Gay rights movement, civil rights movement that advot equal rights for LGBTQ persons—that is, for lbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons—and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life.
Contents:
- THE STORY OF BAYARD RT, OPENLY GAY LEAR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
- GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
- GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR MAY FALLY BE PARDONED 67 YEARS AFTER HE WAS ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN
- THE ROLE OF GAY MEN AND LBIANS THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
- BAYARD RT, A GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, IS PARDONED 67 YEARS LATER
- BAYARD RT, GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR, IS PARDONED CALIFORNIA
- GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT POSTHUMOLY PARDONED CALIFORNIA
- BROTHER OUTSIR: REMEMBERG GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT
- BAYARD {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}BAYARD RT WAS A CIVIL RIGHTS ANIZER AND ACTIVIST, BT KNOWN FOR HIS WORK AS ADVISER TO MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND '{MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{LE-HEIGHT:1.6;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;LOR:#323232;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: OCT 22, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;--POSN:ABSOLUTE;HEIGHT:TO;} IMG{MAX-WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:TO;} A{POSN:ABSOLUTE;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{BACKGROUND:#C92228;BOTTOM:0;PADDG:.5REM;RIGHT:0;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG:0.39REM;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:1REM;WIDTH:1REM;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{WIDTH:1.063REM;HEIGHT:1.063REM;}}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}PHOTO: ALLAN BM/NEW YORK TIM CO./GETTY {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;}(1912-1987){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO WAS BAYARD RT?BAYARD RT MOVED TO NEW YORK THE 1930S AND WAS VOLVED PACIFIST GROUPS AND EARLY CIVIL RIGHTS PROTTS. COMBG NON-VLENT RISTANCE WH ANIZATNAL SKILLS, HE WAS A KEY ADVISER TO {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1960S. THOUGH HE WAS ARRTED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS OWN CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND OPEN HOMOSEXUALY, HE NTUED TO FIGHT FOR EQUALY.EARLY LIFE AND EDUTNBAYARD RT WAS BORN ON MARCH 17, 1912, WT CHTER, PENNSYLVANIA. HE HAD BEEN RAISED TO BELIEVE THAT HIS PARENTS WERE JULIA AND JANIFER RT, WHEN FACT THEY WERE HIS GRANDPARENTS. HE DISVERED THE TTH BEFORE ADOLCENCE, THAT THE WOMAN HE THOUGHT WAS HIS SIBLG, FLORENCE, WAS FACT HIS MOTHER, WHO'D HAD RT WH WT INDIAN IMMIGRANT ARCHIE HOPKS. RT ATTEND WILBERFORCE UNIVERSY OH, AND CHEYNEY STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE (NOW CHENEY UNIVERSY OF PENNSYLVANIA) PENNSYLVANIA, BOTH HISTORILLY BLACK SCHOOLS. IN 1937 HE MOVED TO NEW YORK CY AND STUDIED AT CY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK. HE WAS BRIEFLY VOLVED WH THE YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE 1930S BEFORE HE BEME DISILLNED WH S ACTIVI AND RIGNED.POLIL PHILOSOPHY AND CIVIL RIGHTS CAREERIN HIS PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY, RT BED THE PACIFISM OF THE QUAKER RELIGN, THE NON-VLENT RISTANCE TGHT BY MAHATMA GANDHI, AND THE SOCIALISM POED BY AIN AMERIN LABOR LEAR A. PHILIP RANDOLPH. DURG THE SEND WORLD WAR HE WORKED FOR RANDOLPH, FIGHTG AGAST RACIAL DISCRIMATN WAR-RELATED HIRG. AFTER MEETG A. J. MTE, A MISTER AND LABOR ANIZER, HE ALSO PARTICIPATED SEVERAL PACIFIST GROUPS, CLUDG THE FELLOWSHIP OF RENCILIATN. RT WAS PUNISHED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS BELIEFS. DURG THE WAR, HE WAS JAILED FOR TWO YEARS WHEN HE REFED TO REGISTER FOR THE DRAFT. WHEN HE TOOK PART PROTTS AGAST THE SEGREGATED PUBLIC TRANS SYSTEM 1947, HE WAS ARRTED NORTH CAROLA AND SENTENCED TO WORK ON A CHA GANG FOR SEVERAL WEEKS. IN 1953 HE WAS ARRTED ON A MORALS CHARGE FOR PUBLICLY ENGAGG HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVY AND WAS SENT TO JAIL FOR 60 DAYS; HOWEVER, HE NTUED TO LIVE AS AN OPENLY GAY MAN. BY THE 1950S, RT WAS AN EXPERT ANIZER OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTTS. IN 1958, HE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE ORDATG A MARCH ALRMASTON, ENGLAND, WHICH 10,000 ATTEN MONSTRATED AGAST NUCLEAR WEAPONS.MART LUTHER KG JR. AND THE MARCH ON WASHGTONRT MET THE YOUNG CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR DR. MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND BEGAN WORKG WH KG AS AN ANIZER AND STRATEGIST 1955. HE TGHT KG ABOUT GANDHI'S PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VLENT RISTANCE AND ADVISED HIM ON THE TACTICS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. HE ASSISTED KG WH THE BOYTT OF SEGREGATED B MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 1956. MOST FAMOLY, RT WAS A KEY FIGURE THE ANIZATN OF THE MARCH ON WASHGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM, AT WHICH KG LIVERED HIS LEGENDARY "I HAVE A DREAM" SPEECH ON AUGT 28, 1963. IN 1965, RT AND HIS MENTOR RANDOLPH -FOUND THE A. PHILIP RANDOLPH INSTUTE, A LABOR ANIZATN FOR AIN AMERIN TRA UNN MEMBERS. RT NTUED HIS WORK WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND PEACE MOVEMENTS, AND WAS MUCH MAND AS A PUBLIC SPEAKER.LATER CAREER AND DEATHRT RECEIVED NUMERO AWARDS AND HONORARY GRE THROUGHOUT HIS REER. HIS WRGS ABOUT CIVIL RIGHTS WERE PUBLISHED THE LLECTN DOWN THE LE 1971 AND STRATEGI FOR FREEDOM 1976. HE NTUED TO SPEAK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF ENOMIC EQUALY WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR SOCIAL RIGHTS FOR GAYS AND LBIANS. RT DIED OF A PTURED APPENDIX NEW YORK CY ON AUGT 24, 1987, AT THE AGE OF {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK FACTS
- ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, THIS GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ULD FALLY BE PARDONED CALIFORNIA
THE STORY OF BAYARD RT, OPENLY GAY LEAR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Bayard Rt was an dispensable force behd the Civil Rights Movement and openly gay. * gay civil rights leader *
He was Bayard Rt, a man whose life was shaped by the very prejudic the movement fought agast, not only bee of his race, but also bee he was gay. Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carola brought natnwi media attentn to Bayard after claimg that the march was beg anized by “Communist, draft-dodger and homosexual. However, wh learship wh the movement opposed to his volvement, Rt whdrew his would ntue his role activism, speakg at events for gay rights the 1980s.
It was also durg this time, the last years of his life, that Rt gave an terview wh the Washgton Bla, rellg the dualy of beg both black and gay the Civil Rights Movement and how that shaped his refal to hi his sexual moment particular helped motivate his cisn to be open about his sexualy. "It occurred to me shortly after that that was an absolute necsy for me to clare homosexualy, bee if I didn't I was a part of the prejudice, " he ntued. This Pri Month, as part of our “Hidn Histori” seri, we look at the ntributns of Bayard Rt, one of the drivg forc of the civil rights movement, whose life as an openly gay man relegated him to behd-the-scen rol much of the time.
GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
This Pri Month, as part of our “Hidn Histori” seri, we look at the ntributns of Bayard Rt, one of the drivg forc of the civil rights movement, whose life as an openly gay man relegated him to behd-the-scen rol much of the time. * gay civil rights leader *
Baldw was nsired “Out and Proud” before that term beme wily ed, and he is creded wh havg an impact on the way the populatn at large approached the tersectn of “Ain Amerin” and “Gay”. " Beyond her LGBTQ activism, DeLarverie also anized and performed at fundraisers for women who suffered om domtic vlence and their Jam Baldw (Photo by Ted Thai)The LIFE Picture Collectn/GettyJam Baldw (1924-1987)A wrer and social cric, Baldw is perhaps bt known for his 1955 llectn of says, "Not of a Native Son, " and his groundbreakg 1956 novel, "Gvanni's Room, " which picts them of homosexualy and bisexualy. Baldw spent a majory of his lerary and activist reer tg others about Black and queer inty, as he did durg his famo lecture tled “Race, Racism, and the Gay Communy” at a meetg of the New York chapter of Black and Whe Men Together (now known as Men of All Colors Together) and playwright Lorrae Hansberry her New York Cy apartment April Attie / Getty ImagLorrae Hansberry (1930-1965)Hansberry was an activist and playwright bt known for her groundbreakg play “A Rais the Sun, ” about a stgglg Black fay on Chigo’s South Si.
The inic work was then ma to a 1961 film starrg Sidney Poier and Ruby to “A Rais the Sun” fame, Hansberry — who never publicly acknowledged she was a lbian — joed lbian rights group Dghters of Bilis and ntributed letters about femism and homophobia to s magaze, “The Ladr, ” acrdg to LGBTQ historian Eric Marc, host of the “Makg Gay History” podst. Now 79, Miss Major, known to many simply as “Mama, ” ris Ltle Rock, Arkansas, where she ntu to be a vol Sprg's mayor Ron On, April 18, Khan / LA Tim via Getty ImagRon On (Born 1950)When On was elected mayor of Palm Sprgs, California 2003, he ma history by beg the first openly gay Ain Amerin man elected mayor of an Amerin cy. The term “transgenr” wasn’t monly ed Marsha’s lifetime, but she intified as a “transvte, ” gay and a drag queen and ed she/her pronouns.
The clash wh the New York police marked a turng pot for the gay liberatn movement the US and spired Pri march around the world today.
GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR MAY FALLY BE PARDONED 67 YEARS AFTER HE WAS ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN
* gay civil rights leader *
Johnson worked as an activist participatg monstratns and march as part of the Gay Liberatn Front, which formed the wake of Stonewall. Harvey Milk was one of the first openly gay policians elected to office the Uned Stat, and the first openly gay official elected California. “We want gays to reprent gays, ” Milk told the San Francis Examer 1977, and his posn as an LGBTQ public official helped brg the muny’s issu to promence.
THE ROLE OF GAY MEN AND LBIANS THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
California Gov. Gav Newsom issued a posthumo pardon for Rt on Tuday, part of a new iative to grant clemency to people who were prosecuted California for beg gay. * gay civil rights leader *
While servg as a cy supervisor, he troduced legislatn to protect the gay muny, cludg a gay rights ordance 1978 to ban discrimatn agast LGBTQ hog or employment. He and other activists also succeed strikg down Proposn 6, which would have mandated the firg of any gay or lbian teachers California. He was one of the first to sound the alarm for the HIV/AIDS crisis 1981 when the New York Tim wrote about a rare type of “ncer” affectg gay men.
Kramer -found the advocy groups GMHC (Gay Men’s Health Crisis) and ACT UP (AIDS Coaln to Unleash Power), which ed the inic SILENCE = DEATH logo that beme a symbol for the AIDS crisis.
His ntributns to the LGBTQ muny boil down to the impact he ma as a pneer drag, and how “Drag Race” drastilly changed the way lns of Amerins view — and appreciate — a key facet of gay culture. E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life. (Although the term gay is monly ed reference to homosexual mal, is also ed more generally to refer to homosexual mal together wh some or all other orientatns wh the LGBTQ muny.
BAYARD RT, A GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, IS PARDONED 67 YEARS LATER
The openly gay Rt was nvicted durg the 1950s unr laws targetg LGBTQ dividuals * gay civil rights leader *
) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy.
BAYARD RT, GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR, IS PARDONED CALIFORNIA
Learn more about Bayard Rt's life as an openly gay Black civil rights activist who served as the chief anizer of the historic March on Washgton. * gay civil rights leader *
Ined, his poem “Two Lov” (1894), Lord Aled (“Bosie”) Douglas, Osr Wil’s lover, clared “I [homosexualy] am the love that dare not speak s name. ” Homosexual and bisexual men and women were given voice 1897 wh the foundg of the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee (Wissenschaftlich-humanär Komee; WhK) Berl.
GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT POSTHUMOLY PARDONED CALIFORNIA
Bayard Rt was an adviser to Mart Luther Kg Jr. and the anizer behd the 1963 March on Washgton. And though he was gay, his legacy remas ltle known among many the LGBTQ muny. * gay civil rights leader *
Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power. In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.
BROTHER OUTSIR: REMEMBERG GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT
In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. The gay rights movement was begng to w victori for legal reform, particularly wtern Europe, but perhaps the sgle fg event of gay activism occurred the Uned Stat.
In the 1970s and ’80s, gay polil anizatns proliferated, particularly the Uned Stat and Europe, and spread to other parts of the globe, though their relative size, strength, and succs—and toleratn by thori—varied signifintly. Groups such as the Human Rights Campaign, the Natnal Gay and Lbian Task Force, and ACT UP (AIDS Coaln to Unleash Power) the Uned Stat and Stonewall and Outrage!
BAYARD {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}BAYARD RT WAS A CIVIL RIGHTS ANIZER AND ACTIVIST, BT KNOWN FOR HIS WORK AS ADVISER TO MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND '{MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{LE-HEIGHT:1.6;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;LOR:#323232;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: OCT 22, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;--POSN:ABSOLUTE;HEIGHT:TO;} IMG{MAX-WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:TO;} A{POSN:ABSOLUTE;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{BACKGROUND:#C92228;BOTTOM:0;PADDG:.5REM;RIGHT:0;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG:0.39REM;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:1REM;WIDTH:1REM;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{WIDTH:1.063REM;HEIGHT:1.063REM;}}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}PHOTO: ALLAN BM/NEW YORK TIM CO./GETTY {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;}(1912-1987){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO WAS BAYARD RT?BAYARD RT MOVED TO NEW YORK THE 1930S AND WAS VOLVED PACIFIST GROUPS AND EARLY CIVIL RIGHTS PROTTS. COMBG NON-VLENT RISTANCE WH ANIZATNAL SKILLS, HE WAS A KEY ADVISER TO {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1960S. THOUGH HE WAS ARRTED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS OWN CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND OPEN HOMOSEXUALY, HE NTUED TO FIGHT FOR EQUALY.EARLY LIFE AND EDUTNBAYARD RT WAS BORN ON MARCH 17, 1912, WT CHTER, PENNSYLVANIA. HE HAD BEEN RAISED TO BELIEVE THAT HIS PARENTS WERE JULIA AND JANIFER RT, WHEN FACT THEY WERE HIS GRANDPARENTS. HE DISVERED THE TTH BEFORE ADOLCENCE, THAT THE WOMAN HE THOUGHT WAS HIS SIBLG, FLORENCE, WAS FACT HIS MOTHER, WHO'D HAD RT WH WT INDIAN IMMIGRANT ARCHIE HOPKS. RT ATTEND WILBERFORCE UNIVERSY OH, AND CHEYNEY STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE (NOW CHENEY UNIVERSY OF PENNSYLVANIA) PENNSYLVANIA, BOTH HISTORILLY BLACK SCHOOLS. IN 1937 HE MOVED TO NEW YORK CY AND STUDIED AT CY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK. HE WAS BRIEFLY VOLVED WH THE YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE 1930S BEFORE HE BEME DISILLNED WH S ACTIVI AND RIGNED.POLIL PHILOSOPHY AND CIVIL RIGHTS CAREERIN HIS PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY, RT BED THE PACIFISM OF THE QUAKER RELIGN, THE NON-VLENT RISTANCE TGHT BY MAHATMA GANDHI, AND THE SOCIALISM POED BY AIN AMERIN LABOR LEAR A. PHILIP RANDOLPH. DURG THE SEND WORLD WAR HE WORKED FOR RANDOLPH, FIGHTG AGAST RACIAL DISCRIMATN WAR-RELATED HIRG. AFTER MEETG A. J. MTE, A MISTER AND LABOR ANIZER, HE ALSO PARTICIPATED SEVERAL PACIFIST GROUPS, CLUDG THE FELLOWSHIP OF RENCILIATN. RT WAS PUNISHED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS BELIEFS. DURG THE WAR, HE WAS JAILED FOR TWO YEARS WHEN HE REFED TO REGISTER FOR THE DRAFT. WHEN HE TOOK PART PROTTS AGAST THE SEGREGATED PUBLIC TRANS SYSTEM 1947, HE WAS ARRTED NORTH CAROLA AND SENTENCED TO WORK ON A CHA GANG FOR SEVERAL WEEKS. IN 1953 HE WAS ARRTED ON A MORALS CHARGE FOR PUBLICLY ENGAGG HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVY AND WAS SENT TO JAIL FOR 60 DAYS; HOWEVER, HE NTUED TO LIVE AS AN OPENLY GAY MAN. BY THE 1950S, RT WAS AN EXPERT ANIZER OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTTS. IN 1958, HE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE ORDATG A MARCH ALRMASTON, ENGLAND, WHICH 10,000 ATTEN MONSTRATED AGAST NUCLEAR WEAPONS.MART LUTHER KG JR. AND THE MARCH ON WASHGTONRT MET THE YOUNG CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR DR. MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND BEGAN WORKG WH KG AS AN ANIZER AND STRATEGIST 1955. HE TGHT KG ABOUT GANDHI'S PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VLENT RISTANCE AND ADVISED HIM ON THE TACTICS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. HE ASSISTED KG WH THE BOYTT OF SEGREGATED B MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 1956. MOST FAMOLY, RT WAS A KEY FIGURE THE ANIZATN OF THE MARCH ON WASHGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM, AT WHICH KG LIVERED HIS LEGENDARY "I HAVE A DREAM" SPEECH ON AUGT 28, 1963. IN 1965, RT AND HIS MENTOR RANDOLPH -FOUND THE A. PHILIP RANDOLPH INSTUTE, A LABOR ANIZATN FOR AIN AMERIN TRA UNN MEMBERS. RT NTUED HIS WORK WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND PEACE MOVEMENTS, AND WAS MUCH MAND AS A PUBLIC SPEAKER.LATER CAREER AND DEATHRT RECEIVED NUMERO AWARDS AND HONORARY GRE THROUGHOUT HIS REER. HIS WRGS ABOUT CIVIL RIGHTS WERE PUBLISHED THE LLECTN DOWN THE LE 1971 AND STRATEGI FOR FREEDOM 1976. HE NTUED TO SPEAK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF ENOMIC EQUALY WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR SOCIAL RIGHTS FOR GAYS AND LBIANS. RT DIED OF A PTURED APPENDIX NEW YORK CY ON AUGT 24, 1987, AT THE AGE OF {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK FACTS
Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons. In the Uned Stat, gay activists won support om the Democratic Party 1980, when the party add to s platform nondiscrimatn clse a plank cludg sexual orientatn. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat.
In 1974 Wechsler was replaced on the uncil by Kathy Kozachenko, who, havg n openly as a lbian, th beme the first openly gay person to w office after g out. In addn, 2019 Lori Lightfoot beme the first openly gay person to be elected mayor of Chigo, and two years later Pete Buttigieg beme the first openly gay bet member Amerin history. In Canada 1998 Glen Murray beme the mayor of Wnipeg, Manoba, which ma him the first openly gay polician to lead a large cy that untry.
ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, THIS GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ULD FALLY BE PARDONED CALIFORNIA
Large ci Europe also were fertile grounds for succs for openly gay policians; for example, Bertrand Delanoë Paris and Kls Wowere Berl were both elected mayor 2001. At the lol and natnal levels, the number of openly gay policians creased dramatilly durg the 1990s and 2000s, and 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir beme prime mister of Iceland, which ma her the world’s first openly gay head of ernment.
In Ai, Asia, and Lat Ameri, openly gay policians have had only limed succs wng office; notable electns to natnal legislatur clud Patria Jiménez Flor Mexi (1997), Mike Waters South Ai (1999), and Clodovil Hernans Brazil (2006). The issu emphasized by gay rights groups have varied sce the 1970s by time and place; different natnal anizatns have promoted polici specifilly tailored to their untry’s i. Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).
Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary.