Insi the disturbg md of a proment gay atheist at the World Enomic Fom - LifeSe

yuval harari gay

15 Dec 2024

Btsellg thor of 'Sapiens' par gay rights liberatn to the 19th century emancipatn of the Jews, which preced the Holot

INSI THE DISTURBG MD OF A PROMENT GAY ATHEIST AT THE WORLD ENOMIC FOM

Btsellg thor of ‘Sapiens’ par gay rights liberatn to the 19th century emancipatn of the Jews, which preced the Holot. JTA — Yuval Noah Harari, an fluential Israeli historian, warned that growg acceptance of homosexualy may spire persecutn an age where sexual orientatn is hard to hi.

In an op-ed published last week The Guardian, the thor of the btseller “Sapiens” pared gay liberatn to the 19th century emancipatn of the Jews, which preced the Holot.

“History rarely mov a straight le, ” wrote Harari, who is gay. Ined, vlent homophobic backlash are possible, even the most liberal untri.

Q&A ON BEG GAY

Harari prefaced his op-ed by acknowledgg the progrs ma sce 1969 toward tolerance of lbians, gays and transgenr persons.

The persecutn of gays was not a polil issue 50 years ago, he wrote.

This month marks the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall rts New York, which are creded wh sparkg the gay rights movement. (JTA) — Yuval Noah Harari, an fluential Israeli historian, warned that growg acceptance of homosexualy may spire persecutn an age where sexual orientatn is hard to hi.

BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM YUVAL HARARI GAY

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240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Portra of Harari." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK eRggVV grid grid-margs grid-ems-0 SplScreenContentHearGrid-kFpOdh fLkIyA"><div class="GridItem-buujkM kHPPIF grid--em"><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn SplScreenContentHearCaptn-iOfEOv ckLUKG"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">Harari, who is slim, soft-spoken, and relentls his search for an dience, f himself as both a historian and a philosopher.</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Photograph by Olaf Blecker for The New Yorker</span></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div 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story" class="ActnBarButton-dyFOZU cjjxgx bookmark mobile"><span class="ActnBarSendaryButtonPrimaryIn-isbvyN cAwccV bookmark-button-in"><svg class="in in-bookmark" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG Uozmo"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><figure data-ttid="IameEmbed" class="IameEmbedWrapper-sc-dRedg cjyRVU iame-embed"><div data-ttid="IameEmbedContaer" class="IameEmbedContaer-hptgUZ fXVBaX"><div class="IameEmbedAspectRatWrapper-hFVJps BKpgQ"><iame class="IameEmbedContent-cMdiev csnuAY IameEmbedContent lazyload" height="90" width="100%" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-orig allow-popups" tle="Embedd Frame" data-src=" allowfullscreen="" allow="toplay *; encrypted-media *; clipboard-wre; toplay; fullscreen; picture--picture"></iame></div></div></figure><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">In 2008, Yuval Noah Harari, a young historian at the Hebrew Universy of Jesalem, began to wre a book rived om an unrgraduate world-history class that he was teachg. Twenty lectur beme twenty chapters. Harari, who had prevly wrten about aspects of medieval and early-morn warfare—but whose tellectual appete, sce childhood, had been for all-enpassg acunts of the world—wrote pla, short sentenc that displayed no anxiety about the amic m of a study spanng hundreds of thoands of years. It was a history of everyone, ever. The book, published Hebrew as “A Brief History of Humankd,” beme an Israeli bt-seller; then, as “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Sapiens</a>,” beme an ternatnal one. Rears were offered the vertigo pleasure of acquirg apparent mastery of all human affairs—evolutn, agriculture, enomics—while watchg their personal narrativ, even their natnal narrativ, shrk to a pot of visibily. Print Barack Obama, <a href=">speakg to CNN</a> 2016, pared the book to a vis he’d ma to the pyramids of Giza.</p><p class="paywall">“Sapiens” has sold more than twelve ln pi. “Three important revolutns shaped the urse of history,” the book propos. “The Cognive Revolutn kick-started history about 70,000 years ago. The Agricultural Revolutn sped up about 12,000 years ago. The Scientific Revolutn, which got unr way only 500 years ago, may well end history and start somethg pletely different.” Harari’s acunt, though broadly chronologil, is built out of assured generalizatn and parison rather than nse historil tail. “Sapiens” feels like a study-gui summary of an immense, unwrten text—or, ls ngenially, like a ri on a tour b that never stops for a poke around the s. (“As Rome, so also ancient Cha: most generals and philosophers did not thk their duty to velop new weapons.”) Harari did not vent Big History, but he updated wh hts of self-help and futurology, as well as a high-altu, almost nihilistic posure about human sufferg. He attached the time ame of aeons to the time ame of pundry—of now, and soon. His narrative of flux, of revolutn after revolutn, end urgently, and perhaps nveniently, wh a cliffhanger. “Sapiens,” while acknowledgg that “history teach that what seems to be jt around the rner may never materialise,” suggts that our speci is on the verge of a radil resign. Thanks to advanc putg, cyb engeerg, and blogil engeerg, “we may be fast approachg a new sgulary, when all the ncepts that give meang to our world—me, you, men, women, love and hate—will bee irrelevant.”</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">Harari, who is slim, soft-spoken, and relentls his search for an dience, has spent the years sce the publitn of “Sapiens” nversatns about this cliffhanger. His two subsequent bt-sellers—“<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Homo Ds</a>” (2017) and “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">21 Lsons for the 21st Century</a>” (2018)—foc on the prent and the near future. Harari now f himself as both a historian and a philosopher. He dwells particularly on the possibily that bmetric monorg, upled wh advanced putg, will give rporatns and ernments accs to more plete data about people—about their sir and liabili—than people have about themselv. A life unr such scty, he said recently, is liable to bee “one long, strsg job terview.”</p><p class="paywall">If Harari weren’t always out public, one might mistake him for a recle. He is shyly oracular. He spends part of almost every appearance nyg that he is a gu. But, when speakg at nferenc where C.E.O.s meet public tellectuals, or visg <a href=">Mark Zuckerberg</a>’s Palo Alto hoe, or the Élysée Palace, Paris, he’ll put a long fger to his ch and quietly answer qutns about Neanrthals, self-drivg rs, and the seri fale of “Game of Thron.” Harari’s publishg and speakg terts now occupy a staff of twelve, who work out of a sunny office Tel Aviv, where an employee om Pe oks everyone vegan lunch. Here, one n learn tails of a schled graphic novel of “Sapiens”—a rtoon versn of Harari, wearg wire-amed glass and lookg a ltle balr than life, pops up here and there, across time and space. There are also plans for a “Sapiens” children’s book, and a multi-season “Sapiens”-spired TV drama, verg sixty thoand years, wh a script by the -wrer of Mel Gibson’s “<a href=">Apolypto</a>.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari seldom go to this office. He works at the home he shar wh Itzik Yahav, his hband, who is also his agent and manager. They live a village of expensive morn ho, half an hour land om Tel Aviv, at a spot where Israel’s astal pla is first terpted by hills. The lotn giv a view of half the untry and, hazily, the Mederranean beyond. Below the hoe are the s of the once mighty Canaane cy of Gezer; Harari and Yahav walk their dog there. Their swimmg pool is blob-shaped and, at night, l a vivid mve.</p><p class="paywall">At lunchtime one day September, Yahav drove me to the hoe om Tel Aviv, a Porsche S.U.V. wh a rabow-flag sticker on s wdshield. “Yuval’s unhappy wh my choice of r,” Yahav said, lghg. “He thks ’s unacceptable that a historian should have money.” While Yahav drove, he had a few nversatns wh lleagu, on speakerphone, about the ftgs for a new Harari headquarters, a btalist tower block above the Dizengoff Center mall. He said, “I n’t tell you how much I need a P.A.”—a personal assistant—“but I’m not an easy person.” Asked to nsir his hband’s current place world affairs, Yahav timated that Harari was “between Madonna and <a href=">Steven Pker</a>.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Harari and Yahav, both their mid-forti, grew up near each other, but unknown to each other, Kiryat Ata, an dtrial town outsi Haifa. (Yahav jokgly lled “the Israeli Chernobyl.”) Yahav’s background is ls solidly middle class than his hband’s. When the two men met, nearly twenty years ago, Harari had jt fished his graduate studi, and Yahav teased him: “You’ve <em>never</em> worked? You’ve never had to pick up a plate for your livg? I was a waer om age fifteen!” He thought of Harari as a “geni geek.” Yahav, who was then a producer nonprof theatre, is now known for makg bold, and sometim outlandish, mands on behalf of his hband. “Bee I have only one thor, I n go crazy,” he had told me. In the r, he noted that he had cled an vatn to have Harari participate the World Enomic Fom, at Davos, 2017, bee the proposed panels were “not good enough.” A year later, when Harari was offered the ma stage, a slot between <a href=">Angela Merkel</a> and <a href=">Emmanuel Macron</a>, Yahav accepted. His rellectns of such negotiatns are livered wh self-mockg charm and a low, nspiratorial lgh. He lik to say, “You don’t unrstand—Yuval works for <em>me!</em> ”</p><p class="paywall">We left the highway and drove to the village. He said of Harari, “When I meet my iends, he’s ually not ved, bee my iends are crazy and loud. It’s too much for him. He shuts down.” When planng receptns and dners for Harari, Yahav follows a firm le: “Not more than eight people.”</p><p class="paywall">For more than a , Harari has spent several weeks each year on a silent-medatn retreat, ually India. At home, he starts his day wh an hour of medatn; the summer, he also swims for half an hour while listeng to nonfictn dbooks aimed at the general rear. (Around the time of my vis, he was listeng to a history of the Cuban Revolutn, and to a study of the culture of software engeerg.) He swims the breaststroke, wearg a mask, a snorkel, and “bone nductn” headphon that prs agast his templ, bypassg the ears.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="ju3d"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="y4q7uo"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">When Yahav and I arrived at the hoe, Harari was workg at the kchen table, readg news stori om Ukrae, prted for him by an assistant. He had an upg speakg engagement Kyiv, at an oligarch-fund nference. He was also planng a vis to the Uned Arab Emirat, which required some licy—the untry has no diplomatic ti wh Israel.</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">The hoe was open and airy, and featured a piano. (Yahav plays.) Harari was wearg shorts and Velcro-fastened sandals, and, as Yahav fondly observed, his swimmg headphon had left imprts on his head. Harari explaed to me that the vice “beams sound to the skull.” Later, wh my enuragement, he put on his cybian getup, cludg the snorkel, and lghed as I took a photograph, sayg, “Jt don’t put that the paper, bee Itzik will kill both me and you.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">Unually for a public tellectual, Harari has drawn up a missn statement. It’s pned on a bullet board the Tel Aviv office, and begs, “Keep your ey on the ball. Foc on the ma global problems facg humany.” It also says, “Learn to distguish realy om illn,” and “Care about sufferg.” The statement ed to clu “Embrace ambiguy.” This was cut, acrdg to one of Harari’s lleagu, bee was too ambiguo.</p><p class="paywall">One recent afternoon, Naama Aval, the operatn’s C.E.O., and Naama Wartenburg, Harari’s chief marketg officer, were stg wh Yahav, wonrg if Harari would accept a hypothetil vatn to appear on a panel wh Print Donald Tmp.</p><p class="paywall">“I thk that whenever Yuval is ee to say exactly what he thks, then ’s O.K.,” Aval said.</p><p class="paywall">Yahav, surprised, said that he uld perhaps image a private meetg, “but to film —to film Yuval wh Tmp?”</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="A knight slays a dragon outsi a prcs's wdow." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE gdZTpI ptn RponsiveCartoonCaptn-dokfdF hJgaLQ rponsive-rtoon__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo bsWloa ptn__text">“I was hopg you’d nsir this a prelu to a kiss.”</span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn RponsiveCartoonCred-bKlQqO faLAFb 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19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">“You’d have a ptive dience,” Wartenburg said.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-2 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Aval agreed, notg, “There’s a polician, but then there are his supporters—and you’re talkg about tens of lns of people.”</p><p class="paywall">“A panel wh <em>Tmp</em>?” Yahav asked. He later said that he had never accepted any speakg vatns om Israeli settlers the Wt Bank, addg that Harari, although not a supporter of settlements, might have been cled to say y.</p><p class="paywall">Harari has acquired a large dience a short time, and—like the Silin Valley lears who admire his work—he n seem uncerta about what to do wh his fluence. Last summer, he was cricized when rears noticed that the Rsian translatn of “21 Lsons for the 21st Century” had been eded to make more palatable to Vladimir Put’s ernment. Harari had approved some of the eds, and had replaced a discsn of Rsian misrmatn about s 2014 annexatn of Crimea wh a passage about false statements ma by Print Tmp.</p><p class="paywall">Harari’s office is still largely a boutique agency servg the wrg and speakg terts of one client. But, last fall, began to brand part of s work unr the headg of “Sapienship.” The office remas a for-prof enterprise, but has taken on some of the ambns and attribut of a thk tank, or the foundatn of a high-md dtrialist. Sapienship’s activi are driven by what Harari’s lleagu ll his “visn.” Aval explaed that some projects she was workg on, such as “Sapiens”-related school workshops, didn’t rely on “everyday ntact wh Yuval.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari’s visn tak the form of a list. “That’s somethg I have om stunts,” he told me. “They like short lists.” His proposn, often repeated, is that humany fac three primary threats: nuclear war, elogil llapse, and technologil disptn. Other issu that policians monly talk about—terrorism, migratn, equaly, poverty—are lser worri, if not distractns. In part bee there’s ltle disagreement, at least a Harari dience, about the serns of the nuclear and climate threats, and about how to rpond to them, Harari highlights the technologil one. Last September, while appearg onstage wh Rven Rivl, Israel’s Print, at an “fluencers’ summ” Tel Aviv, Harari said, Hebrew, “Thk about a suatn where somebody Beijg or San Francis knows what every cizen Israel is dog at every moment—all the most timate tails about every mayor, member of the Knset, and officer the Army, om the age of zero.” He add, “Those who will ntrol the world the twenty-first century are those who will ntrol data.”</p><p class="paywall">He also said that <em>Homo sapiens</em> would likely disappear, a tech-driven upgra. Harari often disput the notn that he mak propheci or predictns—ed, he has claimed to do “the oppose”—but a predictn acknowledgg uncertaty is still a predictn. Talkg to Rivl, Harari said, “In two hundred years, I n pretty much assure you that there will not be any more Israelis, and no <em>Homo sapiens</em>—there will be somethg else.”</p><p class="paywall">“What a world,” Rivl said. The event end a hug.</p><p class="paywall">Afterward, Harari said of Rivl, “He took my msage to be kd of psimistic.” Although the two men had largely spoken past each other, they were some ways aligned. An Israeli Print is a natnal figurehead, standg above the polil ay. Harari claims a siar space. He speaks of loomg mayhem but mak no proposals beyond urgg ternatnal öperatn, and “foc.” A parody of Harari’s wrg, the Brish magaze <em>Private Eye</em>, clud streams of qutns: “What do the rise of Donald Tmp signify? If you are a fallg lift, will do any good to jump up and down like crazy? Why is liberal mocracy crisis? What is the state pal of Wyomg?”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-3 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">This tentativens at first seems odd. Harari has the ear of cisn-makers; he travels the world to show them <a href=">PowerPot slis</a> pictg mountas of trash and unemployed hors. But, like a fiery street preacher unable to remend one fah over another, he nclus wh a policy shg. Harari emphasiz that the public should prs policians to rpond to tech threats, but when I asked what that rponse should be he said, “I don’t know what the answer is. I don’t thk will e om me. Even if I took three years off, and jt immersed myself some ve of books and medatn, I don’t thk I would emerge wh the answer.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari’s reluctance to support particular polil actns n be unrstood, part, as stctual nservatism and brand protectn. Acrdg to “Sapiens,” progrs is basilly an illn; the Agricultural Revolutn was “history’s biggt d,” and liberal humanism is a relign no more found on realy than any other. Harari wr, “The Sapiens regime on earth has so far produced ltle that we n be proud of.” In such a ntext, any specific policy ia is likely to seem paltry, and certaly too quotidian for a keynote speech. A policy might also turn out to be a mistake. “We are very reful, the entire team, about endorsg anythg, any petn,” Harari told me.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="0sk44w"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">Harari has given talks at Google and Instagram. Last sprg, on a vis to California, he had dner wh, among others, <a href=">Jack Dorsey</a>, Twter’s -founr and C.E.O., and Chris Cox, the former chief product officer at Facebook. It’s not hard to unrstand Harari’s appeal to Silin Valley executiv, who would prefer to st a furrowed gaze toward the distant future than to rewre their privacy polici or their algorhms. (Zuckerberg rarely rponds to qutns about the malign fluence of Facebook whout speakg of his “foc” on this or that.) Harari said of tech entreprenrs, “I don’t try tentnally to be a threat to them. I thk that much of what they’re dog is also good. I thk there are many thgs to be said for workg wh them as long as ’s possible, stead of viewg them as the enemy.” Harari believ that some of the social ills ed by a pany like Facebook should be unrstood as bugs—“and, as good engeers, they are tryg to fix the bugs.” Earlier, Itzik Yahav had said that he felt no unease about “visg Mark Zuckerberg at his home, wh Priscilla, and Beast, the dog,” addg, “I don’t thk Mark is an evil person. And Yuval is brgg qutns.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari’s policy agnosticism is also nnected to his foc on foc self. The aspect of a technologil dystopia that most preoccupi him—losg mental tonomy to A.I.—n be at least partly untered, his view, by cizens cultivatg greater mdfulns. He llects exampl of A.I. threats. He refers, for stance, to recent rearch suggtg that ’s possible to measure people’s blood prsure by procsg vio of their fac. A ernment that n see your blood boilg durg a lear’s speech n intify you as a dissint. Siarly, Harari has observed that, had sophistited artificial telligence existed when he was younger, might have regnized his homosexualy long before he was ready to acknowledge . Such data-driven judgments don’t need to be perfectly accurate to outperform humans. Harari argu that, though there’s no sure prophylactic agast such future tsns, people who are alert to the workgs of their mds will be better able to protect themselv. Harari recently told a Ukraian reporter, “Freedom pends to a large extent on how much you know yourself, and you need to know yourself better than, say, the ernment or the rporatns that try to manipulate you.” In this ntext, to thk clearly—to snorkel the pool, back and forth—is a form of social actn.</p><p class="paywall">Naama Aval, the Tel Aviv office, told me that, on social media, fans of Harari’s books tend to be “largely male, twenty-five to thirty-five.” <a href=">Bill Gat</a> is a Harari enthiast, but the more typil rear may be a young person grateful for permissn to pay more attentn to his or her needs than to the needs of others. (Not long ago, one of Harari’s YouTube admirers mented, “Your books changed my life, Yuval. Jt as vtg Tla did.”)</p><p class="paywall">Harari don’t dismiss more active forms of polil engagement, particularly the realm of L.G.B.T.Q. rights, but his wrg unrsr the importance of equanimy. In a sectn of “Sapiens” tled “Know Thyself,” Harari scrib how the sereny achieved through medatn n be “so profound that those who spend their liv the enzied pursu of pleasant feelgs n hardly image .” “21 Lsons” clus extend mentary on the life of the Buddha, who “tght that the three basic reali of the universe are that everythg is nstantly changg, nothg has any endurg sence, and nothg is pletely satisfyg.” Harari ntu, “You n explore the furtht reach of the galaxy, of your body, or of your md, but you will never enunter somethg that do not change, that has an eternal sence, and that pletely satisfi you. . . . ‘What should I do?’ ask people, and the Buddha advis, ‘Do nothg. Absolutely nothg.’ ”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">Harari didn’t learn the rult of the 2016 U.S. Printial electn until five weeks after the vote. He was on a retreat, England. In Vipassana medatn, the form that Harari practic, a retreat lasts at least ten days. He sometim do ten-day retreats Israel, the role of a teachg assistant. Once a year, he go away for a month or longer. Participants at a Vipassana center may talk to one another as they arrive—while givg up their phon and books—but thereafter they’re expected to be silent, even while eatg wh others.</p><p class="paywall">I discsed medatn wh Harari one day at a rtrant a Tel Aviv hotel. (A young doorman regnized him and thanked him for his wrg.) We were joed by Itzik Yahav and the mothers of both men. Jeate Yahav, an acuntant, has sometim worked the Tel Aviv office. So, too, has Pna Harari, a former office admistrator; she has had the task of rpondg to the e-mail pourg to Harari’s Web se: poems, piec of mic, arguments for the existence of God.</p><p class="paywall">Harari said of the India retreats, which take place northeast of Mumbai, “Most of the day you’re your own cell, the size of this table.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-4 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">“Unbelievable,” Pna Harari said.</p><p class="paywall">Durg her son’s absenc, she and Yahav stay touch. “We speak, we nsole each other,” she said. She also starts a journal: “It’s like a letter to Yuval. And the last day of the medatn I send to him.” Once back Mumbai, he n open an e-mail ntag two months of his mother’s news.</p><p class="paywall">Before Itzik Yahav met Harari, through a datg se, he had some experience of Vipassana, and for years they practiced together. Yahav has now stopped. “I uldn’t keep up,” he told me. “And you’re not allowed to drk. I want to drk wh iends, a glass of we.” I later spoke to Yoram Yovell, a iend of Harari’s, who is a well-known Israeli nroscientist and TV host. A few years ago, Yovell signed up for a ten-day retreat India. He relled tellg himself, “This is the first time ten years that you’re havg a ten-day vatn, and you’re spendg stg on your th, on this ltle mat, halg and exhalg. And outsi is <em>India!</em> ” He lasted twenty-four hours. (In 2018, two years after thori Myanmar began a mpaign of ethnic cleansg agast Rohgya Mlims, Jack Dorsey pleted a ten-day Vipassana retreat that untry, and fend his vis by sayg, “This was a purely personal trip for me foced on only one dimensn: medatn.”)</p><p class="paywall">At lunch, Pna Harari relled the moment when Yuval’s two olr sisters reported to her that Yuval had tght himself to read: “He was three, not more than four.”</p><p class="paywall">Yuval sed. “I thk more like four, five.”</p><p class="paywall">She scribed the time he wrote a school say, then rewrote to make ls sophistited. He told her that nobody would have unrstood the first draft.</p><p class="paywall">From the age of eight, Harari attend a school for bright stunts, two b ris away om his fay’s hoe Kiryat Ata. Yuval’s father, who died 2010, was born on a kibbutz, and mataed a life-long skepticism about socialism; his work, as a state-employed armaments engeer, was classified. By the standards of the town, the Harari hoehold was bourgeois and bookish.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="sok4m"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="q272rk"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">The young Yuval had a taste for grand signs. He has said, “I promised myself that when I grew up I would not get bogged down the mundane troubl of daily life, but would do my bt to unrstand the big picture.” In the back yard, he spent months diggg a very ep hole; was never filled , and sometim beme a pond. He built, out of wood blocks and Formi til, a huge map of Europe, on which he played war gam of his own ventn. Harari told me that durg his adolcence, agast the backdrop of the first tifada, he went through a perd when he was “a kd of stereotypil right-wg natnalist.” He relled his md-set: “Israel as a natn is the most important thg the world. And, obvly, we are right about everythg. And the whole world don’t unrstand and hat . So we have to be strong and fend ourselv.” He lghed. “You know—the ual stuff.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-5 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">He ferred his pulsory ary service, through a program for high-achievg stunts. (The service was never pleted, bee of an undisclosed health problem. “It wasn’t somethg tastrophic,” he said. “I’m still here.”) When he began llege, at Hebrew Universy, he was younger than his peers, and he had not shared the experience of three years of activy often volvg groups larger than eight. By then, Harari’s natnalist fire had dimmed. In s place, he had attempted to will himself to relig nvictn—and an observant Jewish life. “I was very keen to believe,” he said. He supposed, wrongly, that “if I read enough, or thk about enough, or talk to the right people, then somethg will click.”</p><p class="paywall">In Chapter 2 of “Sapiens,” Harari scrib how, about seventy thoand years ago, <em>Homo sapiens</em> began to velop nuanced language, and thereby began to domate other <em>Homo</em> speci, and the world. Harari’s discsn reflects standard scholarly arguments, but he adds this gloss: durg what he lls the Cognive Revolutn, <em>Homo sapiens</em> beme uniquely able to munite untths. “As far as we know, only Sapiens n talk about entire kds of enti that they have never seen, touched or smelled,” he wr, referrg to myths and gods. “Many animals and human speci uld prevly say ‘Careful! A ln!’ Thanks to the Cognive Revolutn, <em>Homo sapiens</em> acquired the abily to say, ‘The ln is the guardian spir of our tribe.’ ” This mental leap enabled öperatn among strangers: “Two Catholics who have never met n neverthels go together on csa or pool funds to build a hospal bee they both believe that God was rnated human flh and allowed Himself to be ccified to reem our ss.”</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="A dog owner and her iend look at her dog which is wailg spair." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE gdZTpI ptn RponsiveCartoonCaptn-dokfdF hJgaLQ rponsive-rtoon__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo bsWloa ptn__text">“He’s always been a ltle needy, but the spair is new.”</span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn RponsiveCartoonCred-bKlQqO faLAFb rponsive-rtoon__cred"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT bmQtfn ptn__cred">Cartoon by Zoe Si</span></div><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTA-eiqqMB iDCQRs"><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTAWrapper-CYIqa iTbFtf"><div class="RponsiveCartoonLkButtonWrapper-hqDAJK 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3H2V4H4.23828L6.99617 15.2631C7.11483 15.6982 7.50998 16 7.96094 16H18.0365C18.4875 16 18.8826 15.6982 19.0013 15.2631L20.9648 7.26312C21.1383 6.62698 20.6594 6 20 6H10V7H20L18.0365 15H7.96094L5.03652 3H4.58055H4ZM10.0365 19C10.0365 19.5523 9.58881 20 9.03652 20C8.48424 20 8.03652 19.5523 8.03652 19C8.03652 18.4477 8.48424 18 9.03652 18C9.58881 18 10.0365 18.4477 10.0365 19ZM11.0365 19C11.0365 20.1046 10.1411 21 9.03652 21C7.93195 21 7.03652 20.1046 7.03652 19C7.03652 17.8954 7.93195 17 9.03652 17C10.1411 17 11.0365 17.8954 11.0365 19ZM18.0365 19C18.0365 19.5523 17.5888 20 17.0365 20C16.4842 20 16.0365 19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">In the schema of “Sapiens,” money is a “fictn,” as are rporatns and natns. Harari “fictn” where another might say “social nstct.” (He explaed to me, “I would almost always go for the day-to-day word, even if the nuance of the profsnal word is a b more accurate.”) Harari further propos that fictns require <em>believers</em>, and exert power only as long as a “munal belief” them persists. Every social nstct, then, is a kd of relign: a claratn of universal human rights is not a manifto, or a program, but the exprsn of a benign ln; an activy like g money, or obeyg a stoplight, is a llective fantasy, not a rual. When I asked him if he really meant this, he lghed, and said, “It’s like the weak force physics—which is weak, but still strong enough to hold the entire universe together!” (In fact, the weak force is rponsible for the distegratn of subatomic particl.) “It’s the same wh the fictns—they are strong enough to hold lns of people together.”</p><p class="paywall">In his reprentatn of how people functn society, Harari sometim seems to be extrapolatg om his personal history—om his eagerns to believe somethg. When I lled him a “seeker,” he gave amed, half-gdgg assent.</p><p class="paywall">As an unrgraduate, Harari wrote a paper, for a medieval-history class, that was later published, precly, a peer-reviewed journal. “<a href=">The Milary Role of the Frankish Turpol: A Reasssment</a>” challenged the prevly held assumptn that, csar armi, most valrymen were heavily armored. Harari proposed, an argument rived om reful readg of sourc across several centuri, that many were light valrymen. Benjam Kedar, who tght the class, told me that the paper “was absolutely origal, and really a breakthrough.” It seems to be generally agreed that, had Harari stuck solely to ary history of this era, he would have bee a signifint figure the field. Idan Sherer, a former stunt and rearch assistant of Harari’s who now teach at Ben Gurn Universy, said, “I don’t thk <em>the</em> proment scholar, but fely one of them.”</p><p class="paywall">In amic prose, pecially philosophy, Harari seems to have found somethg analogo to what he had sought natn and fah. “I had rpect for, and belief , very nse wrg,” he relled. “One of the first thgs I did when I me out, to myself, as gay—I went to the universy library and took out all the books about queer theory, which were some of the nst thgs I’ve ever read.” He jokgly add, “It almost nverted me back. It was ‘O.K., now you’re gay, so you need to be <em>very ser</em> about .’ ”</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="l9m61w"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">In 1998, he began workg toward a doctorate history, at the Universy of Oxford. “He was opprsed by the grayns,” Harari’s mother relled, at lunch. Harari agreed: “It wasn’t the greatt time of my life. It was a culture shock, was a climate shock. I jt uldn’t grasp uld be weeks and weeks and you never see the sun.” He later add, “It was a personal impasse. I’d hoped that, by studyg and rearchg, I would unrstand not only the world but my life.” He went on, “All the books I’d been readg and all the philosophil discsns—not only did they not provi an answer, seemed extremely unlikely that any answer would ever e out of this.” He told himself, “There is somethg fundamentally wrong the way that I’m approachg this whole thg.”</p><p class="paywall">One reason he chose to study outsi Israel was to “start life anew,” as a gay man. On weekends, he went to London night clubs. (“I thk I tried Ecstasy a few tim,” he said.) And he ma dat onle. He set himself the target of havg sex wh at least one new partner a week, “to make up for lost time, and also unrstand how works—bee I was very shy.” He lghed. “Very strong disciple!” He treated each enunter as a cred a ledger, “so if one week I had two, and then the next week there was none, I’m O.K.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-6 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">The rellectns nta no regret, but, Harari said, “g out was a kd of false enlightenment.” He explaed, “I’d had this feelg—<em>this is </em>. There was one big piece of the puzzle that I was missg, and this is why my life was pletely fucked up.” Instead, he felt “even more miserable.”</p><p class="paywall">On a datg se, Harari met Ron Merom, an Israeli software engeer. As Merom recently relled, they began an tense e-mail rrponnce “about the meang of life, and all that.” They beme iends. (In 2015, when “Sapiens” was first published English, Merom was workg for Google California, and helped arrange for Harari to give an “Authors at Google” talk, which was posted onle—an important early moment of exposure.) Merom, who now works at Facebook, has fotten the tails of their youthful exchang, but n rell their flavor: Harari’s personal philosophy at the time was plex and dark, “even a b vlent or aggrsive”—and this clud his discsn of sexual relatnships. As Merom put , “It was ‘I need to nquer the world—eher you w or you lose.’ ”</p><p class="paywall">Merom had jt begun gog on medatn retreats. He told Harari, “It sounds like you’re lookg for somethg, and Vipassana might be .” In 2000, when Harari was midway through his this—a study of how Renaissance ary memoirists scribed their experienc of war—he took a b to a medatn center the Wt of England.</p><p class="paywall">Ten days later, Harari wrote to Amir Fk, a iend Israel. Fk, who now works as an environmentalist, told me that Harari had quoted, giddily, the theme song of a “Pocch” TV show once beloved Israel: “Good morng, world! I’m now eed om my strgs. I’m a real boy.”</p><p class="paywall">At the retreat, Harari was told that he should do nothg but notice his breath, and out, and notice whenever his md wanred. This, Harari has wrten, “was the most important thg anybody had ever told me.”</p><p class="paywall">Steven Gunn, an Oxford historian and Harari’s doctoral adviser, recently relled the moment: “I sort of did my bt supervisorial thg. ‘Are you <em>sure</em> you’re not gettg mixed up a cult?’ So far as I uld tell, he wasn’t beg drawn to anythg he didn’t want to be drawn to.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">On a drive wh Yahav and Harari om their home to Jesalem, I asked if was fair to thk of “Sapiens” as an attempt to transm Buddhist prcipl, not jt through s referenc to medatn—and to the possibily of fdg sereny self-knowledge—but through s narrative shape. The story of “Sapiens” echo the Buddha’s “basic reali”: nstant change; no endurg sence; the evabily of sufferg.</p><p class="paywall">“Y, to some extent,” Harari said. “It’s fely not a nsc project. It’s not ‘O.K.! Now I believe the three prcipl, and now I need to nvce the world, but I n’t state directly, bee this would be a missnary thg.’ ” Rather, he said, the experience of medatn “imbu your entire thkg.”</p><p class="paywall">He add, “I fely don’t thk that the solutn to all the world’s problems is to nvert everybody to Buddhism, or to have everybody medatg. I medate, I know how difficult is. There’s no chance you n get eight billn people to medate, and, even if they try, many s uld backfire a terrible way. It’s very easy to bee self-absorbed, to bee megalomanial.” He referred to Ash Wirathu, an ultranatnalist Buddhist monk Myanmar, who has ced vlence agast Rohgya Mlims.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-7 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">In “Sapiens,” Harari went on, part of the task had been “to show how everythg is impermanent, and what we thk of as eternal social stctur—even fay, money, relign, natns—everythg is changg, nothg is eternal, everythg me out of some historil procs.” The were Buddhist thoughts, he said, but they were easy enough to accs whout Buddhism. “Maybe <em>blogy</em> is permanent, but society nothg is permanent,” he said. “There’s no sence, no sence to any natn. You don’t need to medate for two hours a day to realize that.”</p><p class="paywall">We drove to Hebrew Universy, which is atop Mt. Sp. We walked to the humani buildg, and, through an emergency ex, onto a rooftop. There was a panoramic view of the Old Cy and the Temple Mount. Harari relled his return to the universy, om Oxford, 2001, durg the send tifada. The universy is surround by Arab neighborhoods that he’s never vised. In the r, he had been talkg about current ndns Israel; recent years, he had said, “many, if not most, Israelis simply lost the motivatn to solve the nflict, pecially bee Israel has managed to ntrol so efficiently.” Harari told me that, as a historian, he had to dispute the assumptn that an occupatn n’t last “for s, for centuri”— n, and new surveillance technologi n enable opprsn “wh almost no killg.” Harari saw no alternative other than “to wa for history to work s magic—a war, a tastrophe.” Wh a dry lgh, he said, “Israel, Hezbollah, Hamas, Iran—a uple of thoand people die, <em>somethg</em>. This n break the mental adlock.”</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="d3bl2"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="5smii"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">Harari relled a moment, 2015, when he and Yahav had accintally vlated the eight-person le. They had gone to a dner that Prime Mister <a href=">Benjam Netanyahu</a> was expected to attend. Netanyahu was known to have read “Sapiens.” “We were told would be very timate,” Harari said. There were forty guts. Harari shared a few pleasantri wh Netanyahu, but they had “no real exchange at all.”</p><p class="paywall">Yahav terjected to suggt that, bee of “Sapiens,” Netanyahu “started dog Meatls Monday.” Harari, who, like Yahav, largely avoids eatg animal products, wr “Sapiens” that “morn dtrial agriculture might well be the greatt crime history.” When Netanyahu announced a mment “to fight celty toward animals,” iends enuraged Harari to take a ltle cred.</p><p class="paywall">“People told me this was my greatt achievement,” Harari said. “I managed to nvce Netanyahu of somethg! It didn’t matter what.” This asssment giv some ditn of Harari’s lol polics, but Yoram Yovell, his TV-prenter iend, said that he had tried and failed to persua Harari to speak agast Netanyahu publicly. Yovell said that Harari, although “vehemently agast Netanyahu,” seemed to rist “jumpg to the sence of life—the blood and guts of life,” addg, “I actually am disappoted wh .” Harari, who has cled vatns to wre a regular lumn the Israeli prs, told me, “I uld start makg speech, and wrg, ‘Vote for this party,’ and maybe, one time, I n nvce a uple of thoand people to change their vote. But then I will kd of expend my entire cred on this. I’ll be intified wh one party, one mp.” He did acknowledge that he was disuraged by the choice prented by <a href=">the September general electn</a>, which was then imment: “It’s eher a right-wg ernment or an extreme-right-wg ernment. There is no other ser optn.”</p><p class="paywall">At Hebrew Universy, his role is somewhat rarefied: he has negotiated his way to havg no faculty rponsibili beyond teachg; he currently advis no Ph.D. stunts. (He said of his profsnal life, “I wre the books and give talks. Itzik is dog basilly everythg else.”) Harari teach one semter a year, ftg three class to one day a week. His recent urs clu a history of relatns between humans and animals—the subject of a future Harari book, perhaps—and another lled History for the Mass, on wrg for a general rear. Durg our vis to the universy, he took me to an empty lecture hall wh steeply raked seatg. “This is where ‘Sapiens’ origated,” he said. He noted, wh mock afont, that the room attracts stray ts: “They e to class, and they grab all the attentn. ‘A t! Oh!’ ”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">“It’s hard to keep a good iendship when someone’s fancial stat chang,” Amir Fk told me. Fk and his hband, a milogist, have known Harari sce llege. “We have tried to keep his succs out of . As two upl, we meet a lot, we take vatns abroad together.” (Neher uple has children.) Fk went on, “We love to e to their place for the weekend.” They play board gam, such as Settlers of Catan, and “whist—Israeli Army whist.”</p><p class="paywall">Fk spoke of the sle of the operatn built by Harari and Yahav. “I hope ’s staable,” he said. Wh “Sapiens,” he went on, Harari had wrten “a book that summariz the world.” The books that followed were bound to be “more specific, and more polil.” That is, they drew Harari away om his natural tellectual terrory. “Homo Ds” rived directly om Harari’s teachg, but “21 Lsons,” Fk said, “is basilly a llectn of articl and rpons to the prent day.” He add, “It’s very hard for Yuval to keep himself as a teacher,” notg, “He be, I gus, what the French would ll a <em>philosophe</em>.”</p><p class="paywall">While Harari was at Oxford, he read Jared Diamond’s 1997 book, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Guns, Germs, and Steel</a>,” and was dazzled by s reach, across time and place. “It was a plete life-changer,” Harari said. “You uld actually <em>wre</em> such books!” Steven Gunn, Harari’s Oxford adviser, told me that, as Harari worked on his this, he had to be disuraged om takg too broad a historil view: “I have memori of numero revisn meetgs where I’d say, ‘Well, all this stuff about people flyg helipters Vietnam is very tertg, and I n see why you need to read , and thk about , to wre about why people wrote the way they did about battl Italy the sixteenth century, but, actually, the this has to be nearly all about battl Italy the sixteenth century.’ ”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-8 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">After Harari received his doctorate, he returned to Jesalem wh the ia of wrg a history of the gay experience Israel. He met wh Benjam Kedar. Kedar recently said, “I gave him a hard look—‘Yuval, do <em>after</em> you get tenure.’ ”</p><p class="paywall">Harari, takg this advice, stuck wh his specialty. But his ntued tert parative history was evint the 2007 book “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Special Operatns the Age of Chivalry, 1100-1550</a>,” whose anachronistic amg provoked some amic reviewers. And the followg year, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">The Ultimate Experience: Battlefield Revelatns and the Makg of Morn War Culture, 1450-2000</a>,” Harari was at last able to clu an extend discsn of Vietnam War memoirs.</p><p class="paywall">In 2003, Hebrew Universy iated an unrgraduate urse, An Introductn to the History of the World. Such class had begun appearg a few history partments the prev ; tradnal historians, Kedar said, were often disapprovg, and still are: “They say, ‘You teach the French Revolutn, and if somebody looks out of the wdow they miss the revolutn’—all those jok.” Gunn said that “Oxford mak sure people study a wi range of history, but do by makg sure that people study a wi range of different tailed thgs, rather than one urse that go right across everythg.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari agreed to teach the world-history urse, as well as one on war the Middle Ag. He had always hated speakg to people he didn’t know. He told me that, as a younger man, “if I had to ll the municipaly to arrange some burecratic stuff, I would s for like ten mut by the telephone, jt brgg up the urage.” (One n image his bliss the dg hall at a medatn retreat—the sound of a hundred people not startg a nversatn.) Even today, Harari is an unassumg lecturer: nferenc sometim give him a prizefighter’s troductn, wh lights and mic, at the end of which he warily to the podium, says, “Hello, everyone,” and sets up his laptop. Yahav scribed watchg Harari recently eeze ont of an dience of thoands Beijg. “I was, ‘Start <em>movg!</em> ’ ”</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="A woman sardonilly remds her exhband of who she is and their entire sordid relatnship history after he lled..." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE gdZTpI ptn RponsiveCartoonCaptn-dokfdF hJgaLQ rponsive-rtoon__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo bsWloa ptn__text">“Pl? San! From the gym? I showed you how to e the elliptil? We went for ffee? One thg led to another? We started datg? Then we got married? We had two kids? But we got divorced? I got ctody? You see them on the weekends? But you want them for Christmas? I said no way? You lled me last night tears? San!”</span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn RponsiveCartoonCred-bKlQqO faLAFb rponsive-rtoon__cred"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT bmQtfn ptn__cred">Cartoon by Will McPhail</span></div><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTA-eiqqMB iDCQRs"><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTAWrapper-CYIqa iTbFtf"><div class="RponsiveCartoonLkButtonWrapper-hqDAJK eSEhbj"><button aria-label="Copy lk to rtoon" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Copy lk to rtoon</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-pylk" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Copy lk to rtoon</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178637)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M16.3488 10.5017C16.2107 10.7357 16.2926 11.035 16.5318 11.17C16.7709 11.3052 17.0767 11.225 17.2148 10.991L18.4648 8.87225C19.5694 7.00002 18.9139 4.60601 17.0007 3.52508C15.0875 2.44415 12.6412 3.08562 11.5366 4.95785L9.53657 8.34782C8.432 10.22 9.08751 12.6141 11.0007 13.6949C11.1888 13.8012 11.382 13.8908 11.5785 13.9642C11.7819 14.0403 12.0058 13.9485 12.1147 13.764C12.2794 13.4849 12.1103 13.1276 11.8083 12.9992C11.7041 12.9549 11.6014 12.9044 11.5007 12.8475C10.0658 12.0368 9.57417 10.2413 10.4026 8.83712L12.4026 5.44715C13.2311 4.04298 15.0658 3.56187 16.5007 4.37257C17.9356 5.18327 18.4272 6.97878 17.5988 8.38295L16.3488 10.5017ZM7.6526 13.4983C7.79067 13.2643 7.70873 12.965 7.46959 12.8299C7.23044 12.6948 6.92464 12.775 6.78657 13.009L5.53657 15.1278C4.432 17 5.0875 19.394 7.00068 20.475C8.91385 21.5558 11.3602 20.9144 12.4648 19.0422L14.4648 15.6521C15.5694 13.78 14.9139 11.3859 13.0007 10.305C12.8127 10.1988 12.6195 10.1091 12.4229 10.0357C12.2195 9.95975 11.9956 10.0515 11.8867 10.236C11.7221 10.5151 11.8911 10.8724 12.1932 11.0008C12.2973 11.0451 12.4 11.0956 12.5007 11.1525C13.9356 11.9632 14.4272 13.7587 13.5988 15.1628L11.5988 18.5529C10.7704 19.957 8.93555 20.4382 7.50068 19.6274C6.0658 18.8167 5.57417 17.0212 6.4026 15.6171L7.6526 13.4983Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button><div class="AlertWrapper-gvFATk MdjE RponsiveCartoonLkAlertPopup-BPAXn kdMXRM shoppg-alert" role="dialog"><div aria-hidn="te" role="prentatn" class="AlertArrow-daOgye AlLda alert-arrow"></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ AlertMsage-jgAjgo bVCFRm ifgabc iOlxjf alert-msage"><p aria-hidn="te">Lk pied</p></div></div></div><button aria-label="Shop" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Shop</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-rt" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Shop</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178638)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M4 3H2V4H4.23828L6.99617 15.2631C7.11483 15.6982 7.50998 16 7.96094 16H18.0365C18.4875 16 18.8826 15.6982 19.0013 15.2631L20.9648 7.26312C21.1383 6.62698 20.6594 6 20 6H10V7H20L18.0365 15H7.96094L5.03652 3H4.58055H4ZM10.0365 19C10.0365 19.5523 9.58881 20 9.03652 20C8.48424 20 8.03652 19.5523 8.03652 19C8.03652 18.4477 8.48424 18 9.03652 18C9.58881 18 10.0365 18.4477 10.0365 19ZM11.0365 19C11.0365 20.1046 10.1411 21 9.03652 21C7.93195 21 7.03652 20.1046 7.03652 19C7.03652 17.8954 7.93195 17 9.03652 17C10.1411 17 11.0365 17.8954 11.0365 19ZM18.0365 19C18.0365 19.5523 17.5888 20 17.0365 20C16.4842 20 16.0365 19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">As an unfortable young profsor, Harari tend to wre out his world-history lectur as a script. At one pot, as part of an effort to enurage his stunts to listen to his words, rather than transcribe them, he began handg out pi of his not. “They started circulatg, even among stunts who were not my class,” Harari relled. “That’s when I thought, Ah, maybe there’s a book .” He imaged that a few stunts at other universi would buy the book, and perhaps “a uple of history buffs.”</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="nmwt5i"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">This orig explas some of the quali that distguish “Sapiens.” Unlike many other nonfictn blockbters, isn’t full of tchy neologisms or cematic scene-settg; s impact riv om a steady management of ias, prose that has the unhedged thory—and sometim the elegance—of a profsor who knows how to make one or two thgs stick. (“An empire is a polil orr wh two important characteristics . . .”) “Guns, Germs, and Steel” begs wh a nversatn between Jared Diamond and a Papua New Guean polician; “Sapiens,” Harari do not figure the narrative. He told me, “Maybe is some legacy of my study of memoirs and tobgraphi. I know how dangero is to make personal experience your ma basis for thory.”</p><p class="paywall">It still astonish Harari that rears beme so exced about the early pag of “Sapiens,” which scribe the existence of var <em>Homo</em> speci. “I thought, This is so banal!” he told me. “There is absolutely nothg there that is new. I’m not an archeologist. I’m not a primatologist. I mean, I did <em>zero</em> new rearch. . . . It was really readg the kd of mon knowledge and jt prentg a new way.”</p><p class="paywall">The Israeli edn, “A Brief History of Humankd,” was published June, 2011. Yoram Yovell relled that “Yuval beme beloved very quickly,” and was soon a regular gut on Israeli televisn. “It was betiful to see the way he handled ,” Yovell add. “He’s tellectually self-nfint but tly most.” The book ially failed to attract foreign publishers. Harari and Yahav marketed a prt-on-mand English-language edn, on Amazon; this was Harari’s own translatn, and clud his Gmail addrs on the tle page, and illtratns by Yahav. It sold fewer than two thoand pi. In 2013, Yahav persuad Deborah Harris, an Israeli lerary agent whose clients clu David Grossman and Tom Segev, to take on the book. She proposed eds and remend hirg a translator. Harris recently relled that, the U.K., an ctn of the revised mancript began wh twenty-two publishers, “and went on and on and on,” whereas, the U.S., “I was gettg the most sultg rejectns, of the kd ‘Who do this man thk he is?’ ” Harvill Secker, Harari’s Brish publisher, paid signifintly more for the book than HarperColls did the U.S.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-9 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Harari and Yahav recently vised Harris at her hoe, Jesalem; also serv as her office. They had promised to rt away pi of “Sapiens”— French, Portugue, and Malay—that were fillg up her garn shed. At her dg table, Harris relled seeg “Sapiens” take off: “The reviews were extraordary. And then Obama. And Gat.” (Gat, <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">on his blog</a>: “I’ve always been a fan of wrers who try to nnect the dots.”) Harris began spottg the book airports; “Sapiens,” she said, was reachg people who read only one book a year.</p><p class="paywall">There was a ltle rpg om reviewers—“Mr. Harari’s claim that Columb igned the scientific revolutn is surprisg,” a reviewer the <em>Wall Street Journal</em> <a href=">wrote</a>—but the book thrived an environment of relative cril neglect. At the time of s publitn, “Sapiens” was not reviewed the <em>Tim</em>, <em>The New York Review of Books</em>, or the Washgton <em>Post.</em> Steven Gunn suppos that Harari, by workg on a far greater time sle than the great historil popularizers of the twentieth century, like Arnold Toynbee and Oswald Spengler, substantially protected himself om experts’ sffg. “ ‘Sapiens’ leapogs that, by sayg, ‘Let’s ask qutns <em>so</em> large that nobody n say, “We thk this b’s wrong and that b’s wrong,” ’ ” Gunn said. “Bee what he’s dog is jt buildg an extremely big mol, about an extremely big procs.” He went on, “Nobody’s an expert on the meang of everythg, or the history of everybody, over a long perd.”</p><p class="paywall">Deborah Harris did not work on “Homo Ds.” By then, Yahav had bee Harari’s agent, after closely watchg Harris’s procs, and makg a rerd of all her ntacts. “It wasn’t even done secretly!” she said, lghg.</p><p class="paywall">Yahav was stg next to her. “He’s a maniac and a ntrol eak,” Harris said. In her own algs wh publishers, she ntued, “I have to reta a semblance of profsnalism—I want the people to like me. He didn’t re! He’s never gog to see the people aga, and sell anythg else to them. They n all thk he’s horrible and thls.”</p><p class="paywall">They discsed the ntroversy over the pliant Rsian translatn of “21 Lsons.” Harris said that, if she had been volved, “that would not have happened.”</p><p class="paywall">Yahav, who for the first time looked a ltle paed, asked Harris if she would have refed all of the Rsian publisher’s requts for chang.</p><p class="paywall">“Rsia, you don’t fuck around,” she said. “You don’t give them an ch.” She asked Harari if he would do thgs differently now.</p><p class="paywall">“Hmm,” he said. Harari drew a distctn between chang he had approved and those he had not: for example, he hadn’t known that, the ditn, “hband” would bee “partner.” In public remarks, Harari has fend allowg some chang as an acceptable promise when tryg to reach a Rsian dience. He has also said, “I’m not willg to wre any li. And I’m not willg to add any praise to the regime.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-10 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">They discsed the impendg “Sapiens” spoffs. Harris, largely enthiastic about the plans, said, “I’m jt not a graphic-novel person.” She then told Harari to wa before wrg aga. “I thk you should learn to fly a plane,” she said. “You uld do anythg you want. Walk the Appalachian Trail.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">One day mid-September, Harari walked to an dorium set up an eighteenth-century armory Kyiv, wearg a Donna Karan su and bright multilored socks. He had jt met wh Olena Zelenska, the wife of the Ukraian Print. The next day, he would meet Petro Poroshenko, Ukrae’s former Print, and accept a gift box of cholat ma by Poroshenko’s pany. Harari was about to give a talk at a Yalta European Strategy nference, a three-day, vatn-only event molled on Davos. <em class="small">YES</em> is fund by <a href=">Victor Pch</a>, the billnaire manufacturg magnate, wh the aim of promotg Ukrae’s orientatn toward the Wt, and of promotg Victor Pch.</p><p class="paywall">As people took their seats, Harari stood wh Pch at the ont of the dorium, and for a few mut he was exposed to strangers. Steven Pker, the Harvard gnive psychologist, troduced himself. David Rubenste, the billnaire vtor and -founr of the Carlyle Group, gave Harari his bs rd. Rubenste has bee a “thought lear” at gathergs like <em class="small">YES</em>, and he terviews wealthy people for Bloomberg TV. (Later that day, durg a <em class="small">YES</em> dner where Print <a href=">Volodymyr Zelensky</a> was a gut, Rubenste terviewed Rob Wright, the “<a href=">Hoe of Cards</a>” star. His qutns were not ma ls awkward by beg barked. “<em>You’re obvly a very attractive woman</em>,” he said. “How did you ci what you wanted to do?”)</p><p class="paywall">Harari’s talk lasted twenty-four mut. He ed schoolbook-style illtratns: chimney stacks, Michelangelo’s David. Nobody on Harari’s staff had persuad him not to reprent mass unemployment wh art work showg only fifty men. He argued that the danger facg the world uld be “stated the form of a simple equatn, which might be the fg equatn of the twenty-first century: B tim C tim D equals AHH. Which means: blogil knowledge, multiplied by putg power, multiplied by data, equals the abily to hack humans.” After the lecture, Harari had an onstage discsn wh Pch. “We should change the foc of the polil nversatn,” Harari said, referrg to A.I. And: “This is one of the purpos of nferenc like this—to change the global nversatn.” Throughout Harari’s event, senr European policians the ont row chatted among themselv.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="89am"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="2zfog"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">When I later talked to Steven Pker, he ma a ndid distctn between speakg opportuni that were “too tertg to turn down” and others “too lucrative to turn down.” Hugo Chtenn, a director at the London Speaker Bure, an agency that books speakers for events like <em class="small">YES</em>, told me that Harari’s fee Kyiv would reflect the fact that he’s a h face; there’s only so much enthiasm for hearg someone like <a href=">Tony Blair</a> give the speech he’s given on such ocsns for the past . On the plane to Kyiv, Yahav had dited to me that Harari’s fee would be more than twice what Donald Tmp was paid when he ma a brief vio appearance at <em class="small">YES</em>, 2015. Tmp received a hundred and fifty thoand dollars.</p><p class="paywall">In public, at least, Harari don’t echo Pker’s pot about money gigs, and he won’t adm to havg ncerns about earng a fee that might pensate him, part, for lnrg the reputatns of others. “We n’t check everyone who’s g to a nference,” he told me. He was unmoved when told that <a href=">Jordan Peterson</a>, the Canadian psychologist and self-help thor known for his posn that “the mascule spir is unr asslt,” had ncelled his <em class="small">YES</em> appearance. Later this year, Israel, Harari plans to have a private nversatn wh Peterson. Harari said of Peterson’s reprentativ, “They offered to do a public bate. And we said that we don’t want to, bee there is a danger that will jt be mud wrtlg.” Yahav had earlier teased Harari, sayg, “You don’t argue. If somebody says somethg you don’t like, you don’t say, ‘I don’t like .’ You jt shut up.”</p><p class="paywall">In Kyiv, Harari gave several terviews to lol journalists, and sometim mentned a man who had been on our flight om Israel to Ukrae. After the plane left the gate, there was a long lay, and the man stormed to the ont, mandg to be let off. There are tim, Harari told one reporter, when the thg “most rponsible for your sufferg is your own md.” The subject of human sufferg—even extreme sufferg—don’t seem to agate Harari que the way that dtrial agriculture do. Ined, Harari has taken up posns agast what he lls humanism, by which he means “the worship of humany,” and which he disvers , among other plac, the foundatns of Nazism and Stalism. (This characterizatn has upset humanists.) Some of this may be tactil—Harari is foregroundg a ntted animal-rights posn—but also reflects an aspect of his Vipassana-directed thkg. Human sufferg occurs; the issue is how to rpond to . Harari’s suggtn that the airle passenger, beg livid about the lay, had largely ma his own misery was probably right; but to turn the man to a se study seemed to breeze past all of the sufferg that volv more than a trans nvenience.</p><p class="paywall">The morng after Harari’s lecture, he weled Pker to his hotel sue. They hadn’t met before this trip, but a few weeks earlier they had arranged to film a nversatn, which Harari would release on his own platforms. Pker later joked that, when makg the plan, he’d spoken only wh Harari’s “mns,” addg, “<em>I</em> want to have mns.” Pker has a lerary agent, a speakg agent, and, at Harvard, a part-time assistant. Contemplatg the sle of Harari’s operatn, he said, whout judgment, “I don’t know of any other amic or public tellectual who’s taken that route.”</p><p class="paywall">Pker is the thor of, most recently, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Enlightenment Now</a>,” which marshals evince of recent human progrs. “We live longer, suffer ls, learn more, get smarter, and enjoy more small pleasur and rich experienc,” he wr. “Fewer of are killed, asslted, enslaved, opprsed, or exploed.” He told me that, while preparg to meet Harari, he had rehed his skepticism about futurology by rereadg two well-known says—Robert Kaplan’s “<a href=">The Comg Anarchy: How Srcy, Crime, Overpopulatn, Tribalism, and Disease Are Rapidly Dtroyg the Social Fabric of Our Pla</a>,” published <em>The Atlantic</em> 1994, and “<a href=">The Long Boom</a>,” by Peter Schwartz and Peter Leyn, published <em>Wired</em> three years later (“We’re facg 25 years of prospery, eedom, and a better environment for the whole world. You got a problem wh that?”).</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-11 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">As a mera crew set up, Harari affably told Pker, “The flt script is that you will be the optimist and I will be the psimist. But we n try and avoid this.” They chatted about TV, and disvered a shared enthiasm for “<a href=">Shtisel</a>,” an Israeli drama about an ultra-Orthodox fay, and “<a href=">Veep</a>.”</p><p class="paywall">“What else do you watch?” Harari asked.</p><p class="paywall">“ ‘<a href=">The Crown</a>,’ ” Pker said.</p><p class="paywall">“Oh, ‘The Crown’ is great!”</p><p class="paywall">Harari had earlier told me that he prefers TV to novels; a reer now often focsed on ias about narrative and terry, his reflectns on art seem to stop at the observatn that “fictns” have remarkable power. Over supper Israel, he had noted that, the Middle Ag, “only what kgs and queens did was important, and even then not everythg they did,” whereas novels are likely “to tell you tail about what some peasant did.” Onstage, at <em class="small">YES</em>, he had said, “If we thk about art as kd of playg on the human emotnal keyboard, then I thk A.I. will very soon revolutnize art pletely.”</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="jvwk8h"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">The taped nversatn began. Harari began to scribe future tech tsns, and Pker, phg back, referred to the ubiquo “telcreens” that monor cizens Orwell’s “<a href=">1984</a>.” Today, Pker said, would be a “trivial” task to stall such vic: “There uld be, every room, a ernment-operated mera. They uld have done that s ago. But they haven’t, certaly not the Wt. And so the qutn is: why didn’t they? Partly bee the ernment didn’t have that much of an tert dog . Partly bee there would be enough ristance that, a mocracy, they uldn’t succeed.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari said that, the past, data generated by such vic uld not have been procsed; the K.G.B. uld not have hired enough agents. A.I. remov this barrier. “This is not science fictn,” he said. “This is happeng var parts of the world. It’s happeng now Cha. It’s happeng now my home untry, Israel.”</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="Two angry lookg ps hold hands as they arrt Cupid for shootg arrows at both of them." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" 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19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">“What you’ve intified is some of the problems of totalarian societi or occupyg powers,” Pker said. “The key is how to prevent your society om beg Cha.” In rponse, Harari suggted that might have been only an abily to procs such data that had protected societi om thorarianism. He went on, “Sudnly, totalarian regim uld have a technologil advantage over the mocraci.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-12 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Pker said, “The tra-off between efficiency and ethics is jt the very nature of realy. It has always faced —even wh much simpler algorhms, of the kd you uld do wh paper and pencil.” He noted that, for seventy years, psychologists have known that, a medil settg, statistil cisn-makg outperforms human tun. Simple statistil mols uld have been wily ed to offer diagnos of disease, forest job performance, and predict recidivism. But humans had shown a willgns to ignore such mols.</p><p class="paywall">“My view, as a historian, is that seventy years isn’t a long time,” Harari said.</p><p class="paywall">When I later spoke to Pker, he said that he admired Harari’s avoidance of nventnal wisdom, but add, “When down to , he <em>is</em> a liberal secular humanist.” Harari rejects the label, Pker said, but there’s no doubt that Harari is an atheist, and that he “believ eedom of exprsn and the applitn of reason, and human well-beg as the ultimate crern.” Pker said that, the end, Harari seems to want “to be able to reject all tegori.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The next day, Harari and Yahav ma a trip to Chernobyl and the abandoned cy of Pripyat. They ved a few other people, and hired a gui. Yahav embraced a role of half-ironic worrier about health risks; the gui tried to reassure him by givg him his dosimeter, which measur radiatn levels. When the vice beeped, Yahav plaed of a headache. In the ed Len Square Pripyat, he told Harari, “You’re not gog to die on me. We’ve discsed this—I’m gog to die first. I was smokg for years.”</p><p class="paywall">Harari, whose work sometim sounds regretful about most of what has happened sce the Paleolhic era— “Sapiens,” he wr that “the forager enomy provid most people wh more tertg liv than agriculture or dtry do”—began the day by anticipatg, happily, a glimpse of the world as would be if “humans stroyed themselv.” Walkg across Pripyat’s soccer field, where mature tre now grow, he remarked on how quickly thgs had gone “back to normal.”</p><p class="paywall">The gui asked if anyone had heard of Call of Duty: Morn Warfare—the vio game, which clus a sequence set Pripyat.</p><p class="paywall">“No,” Harari said.</p><p class="paywall">“Jt the most popular game the world,” the gui said.</p><p class="paywall">At dk, Harari and Yahav head back to Kyiv, a black Merces. When Yahav sneezed, Harari said, “It’s the radiatn startg.” As we drove through flat, forted untrysi, Harari talked about his upbrgg: his hatred of chs; his natnalist and relig perds. He said, “One thg I thk about how humans work—the only thg that n replace one story is another story.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-13 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">We discsed the tall tal that ocsnally appear his wrg. In “Homo Ds,” Harari wr that, 2014, a Hong Kong venture-pal firm “broke new ground by appotg an algorhm named <em class="small">VITAL</em> to s board.” A footnote provis a lk to <a href=">an onle article</a>, which mak clear that, fact, there had been no such board appotment, and that the prs release announcg was a lure for “gullible” outlets. When I asked Harari if he’d accintally led rears to believg a fictn, he appeared untroubled, argug that the book’s larger pot about A.I. encroachment still held.</p><p class="paywall">In “Sapiens,” Harari wr tail about a meetg the sert between Apollo 11 astronts and a Native Amerin who dictated a msage for them to take to the moon. The msage, when later translated, was “They have e to steal your lands.” Harari’s text acknowledg that the story might be a “legend.”</p><p class="paywall">“I don’t know if ’s a te story,” Harari told me. “It don’t matter—’s a good story.” He rethought this. “It matters how you prent to the rears. I thk I took re to make sure that at least telligent rears will unrstand that maybe didn’t happen.” (The story has been traced to a Johnny Carson monologue.)</p><p class="paywall">Harari went on to say how much he’d liked wrg an extend fictnal passage, “Homo Ds,” which he imag the belief system of a twelfth-century csar. It begs, “Image a young English nobleman named John . . .” Harari had been enuraged this experiment, he said, by the example of classil historians, who were fortable fabritg dialogue, and by “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">The Hchhiker’s Gui to the Galaxy</a>,” by Douglas Adams, a book “packed wh so much good philosophy.” No twentieth-century philosophil book bis “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Sourc of the Self</a>,” by Charl Taylor, had fluenced him more.</p><p class="paywall">We were now on a bbled street Kyiv. Harari said, “Maybe the next book will be a novel.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">At a prs nference the cy, Harari was asked a qutn by Hannah Hrabarska, a Ukraian news photographer. “I n’t stop sg,” she began. “I’ve watched all your lectur, watched everythg about you.” I spoke to her later. She said that readg “Sapiens” had “pletely changed” her life. Hrabarska was born the week of the Chernobyl disaster, 1986. “When I was a child, I dreamed of beg an artist,” she said. “But then polics ptured me.” When the Orange Revolutn began, 2004, she was eighteen, and “<em>so</em> ialistic.” She studied law and went to journalism. In the wter of 2013-14, she photographed the Euromaidan protts, Kyiv, where more than a hundred people were killed. “You always expect everythg will change, will get better,” she said. “And don’t.”</p><p class="paywall">Hrabarska read “Sapiens” three or four years ago. She told me that she had prevly read wily history and philosophy, but none of that material had ever “terted me on my re level.” She found “Sapiens” overwhelmg, particularly s passag on prehistory, and s larger revelatn that she was “one of the billns and billns that lived, and didn’t make any impact and didn’t leave any trace.” Upon fishg the book, Hrabarska said, “you kd of relax, don’t feel this prsure anymore—’s O.K. to be signifint.” For her, the disvery of “Sapiens” is that “life is big, but only for me.” This knowledge “lets me <em>own</em> my life.”</p><p class="paywall">Readg “Sapiens” had helped her bee “more passnate” toward people around her, although ls vted their opns. Hrabarska had also spent more time on creative photography projects. She said, “This me om a feelg of ‘O.K., don’t matter that much, I’m jt a ltle human, no one r.’ ”</p><p class="paywall">Hrabarska has disengaged om polics. “I n choose to be volved, not to be volved,” she said. “No one r, and I don’t re, too.” ♦</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="8b0tyr"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 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summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/magaze/2011/08/15/sleepg-wh-the-enemy" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Sleepg wh the Enemy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Annals of Evolutn</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/magaze/2011/08/15/sleepg-wh-the-enemy" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Sleepg wh the Enemy</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/magaze/2011/08/15/sleepg-wh-the-enemy" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Sleepg wh the Enemy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">What happened between the Neanrthals and ?</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Elizabeth Kolbert</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--article summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/magaze/2011/10/03/peace--our-time-elizabeth-kolbert" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Peace Our Time" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Books</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/magaze/2011/10/03/peace--our-time-elizabeth-kolbert" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Peace Our Time</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/magaze/2011/10/03/peace--our-time-elizabeth-kolbert" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Peace Our Time" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Steven Pker’s history of vlence.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Elizabeth Kolbert</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--evio summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 720w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 480w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Theatrics of Tmp’s State of the Unn Addrs" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Vio</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Theatrics of Tmp’s State of the Unn Addrs</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 720w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 480w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Theatrics of Tmp’s State of the Unn Addrs" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k summary-em__k--isCneVio">Wh both his reëlectn mpaign and impeachment trial unr way, Print Tmp livered his third State of the Unn addrs.</div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Annals of Inquiry</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Rearchers have studied how much of our personaly is set om childhood, but what you’re like isn’t who you are.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span 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Insi the disturbg md of a proment gay atheist at the World Enomic Fom - LifeSe

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INSI THE DISTURBG MD OF A PROMENT GAY ATHEIST AT THE WORLD ENOMIC FOM

Q&A ON BEG GAY

BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM YUVAL HARARI GAY

Insi the disturbg md of a proment gay atheist at the World Enomic Fom - LifeSe

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INSI THE DISTURBG MD OF A PROMENT GAY ATHEIST AT THE WORLD ENOMIC FOM

Q&A ON BEG GAY

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* YUVAL HARARI GAY

BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM YUVAL HARARI GAY