Gay Neighborhoods: Can They Be Intified a Systematic Way Usg Latent Class Analysis? | SprgerLk

Contents:

• THE METRO AREAS WH THE LARGT, AND SMALLT, GAY POPULATNS
• AMERI’S GAYT ZIP S, TWO TABL
• KEV MAXEN, JAGUARS ASSOCIATE STRENGTH ACH, OUT AS GAY A FIRST FOR U.S.-BASED PRO LEAGU
• GAY ORLANDO: THE CY BETIFUL – A MAGIL PLACE TO CALL HOME
• GAY NEIGHBORHOODS: CAN THEY BE INTIFIED A SYSTEMATIC WAY USG LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS?
• NFL ACH BE FIRST MALE ACH MAJOR U.S. MEN’S PRO SPORTS TO E OUT AS GAY
• ZIP GAY, GEIA
• GAY ZIP COS - MERIWETHER COUNTY GA
• GAY, GA ZIP CO
• GAY MOSW · CY GUI
• DALLAS GAY REALTOR: LGBTQ LIVG THE LONE STAR STATE
• GAY HEAD, MA ZIP CO
• GAY, GEIA ZIP CO - UNED STAT

THE METRO AREAS WH THE LARGT, AND SMALLT, GAY POPULATNS

A new analysis of Gallup survey data offers the most tailed timat yet about where people who intify as gay, lbian, bisexual or transgenr Gallup analysis fds the largt ncentratns the Wt — and not jt the expected plac like San Francis and Portland, Ore. It seems to be a kd of regnal pal of gay life, attractg people om other parts of Utah and the Mormon the other hand, some of the East Coast plac wh famo gay neighborhoods, cludg New York, Miami and Washgton, have a smaller percentage of their populatn who intify as gay — roughly average for a big metropolan area. And even the parts of the untry outsi the 50 biggt metropolan areas have a gay populatn (about 3 percent) not so different om some big metropolan areas.

“For a generatn, they all remember the moment they walked through their first gay bar, ” said Pl Boneberg, executive director of the G.

AMERI’S GAYT ZIP S, TWO TABL

” Wilson/The New York TimSan FrancisHistorians often trace San Francis’s role as a gay refuge part to World War II, when the Navy discharged gay sailors, bee of their sexualy, at Treasure Island San Francis Bay. Other gay people, search of a safe place, Francis was promently featured when Life magaze published a 1964 article tled “Homosexualy Ameri. He is creded wh turng the Castro district of the 1970s to perhaps the untry’s most visible gay neighborhood, a muny and tourist statn that still hums unr a rabow San Francis has ls of a pull, as other parts of the untry have bee ls hostile, the cy is still a statn, cludg for transgenr people.

People the ral, nservative part of the state and neighborg stat have flocked to Portland, as have people priced out of the Wt Coast’s other big, gay-iendly ci. Many of them have fought for some of the untry’s fartht-reachg gay rights polici, cludg the recent expansn of Mediid verage for treatment like hormone therapy and unselg for transgenr people. Still, Jeana Frazzi, executive director of Basic Rights Oregon, says Portland has work to do before n feel like a haven for many transgenr people and gay people of factor behd the data — Portland and elsewhere — may be people’s willgns to tell a pollster that they’re gay, lbian or bisexual.

KEV MAXEN, JAGUARS ASSOCIATE STRENGTH ACH, OUT AS GAY A FIRST FOR U.S.-BASED PRO LEAGU

In addn to havg a larger gay populatn, plac like Portland may also have a larger share of their gay populatn who publicly intify as such.

GAY ORLANDO: THE CY BETIFUL – A MAGIL PLACE TO CALL HOME

Kathere Taylor for The New York TimBoston and AtIt’s no accint that some of the untry’s most ted metro areas have some of the largt gay populatns.

Gay and lbian Amerins are not substantially more ted than the rt of the populatn, acrdg to Gary Gat, a -thor of “The Gay and Lbian Atlas, ” who has studied the Gallup data.

GAY NEIGHBORHOODS: CAN THEY BE INTIFIED A SYSTEMATIC WAY USG LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS?

7 another aspect of the Mormon culture — the importance of muny and fay — go a long way toward explag the pattern, people Salt Lake Cy many gay people who were raised Mormon (or L. “If wasn’t an accint of birth that you were born San Francis and happened to be queer, I don’t thk there’s the immediate pull that you mt move there anymore, ” said Douglas Ray, who teach queer lerature Birmgham and eded “The Queer South, ” an other large metro areas wh relatively small gay populatns clu Hoton, Memphis, Nashville and Raleigh, N.

)Before this Gallup analysis, the most tailed portra of gay mography was the Cens Bure timat of same-sex upl, cludg an analysis by the Williams Instute at U. Manhattan most likely has a larger percentage of gay and lbian rints than the New York regn as a the data is affected by the feral ernment’s fn of metropolan areas.

6A versn of this article appears prt on, Sectn ST, Page 12 of the New York edn wh the headle: Where Gay Amerins Choose to Live and Why. ) Here are the top neighborhoods for gay male upl:There’s some geographic overlap wh the same-sex female hoeholds, but they generally tend to be ncentrated elsewhere:Tlia chief enomist Jed Kolko pots out that same-sex male upl tend to live more expensive neighborhoods than eher lbian upl or heterosexual upl. In addn, he pots to amic rearch showg that gay men tend to ntribute more to the gentrifitn of urban neighborhoods — sometim directly creasg hog pric through remolg San Francis's Victorian hom, for stance.

NFL ACH BE FIRST MALE ACH MAJOR U.S. MEN’S PRO SPORTS TO E OUT AS GAY

Data at the ZIP level were drawn om the Amerin Communy Survey, webse lists of gay bars and neighborhoods, and the Florida Department of Health HIV surveillance system. Improved measur, such as the planned qutn about same-sex spo for the 2020 US Cens, are need to intify gay neighborhoods populatn-level surveys. CatnReceived: 27 September 2020Revised: 26 June 2022Accepted: 27 June 2022Published: 04 Augt 2022Issue Date: October 2022DOI: neighborhoodsLatent class analysisGay menSexual orientatnPre-exposure prophylaxis.

Gay neighborhoods are ually fed as plac wh a cy that have rinc posed of a higher proportn of gay men, bs owned by or supportive of gay men, and provi a center for social life, all of which fosters a sense of muny for gay men (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013).

ZIP GAY, GEIA

Bars gay neighborhoods tablished social works that ma sexual mori visible to one another and fostered a sense of muny (Ghaziani, 2014). In the 1970s, rearchers reported that large ci gave rise to cultural and social stutns that form the basis of gay neighborhoods (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013).

The US Cens Bure has llected data on same-sex unmarried partners sce 1990, which has provid rintial ncentratn data for the study of gay neighborhoods (Compton & Bmle, 2012) neighborhood rince has been fed var ways studi that have mostly been nducted Florida and New York Cy (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013; Carpiano et al., 2011; Frye et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2012). Gay neighborhood rince was fed as ridg one of five ZIP s that nstute the Wilton Manors area a study South Florida (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013). In two studi nducted New York Cy, gay neighborhoods were fed g the percentage of male–male unmarried partner hoeholds and social mappg (Carpiano et al., 2011; Kelly et al., 2012).

Another study New York Cy ed percent of male–male unmarried partner hoeholds (Frye et al., 2010) fdgs the lerature about risk or protective factors associated wh gay neighborhood rince are varied.

GAY ZIP COS - MERIWETHER COUNTY GA

Some studi show that gay neighborhoods facilate HIV sexual risk behavrs and dg e due to norms that may promote unhealthy behavrs and activi, while others show that they are protective for health rultg om a culture of tolerance and openns of social practic (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013; Carpiano et al., 2011; Frye et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2012).

A study nducted South Florida found that elevated rat of unprotected anal terurse, methamphetame e, and rced levels of engagement social activi were risk factors associated wh livg a gay neighborhood (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013). The participants ridg the gay neighborhood were more likely to be whe, have more tn, and be somewhat olr than other participants (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013).

GAY, GA ZIP CO

In a study nducted New York Cy, the e of dgs to enhance sexual experienc was more mon among men who lived gay neighborhoods pared to men who did not (adjted odds rat [aOR] = 2. A send study nducted New York Cy found higher odds of dg e among dividuals who lived gay neighborhoods, had works posed maly of gay men, and had creased socializatn wh other gay men (Carpiano et al., 2011).

Alternatively, another study nducted New York Cy found that neighborhood gay prence was associated wh nsistently g ndoms durg sertive (aOR = 1. A 2017 study reported that younger MSM acunted for a quarter of new HIV fectns, and unsupprsed young MSM were more likely to report ndomls sex than those who had achieved viral supprsn (Wilson et al., 2016) recently, gay dividuals may be choosg to live outsi of historilly gay neighborhoods (Sprg, 2013).

None of the articl that have classified neighborhoods as gay g cens data has tablished a validated cutoff for intifyg gay neighborhoods (Buttram & Kurtz, 2013; Carpiano et al., 2011; Frye et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2012). Utilizg a more prehensive fn, the purpose of this study was to intify and more accurately terme gay neighborhoods Florida g the percent of male–male unmarried partners, the nsy of gay bars as ascertaed om web s, and HIV prevalence data for MSM g latent class analysis (LCA) to group existg data.

GAY MOSW · CY GUI

Intifyg gay neighborhoods uld help target high-risk dividuals wh HIV preventn tools, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or treatment as preventn. MethodStudy PopulatnThis study ed an elogic sign and analyzed sendary HIV surveillance data, Amerin Communy Survey (ACS) data, and data about gay bars and gay neighborhoods om the Inter. A list of gay bars/clubs a ZIP Florida was extracted om,, and as part of the gay bar nsy variable (Gay Ci, no date; Gay Bar Maps, 2017; Gay Bars List, 2016).

The list was limed to gay bars and clubs and exclud hotels and rtrants nsistent wh the methods by Adriaenssens (2011) that mapped LGBT tablishments and clud gay bars and clubs. The gay bars were not checked to terme if they were currently open for bs, but prev or current prence of a gay bar may dite a gay neighborhood.

A list of gay ZIP s was piled om (percentage of all hoeholds that are unmarried, same sex partners), (LGBT acceptance), (sred on prohibn of discrimatn on basis of sexual orientatn and genr inty, municipaly’s treatment of LGBTQ employe, cln of LGBTQ nstuents cy servic and programs, fair enforcement of law toward LGBTQ muny, and cy’s mment to clu LGBTQ muny), (based on Human Rights Campaign x), and (based on LGBT ameni) (Human Rights Campaign, 2018; Movoto, no date; Orlando hom USA, 2017; Roadsnacks, 2018; Sharktank, 2016). MeasurThree variabl employg rintial and social measur were ed to intify gay neighborhoods (1) percentage of male–male unmarried partner hoeholds, (2) nsy of gay bars, and (3) HIV prevalence among MSM.

DALLAS GAY REALTOR: LGBTQ LIVG THE LONE STAR STATE

The nsy of gay bars per 1000 populatn a ZIP was lculated g the number of gay bars each ZIP divid by the male populatn 2016 the ZIP .

GAY HEAD, MA ZIP CO

The nsy of gay bars was grouped to three tegori based on percentil of the distributn of the data (≤ 89th percentile, 90–94, and ≥ 95). 90, rpectively) (Table 1) 1 Distributn of ZIP s among levels of percent male–male hoeholds, nsy of gay bars, and HIV prevalence among men who have sex wh men, FloridaFull size tableLatent Class AnalysisThe mol f statistics dited that a two-class mol had the bt f. Among not gay neighborhoods, around 41% of ZIP s fell to the lowt tegory (0%) for percent of male–male unmarried partner hoeholds (Table 2).

GAY, GEIA ZIP CO - UNED STAT

26 per 1000, rpectively) (Table 2) 2 Distributn of tegori for male–male hoeholds, nsy of gay bars, and HIV prevalence among men who have sex wh men each latent class, FloridaFull size tableOf the Florida ZIP s, 9% fell to class two (gay) (Table 2).

Comparison wh Neighborhoods Intified Through Latent Class Analysis and WebsFrom the LCA, 818 ZIP s were classified to class one (not gay) and 68 to class two (gay) (Table 3). 2501, ditg fair 3 Comparison of ZIP s intified om latent class analysis and webs, FloridaFull size tableOf the 68 gay ZIP s intified by the LCA, 27 (39.

DiscsnIn this study, gay neighborhoods were intified Florida g latent class analysis wh three variabl: percent of male–male unmarried partner hoeholds, nsy of gay bars, and HIV prevalence among MSM. Of note, Wilton Manors and Miami Beach are well-known historilly gay neighborhoods Florida, and the ZIP s associated wh the areas were rrectly placed class two (gay) by the LCA. Beyond HIV preventn, this classifitn system uld be refed or ed wh different geographic levels to further the study of gay neighborhoods.