which mak him rponsive to revelatn. Omar Mateen pledged support to the Islamic State (ISIS) shortly before his ath, though he do not seem to have been actively reced by the motiv for the attack have not been pletely tablished beyond doubt, given that the attacks took place at a gay nightclub, is likely that at least partially, the attacks were motivated by homophobia.

However, undoubtedly, there is now wispread tert what Islam and Mlim-majory cultur say about homosexualy and the tradnal manner which homosexualy is approached Mlim-majory societi, particular is the se wh most Jewish and Christian unrstandgs, virtually all schools (madhhab) of Islamic jurispnce, Sunni and Shia, hold that homosexual acts are forbidn. Sunni mentator Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Thalabi (died 1035) and Shia mentator Abu Ali al-Fadl ibn al-Hasan al-Tabrisi (died 1154) both clarify that specifilly the “cency” referred to the Quran is Quran self do not prcribe a penalty agast homosexuals; however, ually the body of Sharia prcrib the ath penalty for the act of sodomy based on the hadh (saygs) of Muhammad and the ttimony of his sahaba (panns).

'PASSAG' DIRECTOR NOUNC 'DANGERO' NC-17 RATG ON A FILM PICTG A GAY LOVE STORY

The liph’s sexualy has been the source of some bate: Acrdg to the French medievalist Évariste Lévi-Provençal, the phrase “hubb al-walad, ” found 16th-century historian Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari’s pendium "Nafh at-Tib" reference to Al-Hakam II, translat as a “preference for boys, ” though other scholars mata refers to paternal Medieval Europe scholar Francis Prado-Vilar wrote that knowledge of Al-Hakam’s homosexualy the urt of Córdoba “enuraged the ambns of the factns gathered around his much younger brother, Prce al-Mughira. Frerick the Great of Pssia (1712 - 1786)Even his lifetime, this Pssian royal was wily mored to be a homosexual, though that term wouldn’t be ed till nearly 90 years after his years after the kg’s ath, his physician Johann Ge Rter von Zimmermann published a book which he sperately tried to dispel gossip Frerick had a “Grecian taste love.

But he did ltle to obscure his sexualy: Sanssouci, his palace Potsdam, was filled wh homoerotic art and, across Europe, “l Potsdamists” beme slang for kg allegedly pursued the Veian philosopher Franc Algarotti and even famed French philosopher Voltaire, who lived wh him at Sanssouci, though ’s not certa if eher relatnship was Voltaire’s ath 1778, a mancript of his memoir tailg Frerick’s homosexual tennci tail was stolen and published the Netherlands.

”The archde spent the rt of his life secln at Klsheim Palace near Salzburg, where he died at the age of 76 1919, three years after his brother’s ath and one year after the Atro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved after the end of World War II of Buganda (1868 - 1903)Discsn of Uganda’s treatment of homosexualy ually settl on Print Yoweri Meveni’s “Kill the Gays” bill, but this 19th century kabaka, or kg, of Buganda allegedly had sexual relatnships wh men along wh his 16 1886, Mwanga II orred the btal torture and aths of dozens of urtiers and pag, wh many burned alive.

OUT GAY PRO WRTLER AC MACK LEAV THE RG AS AN SPIRATN

Before he was assassated 1978, along wh San Francis Mayor Gee Masne, Milk helped stave off a nservative backlash agast LGBT equaly the form of the so-lled Briggs Iniative, which would have barred gay people om teachg California's public was elected to the San Francis Board of Supervisors 1977. For weeks 1997, Ameri wonred and ABC's publicy partment fueled speculatn about whether or not DeGener's character would follow the lead of the real-life lbian who played her by g wh clever humor cludg a gag about receivg a ee kchen appliance for exg the closet (an obv reference to the age-old homophobic notn that the LGBT muny "recs" members), the wily viewed g-out episo of Ellen ma televisn history — and ma a lghg natn measurably more fortable wh and acceptg of gay people general. Dpe his personal undog followg his arrt, nvictn, and sentence of two years hard labor for the "crime" of homosexualy (technilly, "gross cency"), the wrer of classics such a The Importance of Beg Earnt and The Picture of Dorian Gray remas one of the wrten word's most famo and celebrated artists.

Stonewall's LegacyThough the Stonewall uprisg didn’t start the gay rights movement, was a galvanizg force for LGBT polil activism, leadg to numero gay rights anizatns, cludg the Gay Liberatn Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lbian Alliance Agast Defamatn), and PFLAG (formerly Parents, Fai and Friends of Lbians and Gays) the one-year anniversary of the rts on June 28, 1970, thoands of people marched the streets of Manhattan om the Stonewall Inn to Central Park what was then lled “Christopher Street Liberatn Day, ” Ameri’s first gay pri para.

THE SECRET GAY HISTORY OF ANCIENT EGYPTHOMOSEXUALY AND ANCIENT EGYPT: A COMPLITED RELATNSHIP.SAL·FOLLOWPUBLISHED LSONS OM HISTORY·5 M READ·APR 8, 2021--1SHAREPHOTO CREDS: GNOME STEWANCIENT EGYPT IS UALLY ASSOCIATED WH MARVELO TOMBS FILLED WH GOLD, MAGNIFICENT STCTUR THE FORM OF THE GREAT PYRAMIDS AND THE LG DYNASTI, AND PHARAOHS. HOWEVER, THIS ANCIENT YET GREAT CIVILIZATN WAS SIAR TO MANY OTHER STAT TODAY WHEN TO HOMOSEXUALY: WAS SEEN AS UNNATURAL AND NOT ACCEPTED SOCIETY.WHILE THERE IS MUCH EVINCE THAT TTIFI THAT HOMOSEXUALY WAS NOT THE NORM, THERE ARE OTHER SPECULATNS THAT S REMNANTS WERE FOUND EVEN AT THE HIGHT STRATA OF THE SOCIAL LADR WH ANCIENT EGYPT. EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE SRCE, THE CLU DO NOT STOP HISTORIANS OM GGG THE PREVALENCE OF HOMOSEXUALY. FROM THE HOLY BOOKS THAT TALK ABOUT HOMOSEXUALY TO THE POTENTIAL PRACTICE OF BY AN EGYPTIAN EMPEROR, THIS IS A LOOK AT HOMOSEXUALY ANCIENT EGYPT.THE CUR CASE OF NIANKHKHNUM AND KHNUMHOTEP

”In 2016, then-Print Barack Obama signated the se of the rts—Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surroundg streets and siwalks—a natnal monument regnn of the area’s ntributn to gay Gallery The Stonewall Inn is a bar loted New York Cy’s Greenwich Village that served as a haven the 1960s for the cy’s gay, lbian and transgenr muny.

PFLAG AND LGBTQ RIGHTS: HOW A MOTHER'S LOVE FOR HER GAY SON BEME A POLIL FORCE THE 1970S

SOME OF THE GREATT GAY LOVE STORI MOVI

GAY MEN UNR THE NAZI REGIME

SAM HGHAN SHUT DOWN GAY MORS PAST BY ADDRSG WILD CLAIMS ABOUT SEXUALY

THE GAY CHURCH

BLACKS, GAYS AND THE CHURCH: A COMPLEX RELATNSHIP

THE REVOLUTNARY WAR HERO WHO WAS OPENLY GAY