"Straight-actg gays": the relatnship between mascule nscns, anti-effemacy, and negative gay inty - PubMed

Contents:

• WHY DO SOME GAY MEN INTIFY AS "STRAIGHT-ACTG" AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO WELL-BEG?
• EVEN GAY MEN PREFER STRAIGHT-ACTG MEN LEARSHIP ROL: STUDY
• GAY AND STRAIGHT MEN PREFER MASCULE-PRENTG GAY MEN FOR A HIGH-STAT ROLE: EVINCE FROM AN ELOGILLY VALID EXPERIMENT
• "STRAIGHT-ACTG GAYS": THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULE NSCNS, ANTI-EFFEMACY, AND NEGATIVE GAY INTY
• BUTCH, FEMME, OR STRAIGHT ACTG? PARTNER PREFERENC OF GAY MEN AND LBIANS
• ACTG GAY, ACTG STRAIGHT: SEXUAL ORIENTATN STEREOTYPG
• HELP! I'M GAY BUT I’M ONLY ATTRACTED TO STRAIGHT ACTG MEN
• THE END OF GAY MEN BEG MP
• WHY DO SOME GAY MEN INTIFY AS “STRAIGHT-ACTG” AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO WELL-BEG?

WHY DO SOME GAY MEN INTIFY AS "STRAIGHT-ACTG" AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO WELL-BEG?

" Personally, I believe my performance was worthy of an, when I see gay men state that they are "straight-actg" on plac like the "men seekg men" (m4m) posts on Craigslist, or on ManHunt, I sometim wre them and ask: "If you were 'straight-actg' wouldn't you be postg the 'men seekg woman' (m4w) sectn or on WomanHunt? Gerrard told the actors to manipulate their voice, posture, and hand movements to align wh what they believed to be more typilly male or typilly creatg the different ads, a group of 256 gay and straight men viewed the vios and were asked to pluck out a “lear” bt sued to reprent Sydney. This associatn between masculy and stat endowment has plex implitns for gay men, given the prevailg stereotype that they are more feme pared to heterosexual men (Ke & Dx, 1987; Lippa, 2000; Mchell & Ellis, 2011; Sanchez et al., 2009) Men and the Feme StereotypeSuch a stereotype reflects, to some extent, average differenc genr-typily between gay and heterosexual men.

Policg of masculy among gay men is not only self-directed; there is also evince of prejudice toward more feme gay men om wh the gay muny (Bailey et al., 1997; Hunt et al., 2016) Penalti for Feme Gay MenContemporary theori of effective learship have challenged the perceived virtu of masculy.

EVEN GAY MEN PREFER STRAIGHT-ACTG MEN LEARSHIP ROL: STUDY

Theoretil explanatns for the fdgs nsistently foc on the possibily that gay men elic such discrimatn bee of the stereotype that they are feme and are therefore perceived as ls equipped to occupy higher-stat posns social hierarchi, such as the workplace (Ke & Dx, 1987; Lord et al., 1984). Th, the rearch appears to suggt that feme gay men are at particular risk of stat penalti, pecially om dividuals who posss anti-gay Sentiment Amongst Gay MenA further qutn regardg potential stat penalti for feme vers more mascule-prentg gay men is how plic gay men themselv may be perpetuatg such prejudice.

Whereas most relevant rearch has ed heterosexual sampl, both lab and field studi on romantic partner preferenc amongst gay men highlight a monplace sire for mascule over feme tras potential partners (Bailey et al., 1997; Clarkson, 2006; Laner & Kamel, 1977; Sanchez & Vila, 2012; Tayawadep, 2002).

Such a nnectn suggts that the extent to which gay men ternalise societal stigma about beg gay may fluence their treatment of dividuals who posss stigmatised is a nsirable lerature monstratg that gay men discrimate agast more feme gay mal beyond the romantic ntext (Brooks et al., 2017; Ravenhill & Visser, 2019; Sánchez & Vila, 2012; Taywadep, 2002).

GAY AND STRAIGHT MEN PREFER MASCULE-PRENTG GAY MEN FOR A HIGH-STAT ROLE: EVINCE FROM AN ELOGILLY VALID EXPERIMENT

Provid important advanc offerg elogilly valid monstratns of the rctn stat btowed upon feme men by heterosexual dividuals, important unaddrsed qutns rema about whether gay dividuals also show such a bias, g d-visual stimuli, and what psychologil mechanisms might expla such bias. Demonstratg that gay men are as likely to discrimate agast feme gay men as heterosexuals would ntribute to the emergg awarens of tramory prejudice as an area of ncern for the gay Current StudyThe aim of this study is to explore whether a relatively feme-prentatn negatively impacts stat attament for gay men g a more elogilly valid methodology that allows meangful parisons of the reactns of gay and heterosexual men. Six cis-male, Whe-Atralian profsnal actors, 25 to 35 years old (who all intify as gay real life) were filmed performg an intil vox pop script two ways; 1) once where they were directed to manipulate their voice and body language (VBL) to be more feme, and 2) once where their VBL was to be more mascule.

"STRAIGHT-ACTG GAYS": THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULE NSCNS, ANTI-EFFEMACY, AND NEGATIVE GAY INTY

3Frequency of Vot for Each Actor by Heterosexual and Gay Participants (N = 256)Full size imageMeasurStat EndowmentA sgle forced-choice em askg participants to select their preferred ndidate read as follows:“Please now vote for the actor you thk should be st the Ad Campaign promotg tourism to Sydney. Usg 5-pot Likert sle where a sre of “0” dited “Totally agree” and a sre of “5” dited “Totally disagree”, gay participants were asked to rate how much they endorsed the ems, “I wish I were heterosexual”; “If were possible I’d choose to be straight”; and “I believe is unfair that I am attracted to people of the same sex”.

The average of each participant’s three rpons were lculated to create their Internalised Homonegativy Attus (Heterosexual Participants Only)To measure anti-gay attus we ployed an adapted 6-em versn of the Morn Homonegativy Sle (MHS; Morrison & Morrison, 2002), as ed by Morton (2017), to exclively asss ntemporary negative attus toward gay men.

BUTCH, FEMME, OR STRAIGHT ACTG? PARTNER PREFERENC OF GAY MEN AND LBIANS

Usg 5-pot Likert sle, where a sre of “0” dited “Totally agree” and a sre of “5” dited “Totally disagree”, heterosexual participants were asked to rate statements such as, “Gay men have all the rights they need”; and “Gay men seem to foc on the ways which they differ om heterosexuals, and ignore the ways which they are siar”. 195], that we predicted higher ternalised homonegativy levels would be associated wh a lower likelihood of votg for a feme gay exploratory logistic regrsn analysis was unrtaken to exame if morn sexism predicted ls likelihood of choosg a feme gay male (over a mascule gay male) actor, and if this effect was morated by each participant’s sexual orientatn. The fdg that stronger anti-gay negativy predicted preference for the mascule-prentg actor amongst heterosexual men also replit prev studi (Morton, 2017; Pellegri et al., 2020), offerg further evince for the nnectn between feme-prentatn among gay men and the creased risk of stat-penalti om dividuals who harbour anti-gay attus, even unr circumstanc of affirmative actn (i.

(2021a) found that stronger ternalised anti-gay sentiment predicted masculy-bias – le wh the proposn that the more shame one feels about their sexualy, the ls likely they will want to be reprented by a fellow group-member who perpetuat negative the current study, however, a preference for mascule-prentg actors amongst gay participants was not signifintly predicted by levels of ternalised anti-gay sentiment. The three-em ternalised homonegativy subsle (Mohr & Kendra, 2011) clud ems, such as “I wish I was heterosexual, ” that may have suffered om a floor-effect, whereby the ems were too extreme to be endorsed by a ntemporary sample of gay men (particularly if such gay men were motivated to nceal obv -group prejudice). However, future studi uld vtigate how masculy and attractivens teract ntributg to stat attament for gay male targets, pecially to terme whether attractivens is protective agast stat-penalti for feme-prentg gay sign of the current study did not allow for direct asssments of the unrlyg reasons for a masculy bias to avoid raisg participants’ spicn, but future rearch wh a different sign may benef om tappg such reasons more directly.

ACTG GAY, ACTG STRAIGHT: SEXUAL ORIENTATN STEREOTYPG

The current study’s fdgs further highlight how this ntemporary shift attus toward learship and stat ntu to reprent a tensn for feme-prentg gay men who have been stereotypilly perceived as ‘warm’ but not ‘petent’ pared to mascule-prentg gay men (Clsell & Fiske, 2005) current study is also among the first to show that gay men themselv are plic stat-penalti agast feme-prentg members of their own muny. It foc on several tangible exampl of LGB norm enforcement: mascule gay men who discrimate agast effemate gay men; discrimatn stemmg om rpectabily polics regardg how LGB people anize and stcture their romantic and sexual liv; and discrimatn at the tersectns of sexual orientatn and class, race, and geography. "Roger Ebert wrote: "He plays the role not as a man pretendg to be a woman, and not as a woman trapped a man's body, and not as a parody of a woman, and not as a gay man, but as a drag queen, perd: Lola, a tall, athletic performer thigh-high red boots who l the stage of a drag club as if she were born there, and is a pretty good sger, too.

Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, both straight, were both Osr-nomated for their performanc (Ledger lead, Gyllenhaal supportg) this film about two men fallg love and ntug their affair for film sred 87% on Rotten Tomato, wh the se's cril nsens readg: "A betifully epic Wtern, 'Brokeback Mounta''s gay love story is imbued wh heartbreakg universaly, helped by the movg performanc of Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal. Sánchez and Vila (2012) have documented the phenomenon of men who intify as gay and intify wh tradnal heteronormative masculy, rejectg effemate or mp self-prentatn, and noted that such gay men have often ed labels such as “straight-actg” to scribe themselv and other gay men that they perceive as beg mascule prentatn (Sánchez & Vila, 2012).

The current rearch was signed to explore the predictors of straight-actg intifitn among gay men, based on theoretil perspectiv scribed below, and the potential well-beg benefs and sts associated wh intifyg this Conformy Gay Men: A Developmental PerspectiveA large body of rearch fds that gay men are, on average, more feme than heterosexual men on a range of psychologil dic (Bailey & Zucker, 1995; Rieger, Lsenmeier, Gygax, & Bailey, 2008). Prospective studi of genr nonnformg natal mal genr inty servic fd the majory grow up to intify as gay men (Zucker, Bradley, Owen-Anrson, Kibblewhe, & Cantor, 2008), and populatn-based longudal data fd that genr atypil behavr early childhood is predictive of homosexualy adolcent mal (Li, Karson, & H, 2017) are gay men more feme on average than heterosexual men?

HELP! I'M GAY BUT I’M ONLY ATTRACTED TO STRAIGHT ACTG MEN

Furthermore, there is evince of discrimatn and negative attus directed toward “bottoms” (gay men who take the receptive role durg anal sex) wh the gay muny, which is related to a belief that bottoms are more feme as they are takg a “female role” sex (Brooks, Reysen, & Shaw, 2017).

In support of this notn, Sánchez and Vila (2012) found that the gree to which gay men were preoccupied wh appearg mascule was signifintly associated wh negative feelgs about beg ternalized homophobia predicts intifyg as straight-actg, is likely that intifyg as straight-actg would, turn, be associated wh a range of negative out. It has been nsistently found that ternalized homophobia is a predictor of prsn and/or negative psychologil well-beg gay men (Herek, Cogan, Gillis, & Glunt, 1998; Igartua, Gill, & Montoro, 2003; Morandi, Blaszczynski, Ross, Costa, & Dar-Nimrod, 2015; Newb & Mtanski, 2010) and is a mediatg variable between the experience of discrimatn and prsive symptoms (Feste, Goldied, & Davila, 2012). Th, sofar as intifyg as straight-actg is predicted by ternalized homophobia, may also be related to poorer mental and physil, we have ma petg predictns about how straight-actg intifitn might be related to health and well-beg, given the proposed associatns wh masculy and ternalized homophobia.

THE END OF GAY MEN BEG MP

For example, the relatnship between ternalized homophobia and intifyg as straight-actg might be particularly high for those who prent as more mascule, as they may be both more motivated and better able to f the creria of beg of Current RearchThe aims of the current rearch were to exame predictors of straight-actg intifitn gay men, as well as how straight-actg intifitn self is associated wh health out. 1 for a nceptual mol) 1Mol monstratg relatnship between ternalized homophobia, masculy, and adoptn of a straight-actg inty, as well as direct and direct relatnships between the variabl and health and psychologil distrsFull size imageMethodParticipants and ProcreThe current study was nducted on a sample of Atralian gay men reced through an onle datg applitn.

” Siar sgle-em, self-report measur of masculy have been ed past parable studi (Sánchez et al., 2010; Smolenski, Diamond, Ross, & Rosser, 2010)Internalized HomophobiaInternalized homophobia was measured g the 7-em Reactns to Homosexualy Sle-Short Form (Smolenski et al., 2010).

WHY DO SOME GAY MEN INTIFY AS “STRAIGHT-ACTG” AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO WELL-BEG?

Internalized homophobia was posively associated wh psychologil distrs and negatively associated wh health, whereas masculy was negatively associated wh psychologil distrs and posively associated wh 5 Analys of the magnu and statistil signifince of the direct effectsFull size tableUnexpectedly, the masculy × ternalized homophobia teractn was signifintly associated wh prsn. 3Moratg effect of masculy on the associatn between ternalized homophobia and psychologil distrsFull size imageDiscsnThe overarchg aim of the current study was to better unrstand the predictors of intifyg as straight-actg among gay men, and how such intifitn relat to psychologil and physil well-beg.