Among non-human mammals, exposure to androgens durg cril perds of velopment leads to gynephilia (attractn to femal), whereas the absence or low levels of prenatal androgens leads to androphilia (attractn to mal). However, humans, retrospective markers of prenatal androgens have only been associated wh gynephilia among women, but not wh androphilia among men. Here, we asked whether an direct ditn of prenatal androgen exposure, 2D:4D, differs between subsets of gay men leated by anal sex role (ASR). ASR was ed as a proxy for subgroups bee ASR groups tend to differ other measur affected by bra sexual differentiatn, such as genr nformy. First, we replited the fdg that gay men wh a receptive ASR preference (bottoms) report greater genr nonnformy (GNC) pared to gay men wh an sertive ASR preference (tops). We then found that Tops have a lower (male-typil) average right-hand dig rat than Bottoms, and that among all gay men the right-hand 2D:4D rrelated wh GNC, ditg that a higher (female-typil) 2D:4D is associated wh creased GNC. Differenc were found between non-exclive and exclive same-sex attractn and GNC, and ASR group differenc on dig rats do not reach signifince when all non-heterosexual men are clud the analys, suggtg greater heterogeney the velopment of non-exclive same-sex sexual orientatns. Overall, rults support a role for prenatal androgens, as approximated by dig rats, fluencg the sexual orientatn and GNC of a subset of gay men.
Contents:
- DIFFERENC DIG RATS BETWEEN GAY MEN WHO PREFER RECEPTIVE VERS SERTIVE SEX ROL DITE A ROLE FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN
- GAY MEN EARN DEGRE AT HIGHT RATE, STUDY FDS
- HOW MANY AMERIN MEN ARE GAY?
DIFFERENC DIG RATS BETWEEN GAY MEN WHO PREFER RECEPTIVE VERS SERTIVE SEX ROL DITE A ROLE FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN
Disver all facts and statistics on Homosexualy (gays and lbians) the U.S. on ! * gay ke rate *
"Although the cince of heterosexual pedophil exceeds that of homosexual pedophil by a factor of about two to one, dividuals the populatn at large wh a heterosexual orientatn outnumber those wh a homosexual orientatn by about 20 to 1. Instead, he argu, the anctral past, such velopmental experienc would have led to statistilly more homosexualy out than would the absence of such enunters, and th there was a selectn bias for homophobia, apparently exacerbated by beg a parent.
GAY MEN EARN DEGRE AT HIGHT RATE, STUDY FDS
A Gallup poll that found 5.6% of adults the US — cludg 16% of Gen Z adults — intify as lbian, bisexual, gay, or transgenr. * gay ke rate *
StatisticsAmerin men and women who intify as homosexual, bisexual, or transgenr, by stateShare of French people who have ever felt unfortable around LGBT people 2019Sexual orientatn of Amerins 2013Transgenr intifitn Lat Ameri 2016, by untryFaiary wh the LGBT muny Lat Ameri 2016Lat Ameri: murrs of trans & genr-diverse people 2008-2021Opns on unique spirual gifts of transgenr people India 2017Opn on transgenr people's place Japan 2017Opns among Japane whether transgenr people have a form of mental illns 2017Opns on whether transgenr people have a mental illns India 2017Individuals who thk transgenr people are brave Poland 2017Opn on high school female trans athlet petg the U.
In ntrast, the data do not support a role for prenatal androgens the velopment of differenc sexual orientatn among men, as nclud by the same two meta-analys4, the associatn wh 2D:4D and genr rol among female sexual orientatn, we hypothized that a subset of gay men who are more genr nonnformg may show a larger, ls male-typil, 2D:4D than more genr nformg gay men. We hypothized that gay men wh a Bottom ASR (receptive), who tend to be more genr nonnformg (GNC), would have a higher (more female-typil) average dig rat than ASR Tops (sertive), who tend to be more genr nformg. E., (1) dited that they were assigned male at birth, (2) intify wh male genr, (3) intify as gay and 4) report an exclive attractn to mal the last year], 125 of which dited their ASR preferenc, and 122 dited their ASR behavr.
HOW MANY AMERIN MEN ARE GAY?
* gay ke rate *
For nsistency across measur, sre on the Relled Childhood GNC sle were subtracted by 5 and multiplied by negative 1 for graphil pictn of rults; Th, a higher sre on both the Childhood and Adulthood GNC graphs dit more genr size imageNon-exclive same-sex attractn, GNC and dig ratsThe prcipal analys above asssed ASR differenc GNC and dig rats among gay men, whereas other non-heterosexual men were exclud om the analys as we hypothized that there may be more variabily velopmental procs fluencg sexual orientatn of men who display variatn same and oppose sex attractn and/or behavr.
Here, we report analys on the fol measur cludg all non-heterosexual men: self-intified gay men (n = 149), self-intified bisexual men (n = 24), and men who self-intified as “other” (n = 18; self-labels clud: pansexual, asexual, nonbary, genrqueer, queer, heteroflexible, qutng, trans, and var forms of “I don’t label myself”). DiscsnWe replited the fdg that ASR groups differ both relled childhood GNC and adulthood GNC, as gay men wh an sertive ASR preference (self-intified Tops) were more genr nformg than men wh a receptive ASR preference (self-intified Bottoms). Fally, we found that across the entire sample of gay men, 2D:4D rats rrelated wh both relled childhood and adulthood measur of GNC, such that a more male-typil (lower) 2D:4D was associated wh more genr nformy.
Altogether, the fdgs support a role for prenatal androgens fluencg ASR preference and genr nformy of gay fdg that 2D:4D rats differ a subset of gay men based on ASR and GNC rrponds well to the lerature on 2D:4D rats sexual orientatn women: self-intified “femme” and “butch” lbians differ their average dig rats such that the more genr nformg group (“femm”) had more female-typil (higher) 2D:4D rats3. Alternatively (although not mutually exclively), prenatal androgens may mediate a third variable such as sexual orientatn and/or body type which may fluence genr prent fdgs are nsistent wh prev lerature showg that gay men wh an sertive ASR preference display other ditors of high androgen exposure, cludg an earlier pubertal onset, creased height and body hair pared to both heterosexual men and other gay men19.
Acrdg to past rearch, lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) dividuals experience a higher prevalence of psychopathology, which is attributable to the creased strs (i.e., stigma and prejudice) that they experience, as tailed by the mory strs mol (MSM). This current lerature review examed the empiril lerature regardg the rat and typ of, and risk factors for eatg disorrs and disorred eatg behavrs LGBT adults and adolcents, addn to each dividual subgroup (i.e., lbians, gay mal, bisexuals, transgenr and genr-nonnformg dividuals). LGBT adults and adolcents experience greater cince of eatg disorrs and disorred eatg behavrs than their heterosexual and cisgenr unterparts. Addnally, gay, bisexual, and transgenr adults and adolcents were all at creased risk for eatg disorrs and disorred eatg behavrs. Mixed rults were found for lbian adults and adolcents. Rults are discsed wh the amework of the MSM. * gay ke rate *
The fdgs together wh the current study suggt that gay men wh an sertive ASR may be exposed to higher levels of androgens throughout their lifpan, rather than, or addn to, receptive ASR gay men beg exposed to lower androgens prenatally.
While there is generally high nrdance between preference and behavr, is likely that preference/fantasi rrpond more to ternal factors, whereas behavr is more nstraed by external nsiratns, such as the preferenc of sexual partners, and/or soc-cultural factors associated wh masculy and sex primary analys the prent study evaluated ASR group differenc GNC and dig rats among gay men, whereas other non-heterosexual men were exclud om the analys. For stance, the three groups of non-heterosexual men differ GNC: both self-intified bisexual and gay men report lower relled childhood and adulthood GNC pared to the “other” group of non-heterosexual men, and bisexual men report lower childhood GNC pared to gay men.
57% of gay men over 45 were sgle, pared to only 39% of lbians, and 48% of bisexual men and women. * gay ke rate *
Th, while is possible that prenatal androgens ntribute to the sexual orientatn of some non-exclive same-sex oriented men, this prr work together wh the prent study suggts that the velopment of same-sex attractn among bisexual and other non-heterosexual men likely differs and/or may be more variable than gay is important to note the limatns of the prent study that should be taken to nsiratn.
We, as well as other labs, have ed this measure prr publitns, showg nsistent sex differenc and sexual orientatn differenc among ncln, we found that a retrospective approximatn of prenatal androgens, the 2D:4D rat, differs among ASR preference groups, suggtg that gay men who prefer a receptive ASR and who tend to be more genr nonnformg were exposed to a lower level of prenatal androgen than gay men who prefer an sertive ASR, who tend to be more genr nformg. The rults support the nroendocre hypothis that at least a subset of gay men may owe their sexual orientatn to a rctn prenatal androgens, although is possible that high levels of prenatal androgens uld also crease odds of androphilia among men.
In a global survey nducted 2023, three percent of rponnts clared to be homosexual, gay, or lbian. * gay ke rate *
Pla English summaryIt has been found that lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) adults and adolcents are more likely to suffer om mental illns due to experiencg greater strs, ed by stigma and prejudice.
Roughly 52 percent of gay men the U.S. have a bachelor’s gree, pared to 36 percent of all adults. Their amic achievement shows rilience the face of victimizatn. * gay ke rate *
This lerature review exam past rearch fdgs regardg eatg disorrs and disorred eatg behavrs for lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr and genr non-nformg adults and adolcents as a whole, as well as each dividual group. The purpose of this rearch is to review the lerature regardg eatg disorrs and disorred eatg behavrs wh lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) adults and adolcents parison to their heterosexual and cisgenr unterparts.
Addnally, we examed four specific LGBT subgroups (lbian adults and adolcents; gay adults and adolcents; bisexual, mostly heterosexual, and qutng adults and adolcents; transgenr and genr non-nformg adults and adolcents), as well as risk factors for each mory strs mol (MSM) is often ed to expla mental health dispari sexual [121] and genr mory [76] groups.
Data analysis suggts that roughly 5 percent of Amerin men are gay, lns of whom are not out of the closet. * gay ke rate *
Mory strs mols pos that dividuals om LGBT populatns experience unique distal strsors, such as stigma and discrimatn, and proximal strsors, such as ternalized homophobia or transphobia and ncealment of sexual or genr inty [122] which turn lead to creased risk for the velopment of physil and mental health issu [26, 101, 118, 121, 122]. For example, one study found that sexual mory adolcents reported var forms of strs om the origal mol [121] cludg distal (discrimatn and victimizatn), proximal (expectatns of rejectn and ternalized stigma such as homophobia), and disclosure (ncealment strs), as well as vlence and social and verbal victimizatn [59].