7 Early Pneers of the Gay Rights Movement | HISTORY

accomplishments of the gay liberation front

  • Home
  • accomplishments of the gay liberation front

Recent Posts

BEAUTIFUL SECRET GAY MOVIEDecember 28, 2024
OURAN HIGH SCHOOL HOST CLUB GAYDecember 28, 2024
WHAT DO GAY BABIES PLAYDecember 28, 2024
XNXX GAY FIRST TIME ANALDecember 28, 2024
MIL GAYE MIL GAYE AAJ MEREDecember 28, 2024
I'M GAY FOR MY BROTHERDecember 28, 2024
GAY MALE STARDecember 28, 2024
GAY PRIDE PARADE 2015 CHICAGODecember 28, 2024
GAY BROWNSVILLE TXDecember 28, 2024
IS ANDREW GARCIA GAYDecember 28, 2024

Tags

A short acunt of the Gay Liberatn Front the UK, wrten by Stuart Feather.

Contents:

GAY RIGHTS

* accomplishments of the gay liberation front *

“Not only did liberatnists go to Philalphia to show solidary wh the black movement, but was there that Huey Newton as lear of the Panthers, first gave clear support of the Gay Cse, sayg that homosexuals were maybe the most opprsed people of Amerin society, and uld well be the most revolutnary.

On 13th November, GLF ma the first ever, public monstratn the UK by lbians and gay men at Highbury Fields, Islgton, to prott the e of “pretty policemen” agent provotrs ed by the police to entrap gay men to attemptg acts of gross cency, a standard police practice and an easy way for them to crease the figur for crime tectn and prosecutn. An Anti-Psychiatry Group foced on analysg and attackg the Psychiatric Establishments wholale acceptance of Juo Christian prejudice, Biblil thory, and the e of electric shock/emetic dg programm on gays and lbians who did not f , or who were found guilty of breakg the law.

THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT

The gay rights movement the Uned Stat began the 1920s and saw huge progrs the 2000s, wh laws prohibg homosexual activy stck down and a Supreme Court lg legalizg same-sex marriage. * accomplishments of the gay liberation front *

But gay men don’t need to opprs women orr to fulfil their own psycho-sexual needs, and gay women don’t have to relate sexually to the male opprsor, so that at this moment time, the et and most equal relatnships are most likely to be between homosexuals. In all about a hundred gay men and lbians were active the var GLF Groups, while by mid-January, ’71 there were up to five hundred people a week attendg the General Meetg, which suggts that many thoands of gay men and lbians passed through the doors.

David Rben’s book, “Everythg you wanted to know about sex – but were aaid to ask”, which claimed to tell ndid facts whilst avoidg moral judgement and the sectns on gays and lbians ntaed referenc to light bulbs, cucumbers, and the e of wire at hangers for abortns. At the end of ’71 ser spls were occurrg between the men who saw ‘g out’ as only the first step the transformatn of gay men and the send the nontatn wh the social ials of masculy, and sexism, whilst followg the Manifto aim of movg toward munal livg. Opposg them were the men who ignored the Manifto, refed to acknowledge their heterosexist quali, were learng to mpaign on sgle issu, but need, as straight men do, an anised stcture which to operate, one that gay lib was liberately signed not to provi.

UNTEND NSEQUENC: THE LEGACY OF THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT

Other articl where Gay Liberatn Front is discsed: Stonewall rts: The legacy of Stonewall: …radil groups such as the Gay Liberatn Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA). In addn to lnchg numero public monstratns to prott the lack of civil rights for gay dividuals, the anizatns often rorted to such tactics as public nontatns wh polil officials and the disptn of public… * accomplishments of the gay liberation front *

Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter. Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels. Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group.

GAY LIBERATN FRONT

<strong>Peter Tatchell:</strong> Forty years ago, the Gay Liberatn Front challenged society's genr system – luckily we've had some succs * accomplishments of the gay liberation front *

”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze. Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D.

”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue. They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn. " This sign was wrten by the Mattache Society–an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay reportg the events, The New York Daily News rorted to homophobic slurs s tailed verage, nng the headle: “Homo Nt Raid, Queen Be Are Stgg Mad.

THE HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN

1 / 12: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagChristopher Street Liberatn Day Shortly after the Stonewall uprisg, members of the Mattache Society spl off to form the Gay Liberatn Front, a radil group that lnched public monstratns, protts and nontatns wh polil officials. Siar groups followed, cludg the Gay Activists Alliance, Radilbians, and Street Transvt Actn Revolutnari (STAR) 1970, at the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Rts, New York Cy muny members marched through lol streets memoratn of the event.

Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri. In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985.

7 EARLY PNEERS OF THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENTBEFORE THE STONEWALL RTS, THE ACTIVISTS HELPED SET THE STAGE FOR ADVANC THE LGBTQ CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.BY: JOSEPH BENNGTON-CASTROUPDATED: JUNE 8, 2023 | ORIGAL: JUNE 1, 2023PY PAGE LKPRT PAGEBILL MRER/NY DAILY NEWS ARCHIVE VIA GETTY IMAGTHE 1960S SAW SOME MAJOR STRIS LGBTQ ACTIVISM, CLUDG THE GAY “SIP-IN” PROTT AGAST DISCRIMATN OM NEW YORK CY BARS AND THE 1969 STONEWALL RTS. BUT SOME ACTIVISTS TOOK A STAND FOR LGBTQ RIGHTS BEFORE THAT FAMED , OPERATG UNR THE FEAR OF LOSG THEIR JOBS SHOULD THEY BE OUTED OR BEG ARRTED FOR SIMPLY EXISTG HETERONORMATIVE SPAC. THE URAGE OF THE EARLY U.S. QUEER ACTIVISTS SET THE STAGE FOR POLIL VICTORI LGBTQ RIGHTS THE S TO E.WILLIAM DORSEY SWANN (1860–?)JT THREE YEARS BEFORE THE EMANCIPATN PROCLAMATN, WILLIAM DORSEY SWANN WAS BORN THE PROPERTY OF A WHE PLANTATN WOMAN, ACRDG TO REARCH BY CHANNG GERARD JOSEPH. HE GREW UP TO BEE THE FIRST PERSON THE UNED STAT TO FIGHT FOR THE LGBTQ MUNY’S RIGHT TO GATHER THROUGH LEGAL AND POLIL CHANNELS. HE WAS ALSO THE FIRST SELF-PROFSED QUEEN OF DRAG.SWANN HELD DRAG BALLS, OR DANCE PARTI WHICH ATTEN (BLACK MEN, MANY FORMER SLAV) WOULD DRS WOMEN’S SILKS AND SATS. ONE OF THE WASHGTON, D.C. PARTI WAS RAID BY POLICE 1888 AND ABOUT A DOZEN OF THE DRAGGED-UP ATTEN WERE ARRTED, SWANN CLUD.HE WAS TAED SEVERAL MORE TIM AND NVICTED 1896 FOR THE FALSE CHARGE OF “KEEPG A DISORRLY HOE,” OR A BROTHEL. DURG HIS 10-MONTH SENTENCE, SWANN PETNED PRINT GROVER CLEVELAND FOR A PARDON, WHICH WAS NIED. AFTER HIS RELEASE, SWANN NTUED TO THROW BALLS AS THE QUEEN OF DRAG. THE YEAR OF HIS ATH IS UNCERTA, ALTHOUGH SOME LIST AS 1925, WHEN HE WOULD HAVE BEEN 66-67 YEARS OLD.HENRY GERBER (1892–1972)IN 1924, HENRY GERBER FOUND THE FIRST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN AMERI: THE SOCIETY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. THE CHIGO-BASED ANIZATN PRODUCED FRIENDSHIP AND FREEDOM, THE FIRST AMERIN PUBLITN FOR HOMOSEXUALS.IN 1925, GERBER AND OTHER ANIZATN MEMBERS WERE ARRTED FOR “OBSCENY” AFTER THE POLICE RECEIVED A TIP OM A -FOUNR’S WIFE. THOUGH THE CHARG WERE EVENTUALLY DROPPED, FIGHTG THEM ST GERBER HIS LIFE’S SAVGS AND HIS JOB WH THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, AS WELL AS THE DISSOLUTN OF HIS ANIZATN.GERBER WENT ON TO LIVE AN UNASSUMG LIFE, WRG ARTICL ABOUT HOMOSEXUAL OPPRSN UNR A PSDONYM, WORKG AND BUILDG MUNY.HARRY HAY (1912–2002)HARRY HAY WAS A MUNIST ACTIVIST WHO -FOUND THE MATTACHE SOCIETY, THE FIRST ENDURG GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN, 1950. HAY WAS SUBSEQUENTLY DIVORCED BY HIS WIFE, FELLOW MUNIST ANA PLATKY, AND EXPELLED OM THE MUNIST PARTY, WHICH NSIRED HIM A SECURY RISK, A FEW YEARS LATER. THE BURGEONG MATTACHE SOCIETY FORCED HAY AND OTHER MUNIST FOUNRS TO STEP DOWN 1953.HAY NTUED HIS QUEER ACTIVISM FOLLOWG HIS EXPULSN. HE WAS ELECTED THE FIRST CHAIR OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GAY LIBERATN FRONT—A ANT QUEER RIGHTS GROUP—AFTER THE STONEWALL RTS AND -FOUND THE RADIL FAIRI A LATER. HE SPENT HIS LATER YEARS BEG VOLVED NATIVE AMERIN TWO-SPIR ACTIVISM.DEL MART (1921–2008) AND PHYLLIS LYON (1924–2020)NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARYPHYLIS LYON AND DEL MART, CIR 1970.IN 1955, DEL MART AND PHYLLIS LYON -FOUND THE FIRST MAJOR ANIZATN FOR LBIANS THE UNED STAT—THE DGHTERS OF BILIS. THE UPLE SOON LNCHED AND BEME EDORS OF LADR, THE ANIZATN’S NATNAL PUBLITN AND PLATFORM FOR LBIANS TO ANONYMOLY OR OPENLY WRE ABOUT ISSU PERTENT TO THE MUNY. MART AND LYON WERE ALSO THE FIRST LBIAN UPLE TO JO THE NATNAL ORGANIZATN FOR WOMEN.DGHTERS OF BILIS EVENTUALLY SHUTTERED AS THE QUEER RIGHTS MOVEMENT BEME MORE ANT, BUT MART AND LYON NTUED THEIR ACTIVISM. AFTER MORE THAN FIVE S TOGETHER, THE PAIR WERE THE FIRST OF 90 GAY UPL TO BE ILLEGALLY MARRIED BY SAN FRANCIS’S THEN-MAYOR GAV NEWSOM. THEY WERE MARRIED AGA FOUR YEARS LATER, 2008, AFTER CALIFORNIA LEGALIZED SAME-SEX MARRIAGE. DALE JENNGS (1917–2000)A FOUNDG MEMBER OF THE MATTACHE SOCIETY, DALE JENNGS BEME A QUEER RIGHTS HERO WHEN HE PROTTED URT A 1951 CHARGE OF SEXUAL SOLICATN LOS ANGEL. AT THE TIME, ENTRAPMENT BY TECTIV POSG AS GAY MEN BARS, PUBLIC PARKS, AND RTROOMS WAS MON. THOSE CHARGED WH SOLICG POLICE OFFICERS FOR SEX TYPILLY PLEAD GUILTY RATHER THAN FACE BEG OUTED AS GAY. JENNGS, AT HAY’S SUGGTN, FOUGHT THE CHARGE TO BRG ATTENTN TO THE DISCRIMATORY POLICY. IN 1952, THE JURY ADLOCKED FOR ACQUTAL AND THE JUDGE DISMISSED THE CHARGE.THAT YEAR, JENNGS -FOUND ONE INC., WHICH PRODUCED THE NATNAL GAY JOURNAL ONE MAGAZE. IN 1954, A LOS ANGEL POSTMASTER NFISTED THE MAGAZE FOR BEG ''OBSCENE, LEWD, LASCIV AND FILTHY,” WHICH ONE FOUGHT URT. A LOWER URT LED FAVOR OF THE POSTMASTER BUT THE U.S. SUPREME COURT, 1958, UNANIMOLY REVERSED THE CISN, UPHOLDG A NSTUTNAL PROTECTN FOR PRO-GAY WRGS.CHRISTE JENSEN (1926–1989)

But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn.

In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth.

If you scribe yourself as gay, if you joed an LGBTQ society at universy, if you lled the London Lbian and Gay Swchboard, if you have been to a Pri para, or if you ever read Gay News or the magaz that followed , then you have the GLF to thank for. Postal Service, as well as the dissolutn of his went on to live an unassumg life, wrg articl about homosexual opprsn unr a psdonym, workg and buildg Hay (1912–2002)Harry Hay was a munist activist who -found the Mattache Society, the first endurg gay rights anizatn, 1950. Sourc:William Dorsey Swann: The first "Queen of Drag": PBSFrom slavery to vogug: the Hoe of Swann: Natnal Mms LiverpoolHenry Gerber: The Chigo LGBT Hall of FameHenry Gerber: The Legacy ProjectLGBTQ Activism: The Henry Gerber Hoe, Chigo, IL: Natnal Park ServiceThe Incredible Story of Del and Phyllis: Smhsonian MagazeHow the Dghters of Bilis Organized for Lbian Rights: Smhsonian’s Amerin Women’s History MmWilliam Dale Jenngs, 82, Wrer and Gay Rights Pneer: New York TimRadilly Gay, The Life of Harry Hay: San Francis Public LibraryHarry Hay, John Cage, and the Birth of Gay Rights Los Angel: The New YorkerHarry Hay – Nomee: The Legacy ProjectLife Story: Christe Jensen (1926-1989): New York Historil Society Mm & Library.

THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT'S SOCIAL REVOLUTN

Leonard Fk Photographs, The LGBT Communy Center Natnal History ArchiveMark SegalEarly member of the Gay Liberatn Front and marshal of the first Pri marchThe Christopher Street Gay Liberatn Day March was as revolutnary and chaotic as everythg we did that first year after the Stonewall rts.

” Today, my origal marshal’s badge is on display the JayEarly member of the Gay Liberatn Front and Radilbians and -anizer of the first march New York and Los AngelIt was a near miracle that the first Christopher Street Wt Para Los Angel kicked off at all on June 28, 1970. For one day, we were victor agast the Ed Davis of the world, and no one seemed “dismod” the FkelsteJohn KyperEarly member of Boston’s Gay Liberatn Front and an anizer of Boston’s first Pri ParaWe held our first march Boston 1971 — a year after New York.

Groups hosted the 17th ternatnal nference of ILGA (The Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn), and the energy of the ternatnal legat who attend and the excement of hostg the gatherg only add to the drama of the untry’s first actual succsful para. McDarrah/Getty ImagAfter pourg their drks, a bartenr Juli's Bar ref to serve John Timms, Dick Lesch, Craig Rodwell, and Randy Wicker, members of the Mattache Society who were prottg New York liquor laws that prevented servg gay ctomers, 1966, three members of the Mattache Society, an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay rights, staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s. But between New York’s LGBTQ muny the 1960s beg forced to live on the outskirts of society and the Mafia’s disregard for the law, the two beme a profable, if uneasy, State Liquor Authory and the New York Police Department regularly raid bars that tered to gay patrons.

INSI THE FIRST PRI PARA—A R PROTT FOR GAY LIBERATN

Although cril of the "straight left" and often nmned by them, most of saw ourselv as part of the broad anti-palist, anti-imperialist movement, strivg for the emancipatn of all ialistic visn volved creatg a new sexual mocracy, whout homophobia, misogyny, racism and class privilege. It was a nsc, if sometim exaggerated, attempt to renounce the opprsivens and privilege of orthodox masculy and to unrme the way functned to buttrs the subordatn of women and gay dissolutn of straight male machismo was, we argued, the key to endg LGBT and female opprsn.

This transformatn was necsary to allow genr-variant people – both gay and straight – to live their liv eely, whout stigma or ntrast to the gay law reform movement, GLF's strategy for queer emancipatn was to change society's valu and norms, rather than adapt to them.

HISTORY HAS OVERLOOKED THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT’S ROLE STONEWALL … UNTIL NOW

” The same day, a small group of San Francisns marched down Polk Street, then had a “gay-” piic that was broken up by equtrian and other New York groups had spent months planng the Manhattan event wh the help of anizers like Brenda Howard, a bisexual activist who had cut her anizg teeth durg the anti-Vietnam movement of the late 1960s. The first Gay Youth anizatn, GYNY; the first trans anizatn, STAR (Street Transvte Actn Revolutnari); the first LGBT Communy Center on Wt 3rd Street; the first monstratns agast media and police; and a ntual public prence as we took back our streets.

GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT

There were people at Stonewall who passed by, people who crang their necks om around the rner watchg, people who tossed a stone and ran sce the police chased people up and down the street, but the spir of ristance that gave birth to the new movement was all the Gay Liberatn ont. Infightg the anizatn ed a spl and created the Gay Activists Alliance, which beme popular wh historians sce went back to those rpectable lookg homosexuals that they preferred reprent our muny and which were overwhelmgly whe men.

Machismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front2017-09-15T18:07:02Z2017-09-15T18:09:56ZACoreFilen:cj82qf95fnortheastern:drs:library:archivnortheastern:drs:reposory:staffpublic001614785n:cj82ps632n:cj82ps632001614785001614785/downloads/n:m041vs59x? Datastream_id=thumbnail_5ImageMasterFileMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front19701970Gay CommunyHomophobiaGay CommunyHomophobia CommunyHomophobiaMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn FrontMachismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn Frontmachismo mt go so eedom n grow gay liberatn ont1970/01/01Machismo mt go so eedom n grow: Gay Liberatn Front1970Gay CommunyGay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front:fedora/afmol:CoreFile:fedora/n:cj82ps6322017-09-15T18:09:57.

SYLVIA {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}SYLVIA RIVERA WAS A LATA-AMERIN DRAG QUEEN WHO WAS A GAY AND TRANSGENR ACTIVIST THE 1960S AND 70S. SHE'S KNOWN FOR PARTICIPATG THE STONEWALL RTS OF 1969 AND TABLISHG THE POLIL ANIZATN {MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{LE-HEIGHT:1.6;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;LOR:#323232;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: JAN 7, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;--POSN:ABSOLUTE;HEIGHT:TO;} IMG{MAX-WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:TO;} A{POSN:ABSOLUTE;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{BACKGROUND:#C92228;BOTTOM:0;PADDG:.5REM;RIGHT:0;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG:0.39REM;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:1REM;WIDTH:1REM;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{WIDTH:1.063REM;HEIGHT:1.063REM;}}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}PHOTO: AP PHOTO/JT {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;}(1951-2002){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO WAS SYLVIA RIVERA?SYLVIA RIVERA WAS A LATA-AMERIN DRAG QUEEN WHO BEME ONE OF THE MOST RADIL GAY AND TRANSGENR ACTIVISTS OF THE 1960S AND 70S. AS -FOUNR OF THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT, RIVERA WAS KNOWN FOR PARTICIPATG THE {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}STONEWALL RTS OF 1969 AND TABLISHG THE POLIL ANIZATN STAR (STREET TRANSVTE ACTN REVOLUTNARI) WH FELLOW IEND AND DRAG QUEEN, MARSHA P. JOHNSON. THE SYLVIA RIVERA LAW PROJECTIN HONOR OF RIVERA'S ACTIVISM THE GAY AND TRANS MUNY, THE SYLVIA RIVERA LAW PROJECT (SRLP) WAS FOUND 2002 — THE SAME YEAR OF HER ATH. AS A LEGAL AID ANIZATN, SRLP “WORKS TO GUARANTEE ALL PEOPLE ARE EE TO SELF-TERME GENR INTY AND EXPRSN, REGARDLS OF E AND RACE, AND WHOUT FACG HARASSMENT, DISCRIMATN OR VLENCE” BY GIVG GAY, TRANS AND GENR-FLUID DIVIDUALS ACCS TO LEGAL SERVIC, AS WELL AS TEACHG LEARSHIP AND ADVOCY SKILLS. CHILDHOODBORN ON JULY 2, 1951, THE BRONX, NEW YORK, RIVERA HAD A TROUBLED CHILDHOOD. HAILG OM PUERTO RIN AND VENEZUELAN SCENT, RIVERA WAS ABANDONED BY HER FATHER SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH AND ORPHANED AS A TODDLER WHEN HER MOTHER MTED SUICI. RAISED BY HER GRANDMOTHER, RIVERA WAS REJECTED AND BEATEN FOR HER EFFEMATE BEHAVR. BY AGE 11, SHE RAN AWAY OM HOME AND BEME A CHILD PROSTUTE, WORKG THE TIM SQUARE AREA. WHILE LIVG ON THE STREETS, RIVERA MET A GROUP OF DRAG QUEENS WHO WELED HER TO THEIR FOLD, AND WAS WH THEIR SUPPORT, SHE BEME "SYLVIA" AND INTIFIED AS A DRAG QUEEN. LATER LIFE, SHE WOULD NSIR HERSELF TRANSGENR, ALTHOUGH SHE DISLIKED LABELS. {--DATA-EMBED-DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;CLEAR:BOTH;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;WIDTH:100%;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 20REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 30REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 40.625REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 75REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{WIDTH:100%;MARG:0 TO 0.9375REM;}} A SPAN{RIGHT:1REM;} IMG{WIDTH:TO;HEIGHT:85VH;} A{DISPLAY:-WEBK-LE-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-LE-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-LE-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:LE-FLEX;POSN:VAR(--POSN, RELATIVE);} IMG:NOT(.EWCW41W1){DISPLAY:BLOCK;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:TO;-WEBK-ALIGN-SELF:FLEX-START;-MS-FLEX-EM-ALIGN:FLEX-START;ALIGN-SELF:FLEX-START;}{WIDTH:100%;DISPLAY:-WEBK-LE-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-LE-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-LE-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:LE-FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;-WEBK-BOX-PACK:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-PACK:CENTER;-WEBK-JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 20REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 30REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 40.625REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;}}{WIDTH:0;M-WIDTH:100%;PADDG-TOP:0.625REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;MARG-BOTTOM:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.4;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTERITALIC,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;}SYLVIA RIVERA LEADG AN ACT-UP MARCH NEW YORK CY’S ON JUNE 26, {PADDG-LEFT:0REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;}PHOTO: AP PHOTO/JT SUTCLIFFEACTIVISM & THE STONEWALL RTSWH THE SURGE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THE VIETNAM WAR PROTTS OF THE 1960S, RIVERA'S ACTIVISM BEGAN TO TAKE SHAPE. IN 1969, AT AGE 17, SHE TOOK PART THE FAMO STONEWALL RTS BY ALLEGEDLY THROWG THE SEND MOLOTOV CKTAIL PROTT TO A POLICE RAID OF THE GAY BAR THE STONEWALL INN MANHATTAN. THE EVENT WAS ONE OF THE MAJOR TALYSTS OF THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT AND TO FURTHER PH THE AGENDA FORWARD, RIVERA -FOUND THE GROUP, THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT.IN LATER TERVIEWS, SHE REMISCED ABOUT HER SPECIAL PLACE HISTORY. “WE WERE THE ONTLERS. WE DIDN’T TAKE NO S**T OM NOBODY... WE HAD NOTHG TO LOSE.”CO-FOUNR OF STAR WH MARSHA P. JOHNSONALONG WH THE TABLISHMENT OF THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT, RIVERA TEAMED UP WH IEND MARSHA P. JOHNSON TO -FOUND STAR (STREET TRANSVTE ACTN REVOLUTNARI), A GROUP THAT HELPED SUPPORT AND EMPOWER GAY, TRANS, AND GENR-FLUID YOUTH, 1970.DEFIANT OF LABELS, RIVERA NFOUND MANY THE MASTREAM GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT BEE OF HER OWN DIVERSE AND PLEX BACKGROUND: SHE WAS POOR, TRANS, A DRAG QUEEN, A PERSON OF LOR, A FORMER SEX WORKER, AND SOMEONE WHO ALSO EXPERIENCED DG ADDICTN, RCERATN AND HOMELSNS. FOR ALL OF THE REASONS, RIVERA FOUGHT FOR NOT ONLY GAY AND TRANS RIGHTS BUT ALSO RACIAL, ENOMIC AND CRIMAL JTICE ISSU. INIALLY PUBLIC SUPPORT OF THE GAY RIGHTS BILL, RIVERA FELT BETRAYED WHEN THE BILL — WHICH TOOK 17 YEARS TO BEE NEW YORK LAW 1986 — ULTIMATELY EXCLUD THE RIGHTS OF THE TRANSGENR MUNY."THEY HAVE A LTLE BACKROOM AL WHOUT VG MISS SYLVIA AND SOME OF THE OTHER TRANS ACTIVISTS TO THIS BACKROOM AL WH THE POLICIANS. THE AL WAS, 'YOU TAKE THEM OUT, WE’LL PASS THE BILL,'" RIVERA EXPLAED AT AN LGBT TALK 2001.'YA'LL BETTER QUIET DOWN' SPEECHTHE "BACKROOM ALS" RIVERA WAS REFERENCG WERE BEG LED BY GAY MIDDLE-CLASS WHE MEN AS WELL AS LBIAN FEMISTS WHO DIDN'T UNRSTAND NOR SHARED HER PASSN FOR MARGALIZED GROUPS WH THE GAY MUNY. ANGERED BY THEIR LACK OF CLN, RIVERA LIVERED HER FIERY "YA'LL BETTER QUIET DOWN" SPEECH NEW YORK CY AT THE CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATN DAY RALLY WASHGTON SQUARE PARK 1973 AMID BOOS OM THE CROWD: “YOU ALL TELL ME, GO AND HI MY TAIL BETWEEN MY LEGS.I WILL NO LONGER PUT UP WH THIS SH.I HAVE BEEN BEATEN.I HAVE HAD MY NOSE BROKEN.I HAVE BEEN THROWN JAIL.I HAVE LOST MY JOB.I HAVE LOST MY APARTMENT.FOR GAY LIBERATN, AND YOU ALL TREAT ME THIS WAY?WHAT THE F**K’S WRONG WH YOU ALL?THK ABOUT THAT!”FEELG BETRAYED BY THE MOVEMENT SHE HAD FOUGHT SO LONG AND HARD FOR, RIVERA LEFT STAR AND DISAPPEARED OM ACTIVISM FOR THE NEXT 20 YEARS. SHE RETURNED TO FIGHT FOR TRANS ISSU STARTG THE MID-1990S AMID CULTURAL NVERSATNS AROUND ISSU LIKE GAY MARRIAGE AND THE LGBTQ MUNY SERVG THE ARY.ON THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE STONEWALL RTS, RIVERA PARTICIPATED NEW YORK CY'S PRI PARA AND SHARED A FEW THOUGHTS. “THE MOVEMENT HAD PUT ME ON THE SHELF, BUT THEY TOOK ME DOWN AND DTED ME OFF," SHE SAID. “STILL, WAS BETIFUL. I WALKED DOWN 58TH STREET AND THE YOUNG ON WERE LLG OM THE SIWALK, 'SYLVIA, SYLVIA, THANK YOU, WE KNOW WHAT YOU DID.' AFTER THAT, I WENT BACK ON THE SHELF. IT WOULD BE WONRFUL IF THE MOVEMENT TOOK RE OF S OWN.”DEATHON FEBARY 19, 2002, RIVERA DIED OM LIVER NCER AT SAT VCENT'S CATHOLIC MEDIL CENTER NEW YORK, NY.SHE IS NSIRED ONE OF THE PIVOTAL FIGUR WHO ENSURED THE "T" LGBTQ AND THE ONLY TRANSGENR PERSON CLUD THE NATNAL PORTRA GALLERY AT THE SMHSONIAN. {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;MARG:0.9375REM 0 0 0.625REM;PADDG:0 0 0 1.25REM;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:0.9375REM 0;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} LI{PADDG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} LI::MARKER{LOR:#323232;}BIRTH YEAR: 1951BIRTH DATE: JULY 2, 1951BIRTH STATE: NEW YORKBIRTH CY: BRONXBIRTH COUNTRY: UNED STATBT KNOWN FOR: SYLVIA RIVERA WAS A LATA-AMERIN DRAG QUEEN WHO WAS A GAY AND TRANSGENR ACTIVIST THE 1960S AND 70S. SHE'S KNOWN FOR PARTICIPATG THE STONEWALL RTS OF 1969 AND TABLISHG THE POLIL ANIZATN STAR.ASTROLOGIL SIGN: CANCERDEATH YEAR: 2002DEATH DATE: FEBARY 19, 2002DEATH STATE: NEW YORKDEATH CY: NEW YORKDEATH COUNTRY: UNED STATFACT CHECK

691ZWhy Gay LibGay Liberatn Front2017-05-04T20:29:28Z2017-05-04T20:34:28ZACoreFilen:cj82ps739northeastern:drs:library:archivnortheastern:drs:reposory:staffpublic001614785n:cj82ps632n:cj82ps632001614785001614785/downloads/n:m0417f64m?

Datastream_id=thumbnail_5PdfFileWhy Gay LibWhy Gay LibWhy Gay LibWhy Gay LibFlyer produced by the Gay Liberatn Front explag their existence as an 'anti-war' movement agast Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front19701970Gay CommunyGay Communy CommunyWhy Gay LibWhy Gay Libwhy gay lib1970/01/01Why Gay Lib1970Gay CommunyGay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front:fedora/afmol:CoreFile:fedora/n:cj82ps6322017-05-04T20:34:32. 026ZGreetgs om the Gay Liberatn FrontGay Liberatn Front2017-05-04T20:36:00Z2017-05-04T20:41:31ZACoreFilen:cj82ps74knortheastern:drs:library:archivnortheastern:drs:reposory:staffpublic001614785n:cj82ps632n:cj82ps632001614785001614785/downloads/n:m0417f665?

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GAY LIBERATION FRONT

The Gay Liberatn Movement - Bill of Rights Instute</tle><meta name="viewport" ntent="width=vice-width, ial-sle=1.0"/><meta http-equiv="x-ua-patible" ntent="ie=edge"/><meta name="scriptn" ntent=""/><lk rel="nonil" href="><meta name="msapplitn-TileColor" ntent="#ffffff"/><meta name="msapplitn-nfig" ntent="/favin/"/><meta name="theme-lor" ntent="#fff"/><lk rel="apple-touch-in" siz="180x180" href="/favin/"/><lk rel="in" type="image/png" siz="32x32" href="/favin/"/><lk rel="in" type="image/png" siz="16x16" href="/favin/"/><lk rel="manift" href="/favin/"/><lk rel="shortcut in" href="/favin/"/><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary"/><meta name="twter:url" ntent="><meta name="twter:tle" ntent="The Gay Liberatn Movement - Bill of Rights Instute"/><meta name="twter:scriptn" ntent=""/><meta name="twter:image" ntent="><meta name="twter:creator" ntent=""/><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse"/><meta property="og:tle" ntent="The Gay Liberatn Movement - Bill of Rights Instute"/><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent=""/><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="Bill of Rights Instute"/><meta property="og:url" ntent="><meta property="og:image" ntent="><meta name="robots" ntent="x, follow"/><lk rel="prennect" href="//" crossorig="anonymo"/><lk rel="prennect" href="//" crossorig="anonymo"/><lk rel="stylheet preload" href="//;1&fay=Libre+Frankl:al,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap" as="style" type="text/css" crossorig="anonymo"/><script type="applitn/ld+json">{"@ntext":","@type":"CreativeWork","name":"The Gay Liberatn Movement","headle":"The Gay Liberatn Movement","learngRourceType":["say"],"timeRequired":"PT30M","scriptn":"How did the social chang of the 20th century affect the gay populatn?","tnalLevel":{"@type":"Text","name":"9, 10, 11, 12"},"image":","url":"}</script><meta name="next-head-unt" ntent="31"/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-g=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script fer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pag/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pag/says/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/jznQquZPTZMgnW06rqceY/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/jznQquZPTZMgnW06rqceY/" fer=""></script></head><body><div id="__next"><noscript><img alt="" height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="></noscript><div><a class="Navigatn_skipLk__AaICE" href="#ma">Skip to Ma Content</a><nav class="Navigatn_nav__URS8o"><div class="NavigatnDktop_wrapper__NlqtO"><div class="NavigatnDktop_ntaer__wvBeY ntaer"><ul class="NavigatnDktop_ems__OPVyo"><li><a aria-label="Bill of Rights Homepage" class="NavigatnDktop_logoLk__XQA" href="/"><svg width="645" height="213" viewBox="0 0 645 213" fill="none" xmlns="><path d="M620.319 12.2531C625.309 12.2531 628.427 15.2589 630.818 22.3104L643.704 18.5779C641.208 8.00298 633.415 0.433228 620.63 0.433228C605.769 0.433228 598.081 8.52067 598.081 21.3772C598.081 32.8803 607.738 38.1279 616.444 42.8582C623.587 46.7398 630.09 50.2731 630.09 56.6287C630.09 62.2286 626.244 65.5444 621.257 65.5444C616.994 65.5444 611.799 62.3303 610.137 53.3097L595.999 56.3187C599.847 71.0396 608.888 77.3643 620.529 77.3643C635.599 77.3643 644.432 68.8653 644.432 56.0055C644.432 42.1784 633.284 36.2217 624.145 31.3388C617.799 27.9475 612.421 25.0743 612.421 20.4422C612.421 15.3638 615.23 12.2531 620.319 12.2531Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M446.22 70.109C442.374 74.4614 438.219 77.3656 432.812 77.3656C418.888 77.3656 409.117 70.7308 409.117 52.2743V25.5251C409.117 7.07048 418.888 0.433848 432.812 0.433848C447.468 0.433848 455.366 8.83127 455.886 25.8351H441.544C441.544 16.1927 438.01 13.0821 432.813 13.0821C427.098 13.0821 423.458 15.3644 423.458 23.6576V54.1418C423.458 62.4344 427.098 64.7174 432.813 64.7174C438.219 64.7174 441.544 60.7784 441.544 54.3502V49.7868H431.462V37.9682H455.885V76.3289H448.403L446.22 70.109Z" fill="whe"></path><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M20.8017 1.46989H0.639841V76.3283H21.6332C36.807 76.3283 46.7844 69.5907 46.7844 54.7631C46.7844 45.4306 43.6657 41.284 35.7678 36.3084C41.7944 32.6776 45.0175 27.2859 45.0175 20.756C45.0175 7.89818 36.1836 1.46989 20.8017 1.46989ZM21.0105 64.5103H14.9827V42.9431H19.9701C27.4535 42.9431 32.441 46.4673 32.441 53.6235C32.441 60.1547 28.4914 64.5103 21.0105 64.5103ZM19.9701 31.1232H14.9827V13.2904H20.6979C27.4541 13.2904 30.674 16.8177 30.674 22.311C30.674 27.3927 26.415 31.1232 19.9701 31.1232Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M62.8999 1.47051H77.2414V76.3289H62.8999V1.47051Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M96.161 76.3289V1.47051H110.504V63.6807H133.576V76.3289H96.161Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M147.506 1.47051V76.3289H184.92V63.6807H161.848V1.47051H147.506Z" fill="whe"></path><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M220.2 36.2767C221.199 34.183 222.468 32.3778 224.008 30.8596C225.547 29.3466 227.255 28.1492 229.135 27.2707C231.014 26.3967 232.813 25.9558 234.532 25.9558C236.092 25.9558 237.45 26.2753 238.61 26.9144C239.768 27.5534 240.728 28.369 241.489 29.3656C242.247 30.3642 242.806 31.4592 243.167 32.656C243.527 33.8546 243.707 35.012 243.707 36.1242C243.707 38.4389 243.206 40.6227 242.207 42.6764C241.208 44.73 239.949 46.5359 238.43 48.0934C236.91 49.6465 235.222 50.8718 233.363 51.7719C231.503 52.6682 229.736 53.1153 228.057 53.1153C226.617 53.1153 225.327 52.8358 224.188 52.2775C223.049 51.723 222.069 50.9836 221.25 50.0663C220.429 49.1478 219.8 48.0807 219.36 46.8649C218.92 45.6491 218.701 44.3616 218.701 43.0054C218.7 40.6126 219.199 38.3697 220.2 36.2767ZM224.127 50.8718C225.107 51.8494 226.354 52.3391 227.875 52.3391C229.114 52.3391 230.274 51.9796 231.353 51.2631C232.434 50.5428 233.412 49.5969 234.293 48.4212C235.171 47.2435 235.95 45.9369 236.63 44.5013C237.311 43.0645 237.88 41.6308 238.34 40.1952C238.797 38.7584 239.149 37.4022 239.389 36.1242C239.629 34.8493 239.749 33.8127 239.749 33.0168C239.749 31.1029 239.34 29.5848 238.521 28.4693C237.702 27.352 236.271 26.7937 234.233 26.7937C233.073 26.7937 231.974 27.1354 230.935 27.8113C229.894 28.4903 228.946 29.3783 228.086 30.474C227.227 31.571 226.458 32.8186 225.777 34.211C225.099 35.6097 224.528 37.0338 224.069 38.4884C223.609 39.9475 223.258 41.3621 223.019 42.7354C222.78 44.1138 222.661 45.3201 222.661 46.3567C222.66 48.3907 223.147 49.8942 224.127 50.8718Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M260.255 16.9848C259.095 18.9794 258.196 21.1314 257.557 23.4429L256.658 26.7359H250.962L250.722 27.5737H256.42L249.823 52.2788C248.422 57.3858 246.955 61.0827 245.416 63.3784C243.877 65.6702 242.268 66.8148 240.588 66.8148C240.069 66.8148 239.641 66.6967 239.299 66.4585C238.961 66.2196 238.789 65.8385 238.789 65.3202C238.789 64.7606 238.891 64.2518 239.091 63.7957C239.289 63.3377 239.39 62.888 239.39 62.451C239.39 61.8107 239.229 61.3927 238.908 61.1939C238.589 60.9919 238.171 60.8934 237.65 60.8934C236.691 60.8934 235.981 61.1716 235.521 61.7313C235.062 62.289 234.833 62.9471 234.833 63.7068C234.833 64.5046 234.993 65.1519 235.311 65.6492C235.631 66.1479 236.031 66.5487 236.511 66.846C236.99 67.1464 237.52 67.3548 238.1 67.4754C238.68 67.5929 239.228 67.652 239.748 67.652C241.508 67.652 243.176 67.1064 244.756 66.0081C246.336 64.9098 247.792 63.4457 249.132 61.6131C250.471 59.7755 251.661 57.6628 252.701 55.2706C253.738 52.8771 254.599 50.4036 255.279 47.8507L260.616 27.5731H267.993L268.231 26.7352H260.856L262.114 22.1878C262.395 21.1511 262.835 19.8274 263.436 18.2108C264.033 16.5942 264.814 15.0093 265.773 13.455C266.733 11.8968 267.891 10.5635 269.251 9.44745C270.611 8.32948 272.19 7.77177 273.989 7.77177C274.587 7.77177 275.118 7.87976 275.579 8.09891C276.036 8.31996 276.267 8.76651 276.267 9.44681C276.267 9.76632 276.197 10.0445 276.057 10.2827C275.916 10.5229 275.757 10.7712 275.579 11.0317C275.397 11.2927 275.227 11.5678 275.069 11.8695C274.908 12.1668 274.828 12.518 274.828 12.9138C274.828 13.3559 275.016 13.7421 275.397 14.0806C275.776 14.4224 276.407 14.5894 277.286 14.5894C278.325 14.5894 279.034 14.2521 279.415 13.5718C279.794 12.8966 279.983 12.2163 279.983 11.5405C279.983 11.059 279.873 10.5533 279.654 10.0147C279.434 9.47413 279.085 8.97803 278.604 8.51878C278.126 8.05952 277.525 7.68094 276.805 7.38049C276.087 7.08194 275.207 6.93394 274.168 6.93394C272.448 6.93394 270.73 7.36143 269.011 8.21832C267.293 9.07649 265.692 10.2529 264.213 11.7488C262.735 13.2428 261.415 14.9896 260.255 16.9848Z" fill="whe"></path><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M347.062 76.3289L334.589 45.8479H327.732V76.3289H313.388V1.47051H334.176C351.427 1.47051 359.639 9.7663 359.639 23.866C359.639 33.1965 356.312 39.938 348.31 42.9438L362.445 76.3289H347.062ZM327.732 34.028H335.111C341.451 34.028 345.297 30.9155 345.297 23.6576C345.297 16.401 341.451 13.2904 335.111 13.2904H327.732V34.028Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M377.21 1.47051H391.552V76.3289H377.21V1.47051Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M474.184 1.47051V76.3289H488.527V43.9798H508.792V76.3289H523.134V1.47051H508.792V31.3316H488.527V1.47051H474.184Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M585.397 1.46989V14.1213H568.663V76.3283H554.319V14.1213H537.586V1.46989H585.397Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M644.01 102.269H0.599735V110.884H644.01V102.269Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M0.572998 137.085H14.9164V211.943H0.572998V137.085Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M55.2452 211.943V137.085H70.9379L90.8915 181.46H91.1003V137.085H104.195V211.943H90.4776L68.5482 163.627H68.3394V211.943H55.2452Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M164.898 147.868C169.888 147.868 173.005 150.877 175.397 157.926L188.283 154.193C185.789 143.618 177.996 136.048 165.212 136.048C150.35 136.048 142.66 144.136 142.66 156.992C142.66 168.498 152.318 173.745 161.023 178.475C168.167 182.356 174.669 185.889 174.669 192.246C174.669 197.844 170.824 201.162 165.836 201.162C161.573 201.162 156.378 197.947 154.716 188.925L140.581 191.934C144.426 206.655 153.469 212.98 165.108 212.98C180.178 212.98 189.011 204.48 189.011 191.621C189.011 177.794 177.863 171.838 168.725 166.956C162.378 163.565 157 160.693 157 156.061C157 150.979 159.808 147.868 164.898 147.868Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M270.708 137.085V149.735H253.975V211.944H239.635V149.735H222.901V137.085H270.708Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M305.846 137.085H320.187V211.943H305.846V137.085Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M403.125 137.085V149.735H386.395V211.944H372.053V149.735H355.32V137.085H403.125Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M452.608 189.443V137.085H438.266V189.548C438.266 206.033 447.932 212.98 462.689 212.98C477.446 212.98 487.214 206.034 487.214 189.548V137.085H472.873V189.443C472.873 196.6 469.652 200.332 462.689 200.332C455.725 200.332 452.608 196.6 452.608 189.443Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M570.159 137.085V149.735H553.427V211.944H539.082V149.735H522.349V137.085H570.159Z" fill="whe"></path><path d="M604.464 137.085V211.943H644.789V199.295H618.806V179.594H637.826V166.946H618.806V149.736H643.749V137.085H604.464Z" fill="whe"></path></svg></a></li><li><button aria-ntrols="navigatn-rourc" aria-expand="false">Rourc</button><div aria-hidn="te" class="NavigatnDropdown_dropdown__4Ku4b" id="navigatn-rourc" style="height:0px"><div class="ntaer NavigatnDropdown_ntent__ntN_v"><div class="Rourc_rourc__Uqebi" data-menu="rourc"><div class="Rourc_rds__zAMXR"><div class="Rourc_rd__q4_kP"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg"><a href="/curricula/life-liberty-and-the-pursu-of-happs">Life, Liberty, and the Pursu of Happs</a></h2><p class="Rourc_scriptn__VWbaZ">BRI’s Comprehensive US History digal textbook</p></div><div class="Rourc_rd__q4_kP"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg"><a href="/curricula/documents-of-eedom">Documents of Freedom</a></h2><p class="Rourc_scriptn__VWbaZ">BRI’s primary-source civics and ernment rource</p></div><div class="Rourc_rd__q4_kP"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg"><a href="/curricula/hero-villas">Hero & Villas</a></h2><p class="Rourc_scriptn__VWbaZ">BRI’s character tn narrative-based rource</p></div></div><div class="Rourc_lkGroups__2cu8V"><div class="Rourc_lkGroup__3oFEX"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg">BRI Curricula</h2><ul><li><a href="/curricula/beg-an-amerin">Beg an Amerin</a></li><li><a href="/curricula/the-plat-mands-of-jtice-documents-for-dialogue-on-the-ain-amerin-experience">Plat Demands of Jtice</a></li><li><a href="/curricula/prints-and-the-nstutn">Prints and the Constutn</a></li><li><a href="/curricula/supreme-urt-document-based-qutns">Supreme Court DBQs</a></li><li><a href="/curricula/vot-for-women">Vot for Women</a></li><li><a href="/curricula">Full Library...</a></li></ul></div><div class="Rourc_lkGroup__3oFEX"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg">Curriculum Components</h2><ul><li><a href="/current-events">Current Events</a></li><li><a href="/says">Essays</a></li><li><a href="/lsons">Lsons</a></li><li><a href="/primary-sourc">Primary Sourc</a></li><li><a href="/vios">Vios</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="Rourc_lkGroups__2cu8V"><div class="Rourc_lkGroup__3oFEX"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg">Edutor Opportuni</h2><ul><li><a href=">Edutor eLearng</a></li><li><a href="/events">Programs & Events</a></li><li><a href="/bill-of-rights-stute-teacher-uncil">Teacher Council</a></li></ul></div><div class="Rourc_lkGroup__3oFEX"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg">Stunt Opportuni</h2><ul><li><a href="/nstutnal-amy">Constutnal Amy</a></li><li><a href="/my-impact-challenge">My Impact Challenge</a></li><li><a href="/ttv">Thk the Vote</a></li><li><a href="/we-the-stunts-say-ntt">We the Stunts Contt</a></li></ul></div><div class="Rourc_lkGroup__3oFEX"><h2 class="Rourc_tle__I1gOg">BRI News</h2><ul><li><a href="/blog">Official BRI Blog</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><button class="NavigatnDropdown_closeButton__N_2Xf btn-close-menu" type="button"><svg fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M12 8L6 14L7.41 15.41L12 10.83L16.59 15.41L18 14L12 8Z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Close menu</span></button></div></li><li><button aria-ntrols="navigatn-events" aria-expand="false">Events</button><div aria-hidn="te" class="NavigatnDropdown_dropdown__4Ku4b" id="navigatn-events" style="height:0px"><div class="ntaer NavigatnDropdown_ntent__ntN_v"><div class="Events_rourc__2nF_r" data-menu="rourc"><div class="Events_wrapperLeft__4ebqy"><h2 class="Events_tle__fj1et">Upg Events</h2><div class="Events_bodyWrapper__RgaZ1"><p class="Events_body__RiiOm">Explore our upg webars, events and programs.</p><a class="Button_button__jYOrq Button_md__IViwo Button_inFilled__Gahyk" aria-label="View All Events" href="/events"><span class="Button_text__uiEfZ">View All Events</span></a></div><sectn data-block="NetflixCaroel" class="NetflixCaroel_ntaer__RzI56"><div class="NetflixCaroel_hear__6BvIm"><div class="NetflixCaroel_text__TPSLE"></div><div class="NetflixCaroel_ntrols__xV0Lb"></div></div><div class="swiper NetflixCaroel_roel__Fda"><div class="swiper-wrapper"><div class="swiper-sli"><a class="CardEvent_eventCard__6lu3x" draggable="false" href="><div class="CardEvent_rdContent__sy2Nh"><div class="CardEvent_rdTag__qT61y">Event</div><div class="CardEvent_rdDateTime__4Hqht"><span class="CardEvent_date__ey5DH">Sep 16 - Sep 17</span><span class="CardEvent_time__zMpIa">9:00 AM - 12:30 PM EDT</span></div><h3 class="CardEvent_rdTle__qOYcK">Pennsylvania Civics Summ</h3></div><div class="CardEvent_rdFooter__HcKwB"><span class="CardEvent_rdLotn__6NHVR"><svg fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><tle>Event lotn in</tle><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9C5 14.25 12 22 12 22C12 22 19 14.25 19 9C19 5.13 15.87 2 12 2ZM12 11.5C10.62 11.5 9.5 10.38 9.5 9C9.5 7.62 10.62 6.5 12 6.5C13.38 6.5 14.5 7.62 14.5 9C14.5 10.38 13.38 11.5 12 11.5Z"></path></svg>Valley Fe, PA</span></div></a></div><div class="swiper-sli"><a class="CardEvent_eventCard__6lu3x" draggable="false" href="><div class="CardEvent_rdContent__sy2Nh"><div class="CardEvent_rdTag__qT61y">Event</div><div class="CardEvent_rdDateTime__4Hqht"><span class="CardEvent_date__ey5DH">Sep 19</span><span class="CardEvent_time__zMpIa">8:00 AM - 3:00 PM MDT</span></div><h3 class="CardEvent_rdTle__qOYcK">Beg an Amerin: Explorg the Ials that Une Us</h3></div><div class="CardEvent_rdFooter__HcKwB"><span class="CardEvent_rdLotn__6NHVR"><svg fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><tle>Event lotn in</tle><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9C5 14.25 12 22 12 22C12 22 19 14.25 19 9C19 5.13 15.87 2 12 2ZM12 11.5C10.62 11.5 9.5 10.38 9.5 9C9.5 7.62 10.62 6.5 12 6.5C13.38 6.5 14.5 7.62 14.5 9C14.5 10.38 13.38 11.5 12 11.5Z"></path></svg>Columbia, MO</span></div></a></div><div class="swiper-sli"><a class="CardEvent_eventCard__6lu3x" draggable="false" href="><div class="CardEvent_rdContent__sy2Nh"><div class="CardEvent_rdTag__qT61y">Event</div><div class="CardEvent_rdDateTime__4Hqht"><span class="CardEvent_date__ey5DH">Sep 23</span><span class="CardEvent_time__zMpIa">8:00 AM - 3:00 PM EDT</span></div><h3 class="CardEvent_rdTle__qOYcK">Gee Mason Teacher Semar - Feralism Amy</h3></div><div class="CardEvent_rdFooter__HcKwB"><span class="CardEvent_rdLotn__6NHVR"><svg fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><tle>Event lotn in</tle><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9C5 14.25 12 22 12 22C12 22 19 14.25 19 9C19 5.13 15.87 2 12 2ZM12 11.5C10.62 11.5 9.5 10.38 9.5 9C9.5 7.62 10.62 6.5 12 6.5C13.38 6.5 14.5 7.62 14.5 9C14.5 10.38 13.38 11.5 12 11.5Z"></path></svg>Arlgton, VA</span></div></a></div><div class="swiper-sli"><a class="CardEvent_eventCard__6lu3x" draggable="false" href="><div class="CardEvent_rdContent__sy2Nh"><div class="CardEvent_rdTag__qT61y">Event</div><div class="CardEvent_rdDateTime__4Hqht"><span class="CardEvent_date__ey5DH">Sep 30</span><span class="CardEvent_time__zMpIa">8:00 AM - 3:00 PM MDT</span></div><h3 class="CardEvent_rdTle__qOYcK">Beg an Amerin: Explorg the Ials that Une Us</h3></div><div class="CardEvent_rdFooter__HcKwB"><span class="CardEvent_rdLotn__6NHVR"><svg fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><tle>Event lotn in</tle><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9C5 14.25 12 22 12 22C12 22 19 14.25 19 9C19 5.13 15.87 2 12 2ZM12 11.5C10.62 11.5 9.5 10.38 9.5 9C9.5 7.62 10.62 6.5 12 6.5C13.38 6.5 14.5 7.62 14.5 9C14.5 10.38 13.38 11.5 12 11.5Z"></path></svg>Denver , CO</span></div></a></div></div></div></sectn></div></div></div><button class="NavigatnDropdown_closeButton__N_2Xf btn-close-menu" type="button"><svg fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M12 8L6 14L7.41 15.41L12 10.83L16.59 15.41L18 14L12 8Z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Close menu</span></button></div></li><li><button aria-ntrols="navigatn-support" aria-expand="false">Support BRI</button><div aria-hidn="te" class="NavigatnDropdown_dropdown__4Ku4b" id="navigatn-support" style="height:0px"><div class="ntaer NavigatnDropdown_ntent__ntN_v"><div class="Support_support__TRK5Z" data-menu="support"><div class="Support_wrapperLeft__OBLRd"><h2 class="Support_tle__ln4Ne">Invt In Our Future</h2><p class="Support_body__lViv8">The most effective way to secure a eer Ameri wh more opportuny for all is through engagg, tg, and empowerg our youth. And the most effective way to achieve that is through vtg The Bill of Rights Instute. We ntribute to teachers and stunts by providg valuable rourc, tools, and experienc that promote civic engagement through a historil amework. You n be a part of this excg work by makg a donatn to The Bill of Rights Instute today!</p></div><div class="Support_divir__or_Pk"></div><div class="Support_wrapperRight__ngj__"><div class="CtaIlltratn_ctaIlltratn__tyIcD Support_supportCta__Jz7M8"><div><img class="CtaIlltratn_illtratn__PIs9r" src="/illtratn-svgs/" alt="teacher-light-alt" aria-hidn="te" loadg="lazy"/></div><div><h3 class="CtaIlltratn_tle__M6epG CtaIlltratn_sansSerif__xSPZ7">Support now</h3><p class="CtaIlltratn_body__AEPSA">Make your vtment to the lears of tomorrow through the Bill of Rights Instute today!</p><a class="Button_button__jYOrq Button_sm__gBJEY Button_inFilled__Gahyk" aria-label="Make a Donatn" href="><span class="Button_text__uiEfZ">Make a Donatn</span></a></div></div><div class="CtaIlltratn_ctaIlltratn__tyIcD Support_supportCta__Jz7M8"><div><img class="CtaIlltratn_illtratn__PIs9r" src="/illtratn-svgs/" alt="teacher-light-alt" aria-hidn="te" loadg="lazy"/></div><div><h3 class="CtaIlltratn_tle__M6epG CtaIlltratn_sansSerif__xSPZ7">Ways to partner wh BRI</h3><p class="CtaIlltratn_body__AEPSA">Learn more about the different ways you n partner wh the Bill of Rights Instute.</p><a class="Button_button__jYOrq Button_sm__gBJEY Button_inFilled__Gahyk" aria-label="Learn More" href="/support"><span class="Button_text__uiEfZ">Learn More</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><button class="NavigatnDropdown_closeButton__N_2Xf btn-close-menu" type="button"><svg fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M12 8L6 14L7.41 15.41L12 10.83L16.59 15.41L18 14L12 8Z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Close menu</span></button></div></li><li><button aria-ntrols="navigatn-about" aria-expand="false">About BRI</button><div aria-hidn="te" class="NavigatnDropdown_dropdown__4Ku4b" id="navigatn-about" style="height:0px"><div class="ntaer NavigatnDropdown_ntent__ntN_v"><div class="About_about__r_vPf" data-menu="about"><div class="About_wrapperLeft__VTR2N"><div class="CtaIlltratn_ctaIlltratn__tyIcD About_aboutCta__5nuaX"><div><img class="CtaIlltratn_illtratn__PIs9r" src="/illtratn-svgs/" alt="exams" aria-hidn="te" loadg="lazy"/></div><div><h3 class="CtaIlltratn_tle__M6epG CtaIlltratn_serif__cD9XI">About BRI</h3><p class="CtaIlltratn_body__AEPSA">The Bill of Rights Instute teach civics. We equip stunts and teachers to live the ials of a ee and jt society.</p><a class="Button_button__jYOrq Button_sm__gBJEY Button_inFilled__Gahyk" aria-label="Learn More" href="/about-bri"><span class="Button_text__uiEfZ">Learn More</span></a></div></div></div><div class="About_divir__U0Pv9"></div><div class="About_wrapperRight__idBHt"><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/team-members">Board and Staff</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/faq">FAQs</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/statement-of-amic-tegry">Statement of Amic Integry</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/jo-our-team">Jo Our Team</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/requt-profsnal-velopment">Requt Profsnal Development</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/support/fancial-acuntabily-and-transparency">Fancials and Transparency</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/prs-rmatn">Prs Informatn</a><a class="Lk_lk__l_5Zr text-lk-regular-md Lk_sendary__yu2jl mb-8 About_lkWhe__H1X" href="/about-bri/ntact-">Contact Us</a></div></div></div><button class="NavigatnDropdown_closeButton__N_2Xf btn-close-menu" type="button"><svg fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M12 8L6 14L7.41 15.41L12 10.83L16.59 15.41L18 14L12 8Z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Close menu</span></button></div></li></ul><div class="NavigatnDktop_emsRight__4aS"><div class="NavigatnSearch_search__UGvUK"><button aria-expand="false" aria-ntrols="navigatn-search" class="NavigatnSearch_searchToggleButton__yLNXX"><svg fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M15.5 14H14.71L14.43 13.73C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5C16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3C5.91 3 3 5.91 3 9.5C3 13.09 5.91 16 9.5 16C11.11 16 12.59 15.41 13.73 14.43L14 14.71V15.5L19 20.49L20.49 19L15.5 14ZM9.5 14C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5C5 7.01 7.01 5 9.5 5C11.99 5 14 7.01 14 9.5C14 11.99 11.99 14 9.5 14Z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Open search bar</span></button><div class="NavigatnSearch_searchForm__9cG17" id="navigatn-search"><sectn class="AlgoliaSearch_algoliaSearch__duq_q" id="se-search"><div class="ais-SearchBox AlgoliaSearch_aisSearchBox__IrZpD"><form novalidate="" class="ais-SearchBox-form" actn="" role="search"><put type="search" placeholr="Search rourc..." toComplete="off" toCorrect="off" toCapalize="off" spellcheck="false" required="" maxLength="512" class="ais-SearchBox-put" value=""/><button type="subm" tle="Subm Search Query." class="ais-SearchBox-subm"><svg class="ais-SearchBox-submIn" xmlns=" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 40 40" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M26.804 29.01c-2.832 2.34-6.465 3.746-10.426 3.746C7.333 32.756 0 25.424 0 16.378 0 7.333 7.333 0 16.378 0c9.046 0 16.378 7.333 16.378 16.378 0 3.96-1.406 7.594-3.746 10.426l10.534 10.534c.607.607.61 1.59-.004 2.202-.61.61-1.597.61-2.202.004L26.804 29.01zm-10.426.627c7.323 0 13.26-5.936 13.26-13.26 0-7.32-5.937-13.257-13.26-13.257C9.056 3.12 3.12 9.056 3.12 16.378c0 7.323 5.936 13.26 13.258 13.26z"></path></svg></button><button type="ret" tle="Clear Search Query" class="ais-SearchBox-ret" hidn=""><svg class="ais-SearchBox-retIn" xmlns=" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="10" height="10" aria-hidn="te"><path d="M8.114 10L.944 2.83 0 1.885 1.886 0l.943.943L10 8.113l7.17-7.17.944-.943L20 1.886l-.943.943-7.17 7.17 7.17 7.17.943.944L18.114 20l-.943-.943-7.17-7.17-7.17 7.17-.944.943L0 18.114l.943-.943L8.113 10z"></path></svg></button></form></div><div class="AlgoliaSearch_aisDropmenu__DjiVE">0</div></sectn></div></div></div></div></div></nav></div><ma id="ma"><article class="LayoutCpt_layoutCpt__Ya7yl"><div class="LayoutCpt_hear__JHT1P"><div class="ntaer"><nav aria-label="Breadcmbs"><script type="applitn/ld+json">{"@ntext":","@type":"BreadcmbList","emListElement":[[{"@type":"ListItem","posn":1,"name":"Rourc Library","em":"/rourc-library"},{"@type":"ListItem","posn":2,"name":"Life, Liberty, and the Pursu of Happs","em":"/curricula/life-liberty-and-the-pursu-of-happs/"},{"@type":"ListItem","posn":3,"name":"Chapter 15: 1968-1980","em":"/uns/chapter-15-1968-1980/"},{"@type":"ListItem","posn":4,"name":"The Gay Liberatn Movement","em":"/says/the-gay-liberatn-movement/"}]]}</script><ol class="py-36 Breadcmbs_breadcmbs__iHt5z"><li class="Breadcmbs_em__K6HgX"><div class="Breadcmbs_emCenter__PP2Mo"><a class="Button_button__jYOrq Breadcmbs_button__zPb8A Button_lg__Fkbu2 Button_outleBlue__w_qCp" href="/rourc-library"><span class="Breadcmbs_type__suFdo">Page:</span><span class="Breadcmbs_tle__KrBrE">Rourc Library</span></a><svg fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" prerveAspectRat="none" aria-hidn="te" class="Breadcmbs_separator__LoIxC"><tle>Arrow in.

TOP