The Stonewall Rts Didn’t Start the Gay Rights Movement - JSTOR Daily

Contents:

• 'THEY BEAT YOU WH THEIR BATON': A VETERAN OF THE STONEWALL RTS AND THE FIRST PRI MARCH SHAR WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE FOR GAY AMERINS BEFORE THE UPRISG
• GAY RIGHTS BEFORE STONEWALL
• #FLASHBACKFRIDAY – THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT. [VTAGE VIO CLIPS]
• PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI
• THE STONEWALL RTS DIDN’T START THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

'THEY BEAT YOU WH THEIR BATON': A VETERAN OF THE STONEWALL RTS AND THE FIRST PRI MARCH SHAR WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE FOR GAY AMERINS BEFORE THE UPRISG

1965: Philalphia – Dewey’s Rtrant S-InDewey's rtrant Philalphia, Pennsylvania as appeared May April 25, 1965, the 17th Street lotn of Dewey’s rtrant Philalphia nied service to approximately 150 people who appeared to be gay or genr non-nformg. McDarrah/Getty ImagAfter pourg their drks, a bartenr Juli's Bar ref to serve John Timms, Dick Lesch, Craig Rodwell, and Randy Wicker, members of the Mattache Society who were prottg New York liquor laws that prevented servg gay ctomers, 1966. McDarrah/Getty Imag)In sprg 1966, members of the early gay rights anizatn Mattache Society staged a “sip-”—a twist on “s-” prott— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

In a letter to Hirschfeld, she said: "It is a tragedy, I feel, that people of a different sexual type are ught a world which shows so ltle unrstandg for homosexuals and is so crassly different to the var gradatns and variatns of genr and their great signifince life. Amelia Earhart and openly gay reporter Lorena Hickok are jt two of the women wh whom former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt was mored to have had closeted affairs, the latter wh whom she exchanged more than 3, 300 letters over a 30-year perd; Roosevelt and Hickok allegedly began an affair om 1932 to 1938.

There has been extensive speculatn about the former first lady's sexualy over the years, however, some have argued 's irrelevant when discsg her ntributn to the gay rights movement, particularly given her posn of power. What began as a safe space for women to meet whout the risk of police raids at gay bars quickly morphed to a full-blown polil anizatn that created other polil offshoots cludg The Ladr—the first natnally distributed lbian publitn—which enuraged women to "take off their masks.

GAY RIGHTS BEFORE STONEWALL

"If you had told me s ago that the gay liberatn movement would get to this pot, where we'd go om beg arrted, evicted, fired om our jobs for beg gay to now the Supreme Court lg we n't be discrimated agast at work, I wouldn't believe you! In the Tim, John Harwood ntrasted the black and femist movements whose history go back long before the Civil War wh “the morn fight for gay rights” which he believ is “ls than a half-century old, datg om the 1969 Stonewall uprisg  New York.

Ostensibly memoratg the birth of the gay liberatn movement, Pri also pots to the outsize fluence of Stonewall as a sgular talyst for sparkg LGBTQ yet, there were activists advotg for LGBTQ Amerins s before the gay liberatn movement of the 1960s.

This history has been largely fotten, bee their work was tied to a radil social movement criqug to the Cold War and the “Red Sre, ” gay rights activists ma a lculated cisn the 1950s to cut ti wh this movement and to purge this history om the story of the fight for LGBTQ rights.

#FLASHBACKFRIDAY – THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT. [VTAGE VIO CLIPS]

While that strategy might have been polilly advantageo for some, reclaimg radil queer history is sential to unrstandg the full spe of LGBTQ liv and polics the 20th 1932, leftist journalist John Ptman published “Prejudice Agast Homosexuals” his radil Black newspaper, the Spokman.

“What Negro and homosexuals both sire, ” Ptman wrote, “is to be regard as human begs wh the rights and liberti of human begs, cludg the right to be let alone, to enjoy life the way most agreeable and pleasant, to live secure om terference and sult.

PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI

As a Black leftist who was mted to revolutnary polics, Ptman well unrstood how prejudice stctured Amerin life, and he was unyieldg his opposn to all s reason that leftists — munists, socialists, anarchists and labor anizers pecially — ncerned themselv wh sexual polics was bee radils often found themselv shared urban spac wh gay men and lbians, notably lol YMCAs and public parks. Acrdg to Jim Kepner, a gay leftist journalist, plac such as Pershg Square Los Angel were available for “public open-air bate, officially signated as a ‘ee speech area, ’ ostensibly ee om police harassment of people whose views they might fd offensive, and also popular for gay cisg.

In fact, sexualy and munist leangs were both thgs that kept people such man was Ted Rolfs, a member of the Mare Cooks and Stewards (MCS), a radil labor unn that was well-known the 1940s for s disproportnately Black and gay membership. ” Gay men such as Will Aalto and David McKelvy Whe joed ternatnal soldiers the Abraham Lln Briga to fight fascism the Spanish Civil 1951, was out of this populist i that a group of former munists built on their experienc opposg fascism to form Mattache, an anizatn explicly advotg for gay rights. But s fluence was no ls signifint shapg the fledglg homophile movement, an emergent terie of new anizatns sharg the goal of advancg gay rights through full-throated claims to and anti-munist nservativ voked historil nnectns between radils and gay men and lbians to discred both groups.

While earlier leftists had fold gay men and lbians to a movement advotg for the end of predatory palism, the advance of racial jtice and the liberatn of the workg class, the homophile movement sid wh those who saw gay rights as disnnected om broar revolutnary stggl. Her discharge om the ary over her homosexualy had turned her to an Tob/The New York Public LibraryPublished July 19, 2023Updated July 23, 2023Lilli Vcenz, who beme a gay rights activist the hhed, reprsive era before the Stonewall rebelln of 1969, when such a ncept srcely existed, makg a mark as a newspaper edor, documentary filmmaker and psychotherapist voted to L. Vicenz beme, by most acunts, the first lbian to picket the Whe Hoe support of equal rights for gay people as a member of the Mattache Society of Washgton, an early gay rights prott — the first of s kd, acrdg to the Library of Congrs — and others that followed were small but brought visibily to a movement s fancy.

THE STONEWALL RTS DIDN’T START THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Vcenz beme the first out lbian to appear on the ver of a natnal gay magaze, The Ladr, a publitn produced by the untry’s first lbian-rights group, the Dghters of Bilis, acrdg to a retrospective on her life and reer by Lillian Farman, a historian of lbian and gay her scbbed, all-Amerin looks, Dr. Vcenz looked like “every mother’s dream dghter, ” as Barbara Gtgs, The Ladr’s edor, put Vcenz also ntributed to the e on the other si of a mera, makg two 16-limeter films that were later hailed as signifint artifacts of the early gay rights first, tled “The Send-Largt Mory, ” documents a Mattache Society prott ont of Inpennce Hall Philalphia on July 4, morn ey, the black-and-whe film, roughly seven mut, seems anythg but seismic. It was Washgton — not Bethda, Md., where is we handle rrectnsA versn of this article appears prt on, Sectn A, Page 20 of the New York edn wh the headle: Lilli Vcenz, a Trailblazer the Gay Rights Movement, Di at 85.

Now that the Stonewall Inn is the Uned Stat' first natnal monument to LGBT rights, we look at how the muny fought agast raids, harassment, and discrimatory June 28, 1969, police raid the Stonewall Inn, attackg s gay and transgenr ctomers (a mon practice at the time). Today, his apartment is a natnal historic ’ In 1966, the New York Cy chapter of the Mattache Society—a gay rights anizatn—cid to challenge the New York Liquor Authory’s regulatn agast servg alhol to gay people (police often ed this as a pretext to raid LGBT bars). McDarrah/Getty ImagAfter pourg their drks, a bartenr Juli's Bar ref to serve John Timms, Dick Lesch, Craig Rodwell, and Randy Wicker, members of the Mattache Society who were prottg New York liquor laws that prevented servg gay ctomers, 1966, three members of the Mattache Society, an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay rights, staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s.

But between New York’s LGBTQ muny the 1960s beg forced to live on the outskirts of society and the Mafia’s disregard for the law, the two beme a profable, if uneasy, State Liquor Authory and the New York Police Department regularly raid bars that tered to gay patrons. " This sign was wrten by the Mattache Society–an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay reportg the events, The New York Daily News rorted to homophobic slurs s tailed verage, nng the headle: “Homo Nt Raid, Queen Be Are Stgg Mad.

But engagg gay behavr public (holdg hands, kissg or dancg wh someone of the same sex) was still illegal, so police harassment of gay bars ntued and many bars still operated whout liquor licens— part bee they were owned by the Rights Before StonewallThe first documented U.

In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattache Society, an anizatn dited to gay rights, staged a “sip-” where they openly clared their sexualy at taverns, darg staff to turn them away and sug tablishments who did. When The Commissn on Human Rights led that gay dividuals had the right to be served bars, police raids were temporarily Stonewall Inn The crime syndite saw prof terg to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genove crime fay ntrolled most Greenwich Village gay bars. And was one of the few—if not the only—gay bar left that allowed were still a fact of life, but ually rpt ps would tip off Mafia-n bars before they occurred, allowg owners to stash the alhol (sold whout a liquor license) and hi other illegal activi.

Stonewall's LegacyThough the Stonewall uprisg didn’t start the gay rights movement, was a galvanizg force for LGBT polil activism, leadg to numero gay rights anizatns, cludg the Gay Liberatn Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lbian Alliance Agast Defamatn), and PFLAG (formerly Parents, Fai and Friends of Lbians and Gays) the one-year anniversary of the rts on June 28, 1970, thoands of people marched the streets of Manhattan om the Stonewall Inn to Central Park what was then lled “Christopher Street Liberatn Day, ” Ameri’s first gay pri para. ”In 2016, then-Print Barack Obama signated the se of the rts—Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surroundg streets and siwalks—a natnal monument regnn of the area’s ntributn to gay Gallery The Stonewall Inn is a bar loted New York Cy’s Greenwich Village that served as a haven the 1960s for the cy’s gay, lbian and transgenr muny. Loted Greenwich Village, the heart of gay life New York at the time, s patrons were among the most margalized members of New York’s LGBTQ muny—cludg unraged and unhoed dividuals, people of lor, and drag performers.