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Bayard Rt was an dispensable force behd the Civil Rights Movement and openly gay.

Contents:

THE STORY OF BAYARD RT, OPENLY GAY LEAR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

* gay civil rights leader *

He was Bayard Rt, a man whose life was shaped by the very prejudic the movement fought agast, not only bee of his race, but also bee he was gay. Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carola brought natnwi media attentn to Bayard after claimg that the march was beg anized by “Communist, draft-dodger and homosexual.

However, wh learship wh the movement opposed to his volvement, Rt whdrew his would ntue his role activism, speakg at events for gay rights the 1980s.

It was also durg this time, the last years of his life, that Rt gave an terview wh the Washgton Bla, rellg the dualy of beg both black and gay the Civil Rights Movement and how that shaped his refal to hi his sexual moment particular helped motivate his cisn to be open about his sexualy. "It occurred to me shortly after that that was an absolute necsy for me to clare homosexualy, bee if I didn't I was a part of the prejudice, " he ntued. This Pri Month, as part of our “Hidn Histori” seri, we look at the ntributns of Bayard Rt, one of the drivg forc of the civil rights movement, whose life as an openly gay man relegated him to behd-the-scen rol much of the time.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

This Pri Month, as part of our “Hidn Histori” seri, we look at the ntributns of Bayard Rt, one of the drivg forc of the civil rights movement, whose life as an openly gay man relegated him to behd-the-scen rol much of the time. * gay civil rights leader *

Baldw was nsired “Out and Proud” before that term beme wily ed, and he is creded wh havg an impact on the way the populatn at large approached the tersectn of “Ain Amerin” and “Gay”. " Beyond her LGBTQ activism, DeLarverie also anized and performed at fundraisers for women who suffered om domtic vlence and their Jam Baldw (Photo by Ted Thai)The LIFE Picture Collectn/GettyJam Baldw (1924-1987)A wrer and social cric, Baldw is perhaps bt known for his 1955 llectn of says, "Not of a Native Son, " and his groundbreakg 1956 novel, "Gvanni's Room, " which picts them of homosexualy and bisexualy. Baldw spent a majory of his lerary and activist reer tg others about Black and queer inty, as he did durg his famo lecture tled “Race, Racism, and the Gay Communy” at a meetg of the New York chapter of Black and Whe Men Together (now known as Men of All Colors Together) and playwright Lorrae Hansberry her New York Cy apartment April Attie / Getty ImagLorrae Hansberry (1930-1965)Hansberry was an activist and playwright bt known for her groundbreakg play “A Rais the Sun, ” about a stgglg Black fay on Chigo’s South Si.

GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR MAY FALLY BE PARDONED 67 YEARS AFTER HE WAS ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN

Gay rights movement, civil rights movement that advot equal rights for LGBTQ persons—that is, for lbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons—and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life. * gay civil rights leader *

The inic work was then ma to a 1961 film starrg Sidney Poier and Ruby to “A Rais the Sun” fame, Hansberry — who never publicly acknowledged she was a lbian — joed lbian rights group Dghters of Bilis and ntributed letters about femism and homophobia to s magaze, “The Ladr, ” acrdg to LGBTQ historian Eric Marc, host of the “Makg Gay History” podst. Now 79, Miss Major, known to many simply as “Mama, ” ris Ltle Rock, Arkansas, where she ntu to be a vol Sprg's mayor Ron On, April 18, Khan / LA Tim via Getty ImagRon On (Born 1950)When On was elected mayor of Palm Sprgs, California 2003, he ma history by beg the first openly gay Ain Amerin man elected mayor of an Amerin cy. The term “transgenr” wasn’t monly ed Marsha’s lifetime, but she intified as a “transvte, ” gay and a drag queen and ed she/her pronouns.

The clash wh the New York police marked a turng pot for the gay liberatn movement the US and spired Pri march around the world today. Johnson worked as an activist participatg monstratns and march as part of the Gay Liberatn Front, which formed the wake of Stonewall. Harvey Milk was one of the first openly gay policians elected to office the Uned Stat, and the first openly gay official elected California.

“We want gays to reprent gays, ” Milk told the San Francis Examer 1977, and his posn as an LGBTQ public official helped brg the muny’s issu to promence. While servg as a cy supervisor, he troduced legislatn to protect the gay muny, cludg a gay rights ordance 1978 to ban discrimatn agast LGBTQ hog or employment. He and other activists also succeed strikg down Proposn 6, which would have mandated the firg of any gay or lbian teachers California.

THE ROLE OF GAY MEN AND LBIANS THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

California Gov. Gav Newsom issued a posthumo pardon for Rt on Tuday, part of a new iative to grant clemency to people who were prosecuted California for beg gay. * gay civil rights leader *

He was one of the first to sound the alarm for the HIV/AIDS crisis 1981 when the New York Tim wrote about a rare type of “ncer” affectg gay men. Kramer -found the advocy groups GMHC (Gay Men’s Health Crisis) and ACT UP (AIDS Coaln to Unleash Power), which ed the inic SILENCE = DEATH logo that beme a symbol for the AIDS crisis.

His ntributns to the LGBTQ muny boil down to the impact he ma as a pneer drag, and how “Drag Race” drastilly changed the way lns of Amerins view — and appreciate — a key facet of gay culture. E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life.

(Although the term gay is monly ed reference to homosexual mal, is also ed more generally to refer to homosexual mal together wh some or all other orientatns wh the LGBTQ muny.

BAYARD RT, A GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, IS PARDONED 67 YEARS LATER

The openly gay Rt was nvicted durg the 1950s unr laws targetg LGBTQ dividuals * gay civil rights leader *

) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy.

Ined, his poem “Two Lov” (1894), Lord Aled (“Bosie”) Douglas, Osr Wil’s lover, clared “I [homosexualy] am the love that dare not speak s name.

” Homosexual and bisexual men and women were given voice 1897 wh the foundg of the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee (Wissenschaftlich-humanär Komee; WhK) Berl. Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power.

BAYARD RT, GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR, IS PARDONED CALIFORNIA

Learn more about Bayard Rt's life as an openly gay Black civil rights activist who served as the chief anizer of the historic March on Washgton. * gay civil rights leader *

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act.

The gay rights movement was begng to w victori for legal reform, particularly wtern Europe, but perhaps the sgle fg event of gay activism occurred the Uned Stat. In the 1970s and ’80s, gay polil anizatns proliferated, particularly the Uned Stat and Europe, and spread to other parts of the globe, though their relative size, strength, and succs—and toleratn by thori—varied signifintly.

GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT POSTHUMOLY PARDONED CALIFORNIA

Bayard Rt was an adviser to Mart Luther Kg Jr. and the anizer behd the 1963 March on Washgton. And though he was gay, his legacy remas ltle known among many the LGBTQ muny. * gay civil rights leader *

Groups such as the Human Rights Campaign, the Natnal Gay and Lbian Task Force, and ACT UP (AIDS Coaln to Unleash Power) the Uned Stat and Stonewall and Outrage! Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons. In the Uned Stat, gay activists won support om the Democratic Party 1980, when the party add to s platform nondiscrimatn clse a plank cludg sexual orientatn.

BROTHER OUTSIR: REMEMBERG GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR BAYARD RT

This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat. In 1974 Wechsler was replaced on the uncil by Kathy Kozachenko, who, havg n openly as a lbian, th beme the first openly gay person to w office after g out.

In addn, 2019 Lori Lightfoot beme the first openly gay person to be elected mayor of Chigo, and two years later Pete Buttigieg beme the first openly gay bet member Amerin history. In Canada 1998 Glen Murray beme the mayor of Wnipeg, Manoba, which ma him the first openly gay polician to lead a large cy that untry. Large ci Europe also were fertile grounds for succs for openly gay policians; for example, Bertrand Delanoë Paris and Kls Wowere Berl were both elected mayor 2001.

At the lol and natnal levels, the number of openly gay policians creased dramatilly durg the 1990s and 2000s, and 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir beme prime mister of Iceland, which ma her the world’s first openly gay head of ernment. In Ai, Asia, and Lat Ameri, openly gay policians have had only limed succs wng office; notable electns to natnal legislatur clud Patria Jiménez Flor Mexi (1997), Mike Waters South Ai (1999), and Clodovil Hernans Brazil (2006).

BAYARD {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}BAYARD RT WAS A CIVIL RIGHTS ANIZER AND ACTIVIST, BT KNOWN FOR HIS WORK AS ADVISER TO MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND '{MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{LE-HEIGHT:1.6;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;LOR:#323232;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: OCT 22, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;--POSN:ABSOLUTE;HEIGHT:TO;} IMG{MAX-WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:TO;} A{POSN:ABSOLUTE;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{BACKGROUND:#C92228;BOTTOM:0;PADDG:.5REM;RIGHT:0;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG:0.39REM;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:1REM;WIDTH:1REM;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{WIDTH:1.063REM;HEIGHT:1.063REM;}}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}PHOTO: ALLAN BM/NEW YORK TIM CO./GETTY {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM{FONT-STYLE:ALIC;FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;}(1912-1987){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO WAS BAYARD RT?BAYARD RT MOVED TO NEW YORK THE 1930S AND WAS VOLVED PACIFIST GROUPS AND EARLY CIVIL RIGHTS PROTTS. COMBG NON-VLENT RISTANCE WH ANIZATNAL SKILLS, HE WAS A KEY ADVISER TO {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1960S. THOUGH HE WAS ARRTED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS OWN CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND OPEN HOMOSEXUALY, HE NTUED TO FIGHT FOR EQUALY.EARLY LIFE AND EDUTNBAYARD RT WAS BORN ON MARCH 17, 1912, WT CHTER, PENNSYLVANIA. HE HAD BEEN RAISED TO BELIEVE THAT HIS PARENTS WERE JULIA AND JANIFER RT, WHEN FACT THEY WERE HIS GRANDPARENTS. HE DISVERED THE TTH BEFORE ADOLCENCE, THAT THE WOMAN HE THOUGHT WAS HIS SIBLG, FLORENCE, WAS FACT HIS MOTHER, WHO'D HAD RT WH WT INDIAN IMMIGRANT ARCHIE HOPKS. RT ATTEND WILBERFORCE UNIVERSY OH, AND CHEYNEY STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE (NOW CHENEY UNIVERSY OF PENNSYLVANIA) PENNSYLVANIA, BOTH HISTORILLY BLACK SCHOOLS. IN 1937 HE MOVED TO NEW YORK CY AND STUDIED AT CY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK. HE WAS BRIEFLY VOLVED WH THE YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE 1930S BEFORE HE BEME DISILLNED WH S ACTIVI AND RIGNED.POLIL PHILOSOPHY AND CIVIL RIGHTS CAREERIN HIS PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY, RT BED THE PACIFISM OF THE QUAKER RELIGN, THE NON-VLENT RISTANCE TGHT BY MAHATMA GANDHI, AND THE SOCIALISM POED BY AIN AMERIN LABOR LEAR A. PHILIP RANDOLPH. DURG THE SEND WORLD WAR HE WORKED FOR RANDOLPH, FIGHTG AGAST RACIAL DISCRIMATN WAR-RELATED HIRG. AFTER MEETG A. J. MTE, A MISTER AND LABOR ANIZER, HE ALSO PARTICIPATED SEVERAL PACIFIST GROUPS, CLUDG THE FELLOWSHIP OF RENCILIATN. RT WAS PUNISHED SEVERAL TIM FOR HIS BELIEFS. DURG THE WAR, HE WAS JAILED FOR TWO YEARS WHEN HE REFED TO REGISTER FOR THE DRAFT. WHEN HE TOOK PART PROTTS AGAST THE SEGREGATED PUBLIC TRANS SYSTEM 1947, HE WAS ARRTED NORTH CAROLA AND SENTENCED TO WORK ON A CHA GANG FOR SEVERAL WEEKS. IN 1953 HE WAS ARRTED ON A MORALS CHARGE FOR PUBLICLY ENGAGG HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVY AND WAS SENT TO JAIL FOR 60 DAYS; HOWEVER, HE NTUED TO LIVE AS AN OPENLY GAY MAN. BY THE 1950S, RT WAS AN EXPERT ANIZER OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTTS. IN 1958, HE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE ORDATG A MARCH ALRMASTON, ENGLAND, WHICH 10,000 ATTEN MONSTRATED AGAST NUCLEAR WEAPONS.MART LUTHER KG JR. AND THE MARCH ON WASHGTONRT MET THE YOUNG CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR DR. MART LUTHER KG JR. THE 1950S AND BEGAN WORKG WH KG AS AN ANIZER AND STRATEGIST 1955. HE TGHT KG ABOUT GANDHI'S PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VLENT RISTANCE AND ADVISED HIM ON THE TACTICS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. HE ASSISTED KG WH THE BOYTT OF SEGREGATED B MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 1956. MOST FAMOLY, RT WAS A KEY FIGURE THE ANIZATN OF THE MARCH ON WASHGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM, AT WHICH KG LIVERED HIS LEGENDARY "I HAVE A DREAM" SPEECH ON AUGT 28, 1963. IN 1965, RT AND HIS MENTOR RANDOLPH -FOUND THE A. PHILIP RANDOLPH INSTUTE, A LABOR ANIZATN FOR AIN AMERIN TRA UNN MEMBERS. RT NTUED HIS WORK WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND PEACE MOVEMENTS, AND WAS MUCH MAND AS A PUBLIC SPEAKER.LATER CAREER AND DEATHRT RECEIVED NUMERO AWARDS AND HONORARY GRE THROUGHOUT HIS REER. HIS WRGS ABOUT CIVIL RIGHTS WERE PUBLISHED THE LLECTN DOWN THE LE 1971 AND STRATEGI FOR FREEDOM 1976. HE NTUED TO SPEAK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF ENOMIC EQUALY WH THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR SOCIAL RIGHTS FOR GAYS AND LBIANS. RT DIED OF A PTURED APPENDIX NEW YORK CY ON AUGT 24, 1987, AT THE AGE OF {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK FACTS

The issu emphasized by gay rights groups have varied sce the 1970s by time and place; different natnal anizatns have promoted polici specifilly tailored to their untry’s i.

ARRTED FOR HAVG SEX WH MEN, THIS GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEAR ULD FALLY BE PARDONED CALIFORNIA

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER

Comment on this story</tle><path d="M14 14V2H2v9.47h8.18L12.43 13ZM3 10.52V3h10v9.23l-2.5-1.66Z"></path></svg></button><span aria-hidn="te" class="wpds-c-fBEbFG">Comment</span><span class="wpds-c-fOvfhP wpds-c-fOvfhP-kshkDy-isCommentType-te none" aria-hidn="te"><span class="ment-unt font-xxxxs sc-ral-unt"><span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="teaser-ntent grid-center"><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><i>Fd this story and others like our twice-weekly genr and inty newsletter. </i><a href=" target=_blank><i>Click here to sign up.</i></a></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">This month, K-12 classrooms across the untry, many stunts are learng a Black history curriculum that has long remaed <a href=" target="_blank">stagnant</a>.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Right now, they might be embarkg on the Unrground Railroad’s journey to eedom, <a href=" target="_blank">learng varyg terpretatns</a> about the central e of the Civil War, or revisg key events of the civil rights movement.</p></div></div><div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">For Domique Hazzard, a muny anizer and PhD ndidate history at Johns Hopks Universy, the lsons rg clear her md. Growg up Fort Washgton, Md., durg the 1990s, she rells Black History Month teachgs that often rehashed the achievements of semal figur like the Rev. Mart Luther Kg Jr. and Harriet Tubman.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">But as a young Black girl g to terms wh her queer inty, Hazzard, now 31, said would have been transformatnal to learn about change-makers who played a role both gay liberatn and the Black Freedom Movement.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">She might have learned nam like <a href=" target="_blank">Audre Lor</a>, a Black lbian poet and activist who dited her life and work to addrsg social jtic, and <a href=" target="_blank">Marsha P. Johnson</a>, a transgenr activist who was a proment figure of the 1969 Stonewall rts and the gay rights movement spired.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">The transgenr women at Stonewall were phed out of the gay rights movement. Now they are gettg a statue New York.</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“I didn’t learn anythg about the gay liberatn movement, Stonewall, any of that,“ Hazzard said. “And once I did, I thk took me years to realize that Black women, Black trans women, were at the foreont of creatg some of those chang.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Many the Black LGBTQ muny echo Hazzard’s sentiment: “I was really searchg for, my youth, ins, lears, thkers who lived at those tersectns like I did,” said Kaila Story, an associate profsor the partments of Pan-Ain studi and women’s, genr and sexualy studi at the Universy of Louisville. “People that were both Black and gay; people that were mted to queer liberatn as well as Black liberatn; people that saw those two thgs as nnected.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In a <a href=">2018 say</a> for the nonprof publisher Rethkg Schools, Hazzard challenged tors to “queer Black history” — a phrase she f, part, as reworkg and upendg teachgs to elevate Black LGBTQ stori.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“It starts wh regnizg that all Black histori matter,” Hazzard said, “and that clus the liv and ntributns of Black LGBTQ people.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Amid a rise both vlent and polil attacks agast<b> </b>LGBTQ people, activists say the stori are of growg importance. In recent years, activists say,<b> </b>Black trans aths have <a href=">creased</a>, a wave of <a href=" target="_blank">anti-LGBTQ legislatn</a> has swept the untry and renewed <a href=" target="_blank">book banng efforts</a> are primarily targetg tl about racial and sexual inty.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“Edutn is a pathway to margalized muni’ sense of empowerment bee plac wh a historil genealogy that whe supremacy says we’re not a part of,” said Story, who also -hosts the podst “<a href=">Strange F: Mgs on Polics, Pop Culture, and Black Gay Life</a>.” “Whe supremacy, as an ia, says that Black folks haven’t ntributed anythg, and pecially Black LGBT folks.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Today, people like Laverne Cox, Andrea Jenks, Phill Wilson and Chigo Mayor Lori E. Lightfoot are brgg creased visibily as openly LGBTQ, high-profile Black lears.<b> </b>Still, activists say teachgs <a href=" target="_blank">have fallen short </a> tg stunts about the historil Black LGBTQ figur who paved the way for the achievements.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">The long road to more accurate portrayals of Black LGBTQ people on televisn</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“It is an ethil impossibily to tell the story of Black liberatn stggl whout talkg about Black LGBTQ participatn, volvement and learship,” said C. Riley Snorton, a profsor of English and genr and sexualy studi at the Universy of Chigo.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In regnn of Black History Month, profsors and activists reflected on the seldom-told stori of Black LGBTQ trailblazers and their ntributns to Amerin history.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-EFABGA7FHJGCDE2ZOW7VIAHPVQ-0"><div id="list-headle-EFABGA7FHJGCDE2ZOW7VIAHPVQ-0" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Lucy Hicks Anrson (1886-1954)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Transgenr pneer for marriage equaly</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Before <a href=" target=_blank>Christe Jensen</a>, often regnized as Ameri’s first proment trans woman, there was Lucy Hicks Anrson. She preced Jensen’s notoriety when stori of her trans inty ma news the early 20th century, Snorton said,<b> </b>who wrote about Anrson and the erasure of Black transsexual narrativ the book <a href=" target=_blank>“Black on Both Sis: A Racial History of Trans Inty.”</a></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">After marryg a soldier Oxnard, Calif., 1944, lol thori disvered that Anrson was assigned male at birth and the uple was charged wh perjury. Takg a stand urt, Anrson <a href=" target=_blank>reportedly said</a>, “I fy any doctor the world to prove that I am not a woman. I have lived, drsed, acted jt like what I am, a woman.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Instead of prison time, Anrson and her hband were placed on 10 years of probatn. Anrson was<b> </b>also orred to rea om wearg cloth ma for women, acrdg to <a href=" target=_blank>the Amerin Civil Liberti Unn</a>. Years later, the uple was charged aga — this time for d after Anrson received feral money rerved for ary spo. Both went to prison and were banned om Oxnard upon release. The uple then moved to Los Angel, where Anrson lived for the remar of her life.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-6ONPRC7KLVAWHJGLRZAF77P42Y-1"><div id="list-headle-6ONPRC7KLVAWHJGLRZAF77P42Y-1" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Gladys Bentley (1907-1960)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Blu sger, pianist and drag kg pneer</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="gift-share-le" data-ttid="gift-share-le" class="PJLV PJLV-ilotWTr-css hi-for-prt"><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expand="false" aria-ntrols="gift-share-drawer" role="button" tabx="0" aria-label="Share this article" id="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-le" data-ttid="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-le" class="wpds-c-PJLV wpds-c-gsmDXe wpds-c-gsmDXe-goNocI-placement-Inle foc-highlight"><div data-ttid="gift-share-terstial-trigger" class="wpds-c-kPqOkS wpds-c-kPqOkS-jtSXsT-hasSubsText-false"><span class="wpds-c-hBJqc"><span class="wpds-c-dzSncg">Share this article</span></span><span class="wpds-c-eCvK"><span class="wpds-c-enedHQ wpds-c-enedHQ-cCdK-isShown-false">Share</span><svg xmlns=" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fBqPWp wpds-c-fDHGth"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 .6v3.8h.1c-4.4 0-7.3 4.5-6.9 8.8.1.8.2 1.2.2 1.2l.2 1 .4-1.3c.8-2 2-4 6.2-3.9H8v4l7-6.9L8 .6Zm1 11.3V9.3h-.9c-3 0-4.8.5-6.2 2.9.5-3.3 2.7-6.8 6.2-6.8H9V3l4.5 4.4L9 11.9Z"></path></svg></span></div></button></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Black arts and culture blossomed durg the Harlem Renaissance, but an <a href=">often overlooked</a> aspect of the era was s queer nightlife enclav and the fluence of Black lbian and transgenr blu. As a lbian blu sger, pianist and cross-drsg performer, Gladys Bentley was nsired “<a href=" target=_blank>Harlem’s most famo lbian</a>,” often sgg her own rnchy lyrics to popular tun and performg her signature top hat and tuxedo.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In the 1930s, Bentley headled at Harlem’s Ubangi Club, where she was backed up by a chos le of drag queens. “She also donned male artifice and attire and performed as a drag kg <a href=" target=_blank>Harry’s Clam Hoe</a> New York the 1920s,” Story said. “She was like, ldblood, the bt.” <a href=" target=_blank>Acrdg to the New York Tim</a>, Bentley was one of the bt-known Black entertaers the untry.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Toward the end of her life, Bentley married a man, nied that she was gay and exprsed regret for her drag performanc, Story said, “but that, to me, was no doubt om the ensug prsure of homophobia and all of those thgs.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-HD4MU7BW3JBDROBT4MOKH466W4-2"><div id="list-headle-HD4MU7BW3JBDROBT4MOKH466W4-2" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Bayard Rt (1912-1987)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Gay civil rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Bayard Rt is regnized as one of the <a href=" target=_blank>key lears</a> of the civil rights movement. He advised Kg on nonvlent tactics, helped plan the Montgomery, Ala., b boytt and was a chief anizer of the 1963 March on Washgton. But as an openly gay man, Rt faced discrimatn of his own while fightg for the rights of others.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In January 1953, he was arrted on a “morals charge” after police officers ught him engaged wh two other men a parked r Pasana, Calif. The nvictn, which was often <a href=" target=_blank>ed to target gay people</a>, forced Rt to register as a sex offenr and nearly railed his reer as a civil rights activist.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“He was a proment gay man durg the civil rights movement when there was no space to talk about lbian and gay issu,” said Karsonya Whehead, an associate profsor of munitn and Ain and Ain Amerin Studi at Loyola Universy Maryland.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">For years, Rt’s arrt siled him the civil rights movement. He stggled to fd work and was phed out of Kg’s ner circle. Then, 1963, Rt’s longtime mentor appoted him as a key anizer of the March on Washgton. Followg the succs of the march, Rt ntued to advote for civil rights, and he brought the AIDS crisis to the NAACP’s attentn an effort to enurage others to <a href=" target=_blank>“e out” and live their tths</a>.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-PNHGQ4OQY5GE3PFYGNFTGQEFFQ-3"><div id="list-headle-PNHGQ4OQY5GE3PFYGNFTGQEFFQ-3" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Pli Murray (1910-1985)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Lawyer, scholar and women’s rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Lawyer and activist Pli Murray is wily creded for <a href=" target=_blank>buildg the legal ameworks</a> that paved the way for the civil rights and women’s rights movements. Both of the late Supreme Court Jtic<b> </b>Ruth Bar Gsburg and Thurgood Marshall said they were fluenced by Murray’s arguments on race and genr. In particular, Marshall hailed Murray’s 700-page summary of racism state law as<a href=" target=_blank> “the bible” of <i>Brown v. Board of Edutn.</i></a><i> </i>And Murray was also nsired <a href=" target=_blank>stmental argug</a> for the 14th Amendment’s equal protectn clse, which stated discrimatn based on sex is unnstutnal.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Murray was an “archect of civil rights legislatn and civil rights victori who was queer,” Hazzard said, “and if she was alive to day, might even intify as transgenr.” Acrdg to <a href=" target=_blank>the Pli Murray Center for History and Social Jtice</a>, Murray self-scribed as a “he/she personaly” earlier life and also attempted to receive genr-affirmg health re, cludg hormone therapy, but was repeatedly nied.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">Pli Murray applied to be a Supreme Court jtice 1971. 50 years later, a Black woman uld make history.</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-VO2ZRLJCQFCF5NTTO3LTEYR544-4"><div id="list-headle-VO2ZRLJCQFCF5NTTO3LTEYR544-4" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Miss Major Griff-Gracy (1940-prent)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Transgenr rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Throughout her lifetime, transgenr activist Miss Major Griff-Gracy has stood at the foreont of a wi range of — many of which were spired by <a href=" target=_blank>her own personal challeng</a>. Early her life, she said, she experienced homelsns, rceratn and engaged sex work to survive.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Griff-Gracy is also nsired <a href=" target=_blank>a proment figure</a> the Stonewall rts. She was prent the night police raid the Stonewall Inn on June 27, 1969, New York, which prompted the monstratns, and was reportedly stck on the head by police and taken to ctody. While prison, an officer broke her jaw, she later said.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">After the rts, Griff-Gracy foced her efforts on workg wh trans women who were rcerated, homels or battlg addictn. ”Her work has been about specifilly upliftg Black trans women,” Story said, “and really givg them teachg tools around how to al wh rceratn, police btaly.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">When the HIV/AIDS epimic stck the 1980s, Griff-Gracy also <a href=" target=_blank>provid direct health-re servic</a>. Now 81, she ns <a href=" target=_blank>a retreat center</a> for trans and genr-nonnformg Southern lears. “She’s a piece of livg history that I thk, even Black LGBT spac, a lot of folks don’t seem to talk about her and how foundatnal she was as much,” Story said.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div class="wpds-c-VkPmP hi-for-prt"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grid-center grid-body"><div class="wpds-c-jjHkyS wpds-c-jjHkyS-icEohIP-css hi-for-prt"><div data-qa="ntent" class="wpds-c-dgPYWO wpds-c-dgPYWO-iPJLV-css"><h3 data-qa="lkbox-headle" class="wpds-c-jtAZFm">Fd our genr and inty verage here</h3><p class="wpds-c-eynqHn">Read the latt stori on <a href=" target=_blank>our genr and inty page</a>.</p><p class="wpds-c-eynqHn">Also be sure to <a href=" target=_blank>sign up for our ee newsletter</a> and <a href=" target=_blank>follow on Instagram</a>.</p></div><div class="wpds-c-eZxssT"></div></div></div><div class="wpds-c-dhzjXW wpds-c-dhzjXW-iPJLV-css mt-md grid-center grid-body"><div id="gift-share-end" data-ttid="gift-share-end" class="PJLV PJLV-idiqKOk-css hi-for-prt"><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expand="false" aria-ntrols="gift-share-drawer" role="button" tabx="0" aria-label="Share this article" id="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-end" data-ttid="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-end" class="wpds-c-PJLV wpds-c-gsmDXe wpds-c-gsmDXe-iIVoLq-placement-Shortcut foc-highlight"><div class="wpds-c-UazGY" id="gift-share-shortcut" data-ttid="gift-share-shortcut"><svg xmlns=" fill="var(--wpds-lors-primary)" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fVfumU "><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 .6v3.8h.1c-4.4 0-7.3 4.5-6.9 8.8.1.8.2 1.2.2 1.2l.2 1 .4-1.3c.8-2 2-4 6.2-3.9H8v4l7-6.9L8 .6Zm1 11.3V9.3h-.9c-3 0-4.8.5-6.2 2.9.5-3.3 2.7-6.8 6.2-6.8H9V3l4.5 4.4L9 11.9Z"></path></svg><div class="PJLV wpds-c-kwcHlj">Share</div></div></button></div><div class="wpds-c-hcekgi"><div class="mb-lg-mod" data-qa="ments-btn-div"><button aria-label="Scroll to the ments sectn" data-qa="ments-btn" class="wpds-c-kSOqLF wpds-c-kSOqLF-SQjOY-variant-sendary wpds-c-kSOqLF-eHdizY-nsy-flt wpds-c-kSOqLF-ejCoEP-in-left wpds-c-kSOqLF-igqYgPb-css ments hi-for-prt"><svg xmlns=" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fBqPWp "><path d="M14 14V2H2v9.47h8.18L12.43 13ZM3 10.52V3h10v9.23l-2.5-1.66Z"></path></svg><span></span> Comments</button></div></div></div><div class="grid-center grid-body"><div></div></div></ma></div><div class="grid-center grid-mobile-full-bleed"><div class="hi-for-prt ml-to mr-to mt-md pt-lg recirc" data-qa="recirc"><div class="flex-l jtify-center hi-for-prt"><div class="pr-sm ml-sm ml-0-ns b-l br-l bc-gray-darkt more-om-post"><div></div><div class="dn db-l pb-md pt-md"><div data-qa="newsletter" class="hi-for-prt relative"><div class="dib w-100"><div><div class="flex jtify-center align self-center center transn-all duratn-400 ease--out" data-qa="sc-newsletter-signup" aria-label=""><svg aria-labelledby="react-aria-1-aria" role="img" viewBox="0 0 100 80"><tle id="react-aria-1-aria">Loadg... .

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