The Gay Gene: New Evince Supports an Old Hypothis - Big Thk

Contents:

• THERE IS NO ‘GAY GENE.’ THERE IS NO ‘STRAIGHT GENE.’ SEXUALY IS JT PLEX, STUDY NFIRMS
• THE 'GAY GENE' IS A MYTH BUT BEG GAY IS 'NATURAL,' SAY SCIENTISTS
• NO ‘GAY GENE’: MASSIVE STUDY HOM ON GEIC BASIS OF HUMAN SEXUALY
• IS THERE A "GAY GENE"? MAJOR NEW STUDY SAYS NO
• THERE’S NO ONE ‘GAY GENE,’ BUT GEICS ARE LKED TO SAME-SEX BEHAVR, NEW STUDY SAYS
• THERE’S (STILL) NO GAY GENE
• KATY DAD: I’M NOT ANTI-GAY. I JT WANT GRAPHIC SEX OUT OF SCHOOL LIBRARI.
• SEARCH FOR 'GAY GEN' COM UP SHORT IN LARGE NEW STUDY
• MANY GEN INFLUENCE SAME-SEX SEXUALY, NOT A SGLE ‘GAY GENE’
• SCIENTISTS QUASH IA OF SGLE 'GAY GENE'
• WHAT DO THE NEW ‘GAY GEN’ TELL ABOUT SEXUAL ORIENTATN?
• WHY ARE PEOPLE GAY? GAY BY CHOICE OR IS BEG GAY GEIC?
• THE LIFE OF THE GAY GENE: OM HYPOTHETIL GEIC MARKER TO SOCIAL REALY
• THE 'GAY GENE' IS A TOTAL MYTH, MASSIVE STUDY CONCLUS
• GAY
• THE GAY GENE: NEW EVINCE SUPPORTS AN OLD HYPOTHIS

THERE IS NO ‘GAY GENE.’ THERE IS NO ‘STRAIGHT GENE.’ SEXUALY IS JT PLEX, STUDY NFIRMS

Humans have tried to unrstand human sexualy for centuri — and geics rearchers joed the ay the early 1990s after a seri of studi on tws suggted homosexualy ran fai. “As a teenager tryg to unrstand myself and unrstand my sexualy, I looked at the ter for “the gay gene” and obvly me across Xq28, ” said Fah Sathirapongsasuti, a study -thor and senr scientist at 23andMe, which he joked once led him to believe he hered his gayns om his mother.

The rearchers had members of the same-sex muny review the study’s sign and language, and they adm that their termology and fns for gay, lbian and heterosexual do not reflect the full nature of the sexualy ntuum. “[Our study] unrsr an important role for the environment shapg human sexual behavr and perhaps most importantly there is no sgle gay gene but rather the ntributn of many small geic effects sttered across the genome, ” Neale said. The news this week that the largt study of s kd failed to nfirm the existence of a "gay gene" is not so much a disappotment for those lookg to unrstand the LGBTQ muny, as is an acknowledgement that science do not need to tell what should be plaly obv: gays, lbians, bisexuals and pansexuals are who they are.

"There is no ‘gay gene’ that term whether someone has same-sex partners, ” said Ganna, who is also a geicist at the Broad Instute of MIT and Harvard as well as the Universy of Helski.

THE 'GAY GENE' IS A MYTH BUT BEG GAY IS 'NATURAL,' SAY SCIENTISTS

While the variatns the gen are not enough to raise a rabow flag and label anyone as unqutnably gay, the rearchers say the blogil variants may at the very least partly fluence sexual behavr.

NO ‘GAY GENE’: MASSIVE STUDY HOM ON GEIC BASIS OF HUMAN SEXUALY

This new rearch, he said “provis even more evince that beg gay or lbian is a natural part of human life, a ncln that has been drawn by rearchers and scientists time and aga. Geics nnot tell "the whole story, " as Eric Vila, director of the Center for Geic Medice Rearch at Children’s Natnal Health System, told the Post, about what "mak" somebody gay. “There is no ‘gay gene’, ” says lead study thor Andrea Ganna, a geicist at the Broad Instute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, and his lleagu also ed the analysis to timate that up to 25% of sexual behavur n be explaed by geics, wh the rt fluenced by environmental and cultural factors — a figure siar to the fdgs of smaller studi.

"This new study provis even more evince that that beg gay or lbian is a natural part of human life, a ncln that has been drawn by rearchers and scientists time and aga, " said GLAAD Chief Programs Officer Zeke Stok.

The rearchers say that, although variatns the gen nnot predict whether a person is gay, the variants may partly fluence sexual Ganna, lead thor and European Molecular Blogy Laboratory group lear at the Instute of Molecular Medice Fland, said the rearch rerc the unrstandg that same-sex sexual behavr is simply “a natural part of our diversy as a speci.

IS THERE A "GAY GENE"? MAJOR NEW STUDY SAYS NO

Some of the variants were rrelated wh same-sex sexual behavr men, others women, and some Vila, director of the Center for Geic Medice Rearch at Children’s Natnal Health System, said the study marks the end of “the simplistic ncept of the ‘gay gene. Environmental effects may be a factor for some people; for stance, havg olr brothers creas the odds that younger brothers will be gay, which rearchers spect may have to do wh chang to the mother’s immune system rponse to the earlier Stok, chief programs officer for GLAAD, said a statement that the new rearch on the geics “provis even more evince that beg gay or lbian is a natural part of human life, a ncln that has been drawn by rearchers and scientists time and aga. “We know that smell has a strong tie to sexual attractn, but s lks to sexual behavrs are not clear, ” said -thor Andrea Ganna, an stctor at HMS and Massachetts General Hospal om the Instute for Molecular Medice study is part a rponse to gay, lbian, and bisexual people’s cursy about themselv, said Fah Sathirapongsasuti, a senr scientist at 23andMe and -thor on the study, who is himself gay.

Michael Bronski, profsor of the practice media and activism wh the mtee on studi of women, genr, and sexualy, and thor of A Queer History of the Uned Stat, says the allure of a “gay gene” grew om the flourishg gay-rights movement the after the Stonewall rts 1969. ’77, then a rearcher at the Natnal Instut of Health, published rults showg a rrelatn between male homosexual behavr and a clter of gen, lled Xq28, at the tip of the X chromosome.

Exactly which gene this clter may be volved has proven elive—the current study found no signifint associatn between the X chromosome and same-sex sexual behavr—but the ia that a “gay gene” might lie somewhere Xq28—or elsewhere—was ptivatg.

THERE’S NO ONE ‘GAY GENE,’ BUT GEICS ARE LKED TO SAME-SEX BEHAVR, NEW STUDY SAYS

Zeke Stok, chief programs officer of the LGBTQ advocy anizatn GLAAD, ncurred an emailed statement: “This new study provis even more evince that beg gay or lbian is a natural part of human life, a ncln that has been drawn by rearchers and scientists time and aga. Others have warned that the search for a geic e would pathologize homosexualy the same way psychology did the twentieth century: efforts by psychoanalysts such as Irvg Bieber led to the cln of homosexualy the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn’s Diagnostic and Statistil Manual of Mental Disorrs until 1972.

THERE’S (STILL) NO GAY GENE

As noted above, the gen that rrelated wh same-sex sexual behavr also rrelated wh willgns to take risks, a nnectn that might not hold up cultur where homosexualy is ls stigmatized and those who are ls risk tolerant would therefore feel more able to act openly. However, blogists have documented homosexual behavr more than 450 speci, argug that same-sex behavr is not an unnatural choice, and may fact play a val role wh populatns.

So-lled genome-wi associatn studi intified a gene lled SLITRK6, which is active a bra regn lled the diencephalon that differs size between people who are homosexual or heterosexual. While there is no sgle “gay gene, ” there is overwhelmg evince of a blogil basis for sexual orientatn that is programmed to the bra before birth based on a mix of geics and prenatal ndns, none of which the fet choos.

KATY DAD: I’M NOT ANTI-GAY. I JT WANT GRAPHIC SEX OUT OF SCHOOL LIBRARI.

Those who nsir beg gay a disadvantage life (which still is, certa societi), might regard gay people differently if they knew that beg gay was an hered tra, rather than a nsequence of life events, such as a particular type of upbrgg, or mixg wh certa sorts of iends or even a liberate cisn.

An early study claimed that if one pair of (male) intil tws (who have intil geic patterns) was gay, there was a 100 percent chance of the other one also beg gay. It was quickly shown that, fact, the real chance of two intil tws beg gay was around 40-50 percent, whereas was ls non-intil on, though still somewhat greater than the general populatn. Rears would do well to discern and distst every variety of psdo-science, whether voked to jtify a relig philosophy (as evolutn for philosophil humanism), a polil iology (as evolutn for both Nazism and Socialism), or a qutnable human behavr (as the ‘gay gene’ myth for homosexual nduct).

In an effort to affect public policy and ga acceptance, the assertn often is ma that homosexuals serve equal rights jt as other mory groups—and should not be punished for, or forbidn om, exprsg their homosexualy. E., full and equal cizenship of racial mori), social liberals, femists, and homosexual activists were provid wh the perfect “at tail” to ri to advance their agenda. The perceptn is that the dividuals share the same apartment buildgs, offic, clubs, etc., wh heterosexual people, and that we need to realize jt how prevalent homosexualy is.

SEARCH FOR 'GAY GEN' COM UP SHORT IN LARGE NEW STUDY

If we were to start a new televisn s, and wanted to accurately portray homosexual rats society, we would need 199 heterosexual actors before we fally troduced one homosexual actor.

Prr to 1973, homosexualy appeared the Diagnostic and Statistil Manual of Mental Disorrs (DSM), the official reference book ed by the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn for diagnosg mental disorrs Ameri and throughout much of the rt of the world. Today, there is no mentn of homosexualy the DSM-IV (asi om a sectn scribg genr inty disorr), ditg that dividuals wh this ndn are not suable ndidat for therapy (see Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, 2000). Several thors have argued that clicians who attempt to help their clients change their homosexual orientatn are vlatg profsnal ethil s by providg a “treatment” that is effective, often harmful, and rerc their clients the false belief that homosexualy is a disorr and needs treatment (2003, 32:403).

MANY GEN INFLUENCE SAME-SEX SEXUALY, NOT A SGLE ‘GAY GENE’

The first “signifint” published study that dited a possible blogil role for homosexualy me om Simon LeVay, who was then at the Salk Instute for Blogil Studi San Diego, California. LeVay measured a particular regn of the bra (the terstial nuclei of the anterr hypothalam—INAH) postmortem tissue of three distct groups: (1) women; (2) men who were prumed to be heterosexual; (3) and homosexual men.

LeVay reported that clters of the nrons (INAH) homosexual men were the same size as clters women, both of which were signifintly smaller than clters heterosexual men. When each dividual was nsired by himself, there was not a signifint difference; only when the dividuals volved the study were nsired groups of homosexuals vs.

Though, on average, the size of the hypothalamic nucls LeVay nsired signifint was ed smaller the men he intified as homosexual, his published data show that the range of siz of the dividual sampl was virtually the same as for the heterosexual men. That is, the area was larger some of the homosexuals than many of the heterosexual men, and smaller some of the heterosexual men than many of the homosexuals.

SCIENTISTS QUASH IA OF SGLE 'GAY GENE'

Given that we know today that the bra exhibs plasticy, one mt ask if the act of livg a homosexual liftyle self might be rponsible for the difference LeVay noted?

The fact that aternal tws of gay men were roughly twice as likely to be gay as other blogil brothers shows that environmental factors are volved, sce aternal tws are no more siar blogilly than are other blogil brothers. While the thors terpreted their fdgs as evince for a geic basis for homosexualy, we thk that the data fact provi strong evince for the fluence of the environment (1993, p.

WHAT DO THE NEW ‘GAY GEN’ TELL ABOUT SEXUAL ORIENTATN?

Hamer and his lleagu llected fay history rmatn om 76 gay male dividuals and 40 gay brother pairs as they searched for cinc of homosexualy among relativ of gay men. Of the 40 pairs of homosexual brothers he analyzed, Hamer found that 33 exhibed a matchg DNA regn lled q28—a gene loted at the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome.

If this is “the gene” for homosexualy, then one mt assume all homosexual dividuals would posss that particular marker—and yet that was not the se Hamer’s study. ”] Ironilly, however, the removal of homosexualy as a signatn om the Diagnostic and Statistil Manual of Psychiatric Disorrs by the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn has kept many physicians om attemptg to provi reparative therapy to homosexuals.

Robert Spzer nducted a study on 200 self-selected dividuals (143 mal, 57 femal) an effort to see if participants uld change their sexual orientatn om homosexual to heterosexual (2003, 32:403-417). The majory of participants gave reports of change om a predomantly or exclively homosexual orientatn before therapy to a predomantly or exclively heterosexual orientatn the past year (p.

WHY ARE PEOPLE GAY? GAY BY CHOICE OR IS BEG GAY GEIC?

In summarizg his fdgs, Spzer clared: “Th, there is evince that change sexual orientatn followg some form of reparative therapy do occur some gay men and lbians.

Before treatment, 68 percent of the rponnts perceived themselv as exclively or almost entirely homosexual, wh another 22 percent statg that they were more homosexual than heterosexual. After treatment, only 13 percent perceived themselv as exclively or almost entirely homosexual, while 33 percent scribed themselv as eher exclively or almost entirely heterosexual (see Nilosi, 2000, 86:1071). Although 83 percent of rponnts dited that they entered therapy primarily bee of homosexualy, 99 percent of those who participated the survey said they now believe treatment to change homosexualy n be effective and valuable (p.

On the one hand, they are told that is “uhil” for a clician to provi reparative therapy bee homosexualy is not a diagnosable disorr, and th one should not seek to change. But even given the ser shortgs om behavral studi such as the, there are sufficient data to dite that an dividual n change his or her sexual orientatn om homosexual to heterosexual—somethg that would be an impossibily if homosexualy were ed by geics.

THE LIFE OF THE GAY GENE: OM HYPOTHETIL GEIC MARKER TO SOCIAL REALY

Consir the obv problem of survival for dividuals who allegedly posss a gay gene: dividuals who have partners of the same sex are blogilly unable to reproduce (whout rortg to artificial means).

THE 'GAY GENE' IS A TOTAL MYTH, MASSIVE STUDY CONCLUS

Dean Byrd, and Richard Potts (2000), “Retrospective Self-reports of Chang Homosexual Orientatn: A Consumer Survey of Conversn Therapy Clients, ” Psychologil Reports, 86:1071-1088, June. Rice, Gee, Carol Anrson, Neil Risch, and Gee Ebers (1999), “Male Homosexualy: Absence of Lkage to Microsatelle Markers at Xq28, ” Science, 284:665-667, April 23.

And bee the rearchers didn't fd gene variants that rrelated wh a gradient of sexual behavr, she says, unrcuts Aled Ksey's s-old sle, which ranked people on a spectm of sexualy, om exclively heterosexual to exclively homosexual. Muny there said they were worried the fdgs uld give ammunn to people who seek to e science to bolster bias and discrimatn agast gay ncern is that evince that gen fluence same-sex behavr uld e anti-gay activists to ll for gene edg or embryo selectn, even if that would be technilly impossible. Dpe s limatns, the rearch was much larger and more varied than prev studi, which generally foced on gay men, often those who were tws or were otherwise related.

GAY

“That right there is the big issue wh lookg for the geics of sexual orientatn — social ntext uld be a big part of the exprsn of the tra, ” said Jeremy Yor, an assistant profsor of blogy at California State Universy, Northridge, who is gay and follows geic rearch the field. He and others noted that olr participants me of age when homosexual behavr was crimalized Bra and that for much of their life homosexualy was classified as a psychiatric Reilly and others said such stark differenc between olr and younger participants show the tricks of tryg to draw reprentative blogil rmatn om a study populatn so strongly fluenced by society’s changg attus. Dean Hamer, a former Natnal Instut of Health scientist who led the first high-profile study intifyg a geic lk to beg gay 1993, said he was happy to see such a large rearch effort.

THE GAY GENE: NEW EVINCE SUPPORTS AN OLD HYPOTHIS

More about Pam BelluckA versn of this article appears prt on, Sectn A, Page 1 of the New York edn wh the headle: Rearch Fds Not One ‘Gay Gene, ’ but a Multu of Influenc. A vast new study has quashed the ia that a sgle “gay gene” exists, scientists say, stead fdg homosexual behavur is fluenced by a multu of geic variants which each have a ty rearchers pare the suatn to factors termg a person’s height, which multiple geic and environmental factors play rol. “The rults suggt we shouldn’t be measurg sexual preference on a sgle ntuum om straight to gay, but rather two separate dimensns: attractn to the same sex and attractn to the oppose sex.