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iRsSlw"><a class="RubricLk-gRWSOU fgWnkQ bric__lk" href="/news/news-sk"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">News Dk</span></a></div></div></div><h1 data-ttid="ContentHearHed" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearHed-NCyCC iUEiRd NbxED hpJvIc">The Shiftg Symbolism of the Gadsn Flag</h1></div><div class="ContentHearAccredatn-lfctVB cKRKZx ntent-hear__accredatn" data-ttid="ContentHearAccredatn"><div class="ContentHearByle-kmPyCa gvUmxJ"><div class="ContentHearByleContent-dpPmNn DRFq"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl ContentHearByl-cZqgyJ bqbBYQ"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ivtvgj byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL eErqIx byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/rob-walker-2">Rob Walker</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2016-10-02T00:00:22-04:00" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearPublishDate-eIBicG iUEiRd kYZrFA kEBrdf">October 2, 2016</time></div></div></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div class="ActnBarWrapperContent-lasBkU cAHp"><div class="ActnBarWrapperComponent-cjwxLS bEeSLb"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kNjTbQ viewport-monor-anchor"><button id="bookmark" aria-label="Save this story" class="ActnBarButton-dyFOZU hQrwCF bookmark large-screen"><span class="ActnBarSendaryButtonPrimaryIn-isbvyN cAwccV bookmark-button-in"><svg class="in in-bookmark" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path 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3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG gBDqlf"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><div class="GenericCalloutWrapper-tojWn iHBnEl llout--has-top-borr set-embedd-le" data-ttid="GenericCallout"><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO KhjZz AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset rponsive-image rponsive-image--expandable"><noscript><img alt="How do we ci what the “Dont Tread on Me” flag or ed any symbol really means" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn AssetEmbedCaptn-fNQBPI fmQnYP asset-embed__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">How do we ci what the “Don’t Tread on Me” flag, or ed any symbol, really means?</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Photograph by Drew Angerer / The New York Tim / Rx</span></div></figure></div><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">In January of 2014, an Ain-Amerin matenance mechanic for the Uned Stat Postal Service Denver filed a plat chargg that he had been subjected to racial discrimatn. Specifilly, as a recent Equal Employment Opportuny Commissn <a href=">filg</a> on the matter put , one of the man’s -workers “repeatedly wore a p to work wh an signia of the Gadsn Flag.” The p sign qutn volv a iled rattlnake over the phrase “<em class="small">DON’T TREAD ON ME</em>,” agast a yellow background. You’ve seen .</p><p class="paywall">The Postal Service dismissed the plat. But, this summer, that cisn was reversed by the E.E.O.C., which, after some procral back-and-forth, orred the agency to vtigate the matter. Eugene Volokh, a profsor at the U.C.L.A. School of Law, <a href=">brought this to the public’s attentn</a> through the Volokh Conspiracy, his legal-affairs blog on the Washgton <em>Post</em>’<em>s</em> Web se. Observers of a particular iologil bent reacted wh alarm or outrage: “<a href=">Is the Gadsn Flag Racist?</a>,” “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Government Rulg: Wearg ‘Don’t Tread on Me’ Gadsn Flag Can Be Racist & ‘Racial Harassment</a>,’ ” “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Obama Admistratn: ‘Don't Tread on Me’ Cloth Are Racist</a>,” and so on.</p><p class="paywall">There was no such five “lg,” om the Obama Admistratn or anyone else. The E.E.O.C. (which whipped up a <a href=">dited page</a> to rrect misreportg around “the Gadsn Flag se”) had merely told the Postal Service, long-wd legal terms, to look to the plat. But however oked up the notn that there was some kd of feral crackdown on the sign, the ntroversy do pot to somethg real. In recent years, the Gadsn flag has bee a favore among Tea Party enthiasts, Send Amendment zealots—really anyone who gets riled up by the ia of ernment overreach. It’s also been appropriated to promote <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">U.S. Soccer</a> and <a href=">streetwear brands</a>. And this reflects a eper qutn, one that’s actually pretty pellg: How <em>do</em> we ci what the Gadsn flag, or ed any symbol, really means?</p><p class="paywall">One answer volv history. The Gadsn flag is one of at least three kds of flags created by pennce-md lonists the n-up to the Revolutnary War, acrdg to the wrer and historian Marc Leepson, the thor of “Flag: An Amerin Bgraphy.” Liberty flags featured that word on a variety of backdrops; the Pe Tree flag floated the slogan “An Appeal To Heaven” over a pictn of a pe tree. Neher endured like the sign of Christopher Gadsn, a Charlton-born brigadier general the Contental Army. His was by far the olt, wh s menacg rattler and provotive slogan.</p><p class="paywall">The snake, turns out, was somethg of a Colonial-era meme, evintly origated by Benjam Frankl. In 1751, Frankl ma the <a href=">satiril suggtn</a> that the loni might repay the Crown for shippg nvicts to Ameri by distributg rattlnak around England, “particularly the Garns of the Prime Misters, the Lords of Tra and Members of Parliament; for to them we are most particularly obliged.” Later, what may be Ameri’s first-ever polil rtoon, Frankl published the famo “Jo or Die” image, which picts the Amerin loni as segments of a snake. Among other borrowers, Pl Revere put the snake a seventeen-seventi newspaper nameplate. Gadsn’s venomo remix, for a flag ed by Contental sailors, picted the reassembled rattler as a righteo threat to tramplg imperialism. “The origs of ‘Don’t Tread On Me,’ ” Leepson summariz, “were pletely, one hundred percent anti-Brish, and pro-revolutn.” Ined, that E.E.O.C. directive agre, “It is clear that the Gadsn Flag origated the Revolutnary War a non-racial ntext.”</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">And yet, no symbolic meang is locked time. At the risk of provg <a href=">Godw’s law</a> (which holds that all onle bat work their way to some votn of Nazis), nsir the swastika. A symbol of well-beg associated wh Buddhists for thoands of years, was <a href=">ed by mercial brands and even ocsnally adorned U.S. and Brish ary aircraft</a> before the Send World War. But the Nazi regime’s black, whe, and red treatment, and s associatn wh anti-Semism, vlence, aggrsn, hatred, and ath, oblerated the sign’s earlier meang the Wt and beyond.</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">The shift the swastika’s meang is, some ways, an outlier: there’s no disputg s ugly symbolism today. (It would likely not be difficult for, say, a Jewish worker to nvce the E.E.O.C. that a lleague’s sistence on wearg a swastika p was evince of harassment.) Other symbols suggt the fluidy and ambiguy of meang—and the unrground, almost -group msagg symbols n send. In the early neteen-neti, the Los Angel Rairs logo (now the Oakland Rairs), which volv an eye-patched football player and crossed swords, had supposedly been so wily adopted by “street gangs” that many schools the Wtern U.S. banned bee of “the nnectn between Rairs gear and gang activy,” acrdg to a <em>Tim</em> <a href=">article</a> om that era. More recently, a rtoon character lled Pepe the Frog, vented by the artist Matt Furie as a kd of slacker humanoid amphibian back 2005, has been <a href=">repurposed shadowy rners of the Inter</a>—maybe ironilly, maybe not—as a wky symbol of whe natnalism. “Pepe n be ed by the alt-right to slyly say ‘I’m one of you,’ ” <a href=">Motherboard explaed</a> after Donald Tmp, Jr., shared a Pepe meme on Instagram earlier this month, and a <a href=">surprisg number</a> of <a href=">reports</a>, as well as <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">the Hillary Clton mpaign</a>, agreed.</p><p class="paywall">As for Gadsn’s creatn: after the Stars and Strip was adopted as the official flag of the Uned Stat (wh ltle fanfare or rerd bate, Leepson not), the Gadsn sign remaed somethg of a Revolutnary relic for many years. By the neteen-seventi, had some populary Libertarian circl, as a symbol of iologil enthiasm for mimal ernment and the rights of dividuals; there was ltle mastream tert the flag as late as the summer of 2001, when Chris Whten, who scribed himself an e-mail as havg “a background the broar Libertarian movement,” started a Web se dited to the history of the flag (and associated merch). Traffic spiked after the September 11th terrorist attacks, Whten says, and search (and sal) also climbed as the Tea Party movement emerged. The symbol’s appeal spread through pop culture, as an all-purpose signifier of swaggerg fiance. In 2014, Alabama beme the <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">seventh state</a> to approve a specialty license plate wh a Gadsn sign.</p><p class="paywall">Along the way, picked up other nnotatns: strint anti-ernment sentiment, often directed wh particular vehemence at the first Ain-Amerin Print. As the E.E.O.C. ggerly suggted, the symbol is now “sometim terpreted to nvey racially-tged msag some ntexts,” cg the flag’s removal om a New Haven fire statn after a black firefighter plaed, and a 2014 <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">cint</a> which two Las Vegas police officers were killed and their bodi vered by the flag. (The officers were whe, but the shooters reportedly “spoke of whe supremacy” and “the start of a revolutn,” and were prumably sendg that msage wh the flag.) Other skirmish around the flag’s display, largely centered on s associatn wh the Tea Party, have entangled <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">small bs</a>, <a href=">homeowners’ associatns</a>, and even <a href=">an empty buildg</a>. “People who llect historil flags like to fly them ocsnally,” John M. Hartvigsen, print of the North Amerin Vexillologil Associatn, says. But some have shied away om “historil display” of the Gadsn flag bee “ n now munite a polil sentiment that may not be theirs.”</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="9z9r5e"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="cvotn4"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">Observers of the Gadsn flag’s rurgence—both pro and n—equently end up parg to the Conferate battle flag. Hartvigsen says the versn of that flag that we’re faiar wh today was origally ed by Conferate war veterans’ groups and the like, and was then embraced by the Ku Klux Klan and other whe supremacists. This associatn wh racial hatred, and the flag’s historic roots as an emblem of a would-be ernment that embraced slavery, has long ma the flag offensive to many. John Coski, a historian who wrote the 2005 book “The Conferate Battle Flag: Ameri’s Most Embattled Emblem,” said an e-mail that he spects the flag still has “multiple meangs,” even if fens volvg regnal pri and the like have been creasgly challenged and margalized. Coski is aware that any ambiguy about that flag is unfathomable to those who see s meang as aggrsively racist—and settled. Sentiment agast that flag crted last year wh the mass shootg at a black church Charlton, South Carola. The acced murrer, Dylann Roof, was an avowed racist who had photographed himself wh the Conferate flag; after the murrs, South Carola <a href=">removed</a> om the pol grounds, and mastream retailers like Walmart and Amazon <a href=">stopped sellg merchandise</a> that featured the sign.</p><p class="paywall">We have no real ntext for what that aggrieved postal worker experienced, or for the motiv of his Gadsn-fan lleague. But however that cint is ultimately rolved as a matter of workplace regulatn, ’s not gog to settle some five meang of the “Don’t Tread On Me” rattler. “Symbols are emotn-charged,” Hartvigsen, the flag expert, said. We re about and terpret them on a personal level. And that’s why the facts of a symbol’s history and associatns n be piled, documented, and studied, but they still won’t be the whole story. “Flags very much have the meang of the dividual who is displayg , or seeg ,” Hartvigsen ntued. More signifint, those may be two wildly divergent, but equally fervent, perspectiv. The Gadsn flag is jt the latt example that disagreements and ambiguy do not unrme the emotnal power of a symbol. Sometim, fact, they are s source.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="1k7o"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div 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bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">John Cassidy</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/news/john-ssidy/the-g-o-p-s-extremism-problem-go-beyond-the-nferate-flag" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The G.O.P.’s Ti to Extremism Go Beyond the Conferate Flag</div></a><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" 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Ralph Eubanks</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Sammy Harkham’s Work-Life Balance" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Page-Turner</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Sammy Harkham’s Work-Life Balance</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Sammy Harkham’s Work-Life Balance" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">“Blood of the Virg” is about the disvery that fay and art require the same rourc.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Sam Thielman</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Yogurt Days" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Fictn</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Yogurt Days</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Yogurt Days" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">I wonred if my mother had been riskg her life to e here every week, to brg him the yogurt.</div><div 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