Atralian pleads guilty to killg gay Amerin 1988 : NPR

gay refugees australia

Two gay refuge who fell love at the N tentn mp say they are virtually prisoners their home: holed up fear for their liv after beg bashed and verbally abed a natn where homosexualy is illegal." name="scriptn

Contents:

NEWS HOME NEWS LOOKG INTO: ATRALIA’S APPROACH TO LGBTIQ ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGE GO BACK TO NEWSLOOKG INTO: ATRALIA’S APPROACH TO LGBTIQ ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEPUBLISHED 02 JUL 2017BY JASME DAWSONDARW BELL/ FLICKRTHE TREATMENT OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, TERSEX, AND QUEER (LGBTIQ) ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGE WHO SEEK ASYLUM ATRALIA IS OFTEN DISCRIMATORY AND PERSECUTORY. WH 75 UNTRI STILL CRIMALISG SAME-SEX ACTS, PEOPLE FLEEG PERSECUTN BEE THEY ARE LGBTIQ E OM ALL RNERS OF THE GLOBE. THEY ATTEMPT TO ARRIVE TO ATRALIA BY PERILO JOURNEY AT SEA, OR REGULARLY ARRIVE ON TOURIST, STUNT, OR WORKG VISAS. LGBTIQ REFUGE SEEK SAFETY ATRALIA, YET OUR POLICI AND PRACTIC REPRENT A HYPOCRIL ATTU TOWARD LGBTIQ RIGHTS.WHILE THOSE ATRALIA WH CIZENSHIP N ENJOY THE PROTECTN OF WORLD CLASS ANTI-DISCRIMATN LEGISLATN, WE ACTIVELY SEND LGBTIQ ASYLUM SEEKERS TO PLAC WHERE THEY ARE LIKELY TO BE PERSECUTED, AS WELL AS ROUTELY VLATE THE RIGHTS OF THOSE WHO MAKE CLAIMS ON-SHORE.[1]OFFSHORE DETENTNON 18 OCTOBER 2016, THE HEAD OF IMMIGRATN MIKE PEZZULLO STATED A SENATE TIMAT HEARG THAT WAS ‘NO NCERN’ OF ATRALIA’S THAT GAY REFUGE WERE BEG TAED PAPUA NEW GUEA (PNG), WHERE SAME-SEX ACTS BETWEEN MEN N LEAD TO IMPRISONMENT OF 14 YEARS. PEZZULLO STATED THAT “WE HAVE ENOUGH ON OUR PLATE” AND THAT THE ATRALIAN ERNMENT WASN’T OBLIGATED TO VTIGATE WHETHER SAME-SEX ATTRACTED REFUGE FACED PERSECUTN PNG. SUCH A NONCHALANT APPROACH TO THE HARM AND FEAR FACED BY SAME-SEX ATTRACTED REFUGE PNG AND N IS CREDIBLY DISAPPOTG GIVEN THAT THE ATRALIAN PUBLIC HAS KNOWN OF SAME-SEX ATTRACTED REFUGE PNG SCE AT LEAST 2013. IN AMNTY INTERNATNAL’S REPORT ‘THIS IS BREAKG PEOPLE’, FOR EXAMPLE, WAS REPORTED THAT RENATE CROCKER, THE MOST SENR ATRALIAN IMMIGRATN OFFICIAL ON MAN AT THE TIME, HAD TOLD REFUGE ON MAN THAT STANC OF SAME-SEX ACTS THE TENTN CENTRE ULD BE REPORTED TO THE LOL POLICE.SIARLY, WHILE N CRIMALISED SAME-SEX ACTS BETWEEN MEN 2016, WE KNOW OF AT LEAST ONE IRANIAN UPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ATTACKED BOTH TENTN AND MUNY BEE OF THEIR SEXUALY. THE UPLE, NIMA AND ASHKAN, WERE TOLD BY ATRALIAN ERNMENT REPRENTATIV BEFORE THEIR RELEASE 2014 TO HI THEIR SEXUALY TO ENSURE THEIR OWN SAFETY N. THIS IS DIRECT NTRADICTN WH ATRALIA’S OWN GUIDANCE, AS WELL AS UN GUIDANCE, WHICH PROVIS THAT A REFUGEE SHOULD NEVER BE REQUIRED TO BE ‘DISCREET’ OR HI THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATN OR GENR INTY ORR TO SECURE THEIR OWN PROTECTN. THIS WAS NFIRMED THE FLUENTIAL UNED KGDOM 2010 SE OF HJ (IRAN) AND HT (CAMEROON) WHERE LORD ROGER HELD,…SO FAR AS THE SOCIAL GROUP OF GAY PEOPLE IS NCERNED, THE UNRLYG RATNALE OF THE CONVENTN IS THAT THEY SHOULD BE ABLE TO LIVE EELY AND OPENLY AS GAY MEN AND LBIAN WOMEN, WHOUT FEARG THAT THEY MAY SUGGT HARM OF THE REQUISE TENSY OR DURATN BEE THEY ARE GAY OR LBIAN. THE HOME STATE SHOULD PROTECT THEM AND SO ENABLE THEM TO LIVE THAT WAY.EVINCE IS SRCE ON THE EXPERIENC OF LGBTIQ PEOPLE TENTN ATRALIA. RECENTLY, THE UK LBIAN AND GAY IMMIGRATN GROUP (UKLGIG) RELEASED THEIR REPORT NO SAFE REFUGE WHICH FOUND THATLGBT ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE IMMIGRATN TENTN AND FACE SIGNIFINT DISADVANTAG AND DANGERS. IN TENTN THEY EXPERIENCE DISCRIMATN, HARASSMENT AND VLENCE OM OTHER TAE AND OM MEMBERS OF STAFF. THE TENTN ENVIRONMENT HAS SER LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON THEIR MENTAL AND PHYSIL WELL-BEG.WHETHER STAFF ATRALIAN TENTN CENTR ARE AQUATELY TRAED ON THE CREASED VULNERABILI AND HARM FACED BY LGBTIQ PEOPLE TENTN IS UNKNOWN, BUT ALSO, UNLIKELY.THE ASYLUM PROCSMISTREATMENT OF LGBTIQ REFUGE IS SADLY NOT RTRICTED TO THEIR EXPERIENCE TENTN. THERE ARE NUMERO EXAMPL RECENT YEARS OF SEXUALLY EXPLIC AND STEREOTYPIL L OF QUTNG TRIBUNAL AND URTS TO ASCERTA THE CREDIBILY OF NON-HETEROSEXUAL ASYLUM APPLINTS. FOR EXAMPLE, REFUGE HAVE FELT PELLED TO PRODUCE SEXUALLY EXPLIC DOCUMENTATN AND HAVE BEEN ASKED ABOUT THEIR SEXUAL PRACTIC.COMPARABLE JURISDICTNS, SUCH AS THE EU, HAVE DISALLOWED SUCH QUTNG. IN A 2014 SE, THE COURT JTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNN FOUND THAT AN APPLINT’S RIGHTS TO PRIVACY AND HUMAN DIGNY WOULD BE VLATED WHERE ASSSMENTS OF ASYLUM CLAIMS CLUD THE E OF STEREOTYP, QUTNS ABOUT SEXUAL PRACTIC, REVIEWG OR ACCEPTG SEXUALLY EXPLIC EVINCE, AND DISCREDG AN APPLINT BEE THEY DID NOT SELF-INTIFY AS LGBT AT THE FIRST STANCE.AND YET, THE ELEMENTS STILL APPEAR ATRALIAN CISNS. LIKELY, THIS IS DUE TO THE LACK OF TRAG FOR CISN MAKERS AND IMMIGRATN OFFICIALS, AS WELL AS LIMED GUIDANCE ON SEXUAL ORIENTATN, GENR INTY, AND TERSEX BASED CLAIMS THE MATERIALS PROVID BY ATRALIAN ADMISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL (AAT).IT IS STATED BRIEFLY THE MIGRATN AND REFUGEE DIVISN GUIL ON GENR THAT ‘WHEN NDUCTG A HEARG BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATN OR GENR INTY, A MEMBER (THE TRIBUNAL CISN MAKER) SHOULD ASK QUTNS RELATN TO THE APPLINT’S REALISATN AND EXPERIENCE OF SEXUAL ORIENTATN OR GENR INTY RATHER THAN QUTNS THAT FOC ON SEXUAL ACTS’. HOWEVER, THE GUIL ON THE ASSSMENT OF CREDIBILY NO LIMATNS ON L OF QUTN ARE PROVID, AND STEAD THE SE OF WAIH V MIMA [2003] IS REFERENCED, WHICH FERAL MAGISTRATE RAPHAEL ENDORS THE NECSY OF ‘EMBARRASSG’ L OF QUTNG SEXUAL ORIENTATN BASED CLAIMS. RAPHAEL FM EXPLAS THAT:[A]NY VTIGATN TO A PERSON’S SEXUAL ORIENTATN IS AN VASIVE AND EMBARRASSG AFFAIR. SEXUAL ORIENTATN IS SENTIALLY A VERY SUBJECTIVE MATTER. IT IS NOT EASILY RENCILED WH THE NOTN OF OBJECTIVE PROOF. BUT WHERE AN APPLINT IS CLAIMG PROTECTN ON THE GROUNDS OF HIS MEMBERSHIP OF THAT SOCIAL GROUP NSTUTED BY HOMOSEXUALS THEN HIS SEXUAL ORIENTATN IS A MATTER UPON WHICH THE MISTER IS REQUIRED TO BE SATISFIED.THIS APPEARS TO ENDORSE RATHER THAN RTRICT L OF QUTNG THAT PARABLE JURISDICTNS MAY NSTUTE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT VLATNS. IN ORR TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF LGBTIQ REFUGE DURG THEIR PROCSG, AT THE VERY LEAST THE ERNMENT NEEDS TO VT SPECIFIC AND TAILED GUIL AS THE UK HAS BEGUN TO DO SO, FOR EXAMPLE.THERE ARE MANY STEPS AND POLICY SHIFTS THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN ORR TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF LGBTIQ PEOPLE SEEKG ASYLUM ATRALIA, CLUDG TRAG FOR IMMIGRATN STAFF AND CISN MAKERS, THE CSATN OF OFFSHORE TENTN, AND PROVISN OF SERVIC THAT MEET THE PARTICULAR NEEDS OF LGBTIQ ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGE. UNFORTUNATELY, IMPROVEMENTS ARE UNLIKELY WHILE ATRALIA’S BROAR BORR POLICI NTUE TO TIGHTEN AND ENSURE HUMAN RIGHTS VLATNS THE PROCS.ORIGALLY PUBLISHED ASYLUM INSIGHT NOVEMBER 2016NOT[1] THIS PIECE PRIMARILY ADDRSED THE KEY ISSU FACG PEOPLE SEEKG ASYLUM BASED ON THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATN AND IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE, SPE SOME SHARED EXPERIENC, THE ACUNTS OF NON-HETEROSEXUAL REFUGE ARE NOT TERCHANGEABLE WH GENR DIVERSE, TERSEX, AND OTHER QUEER REFUGE.SIGN UP FOR ATRALIAN OUTLOOK AND AIIA NEWSLETTERS

* gay refugees australia *

Lookg Into: Atralia’s Approach to LGBTIQ Asylum Seekers and Refuge - Atralian Instute of Internatnal Affairs - Atralian Instute of Internatnal Affairs Search Jo Donate About Us Atralian Outlook Natnal Conference Events Stat/Terrori Membership News Publitns Rourc Fd an Expert Youth and Communy Contact Us Follow Facebook Twter YouTube LkedIn Feed Member Log News Home News Lookg Into: Atralia’s Approach to LGBTIQ Asylum Seekers and Refuge Go back to NewsLookg Into: Atralia’s Approach to LGBTIQ Asylum Seekers and RefugeDarw Bell/ FlickrThe treatment of lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, tersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) asylum seekers and refuge who seek asylum Atralia is often discrimatory and persecutory.

[1]Offshore DetentnOn 18 October 2016, the head of Immigratn Mike Pezzullo stated a Senate timat hearg that was ‘no ncern’ of Atralia’s that gay refuge were beg taed Papua New Guea (PNG), where same-sex acts between men n lead to imprisonment of 14 years. This was nfirmed the fluential Uned Kgdom 2010 se of HJ (Iran) and HT (Cameroon) where Lord Roger held, …so far as the social group of gay people is ncerned, the unrlyg ratnale of the Conventn is that they should be able to live eely and openly as gay men and lbian women, whout fearg that they may suggt harm of the requise tensy or duratn bee they are gay or lbian. Recently, the UK Lbian and Gay Immigratn Group (UKLGIG) released their report No Safe Refuge which found thatLGBT asylum seekers are particularly vulnerable immigratn tentn and face signifint disadvantag and dangers.

ATRALIA ASKED GAY ASYLUM SEEKERS IF THEY COULD PRETEND TO BE STRAIGHT TO STAY SAFE AT HOME

But where an applint is claimg protectn on the grounds of his membership of that social group nstuted by homosexuals then his sexual orientatn is a matter upon which the Mister is required to be appears to endorse rather than rtrict l of qutng that parable jurisdictns may nstute fundamental human right vlatns. Gay asylum seekers seekg protectn Atralia were asked by ernment officials if they uld pretend to be straight to avoid persecutn their home qutng by Atralian immigratn officers is revealed a 2018 ternal review of 21 terviews wh people seekg asylum bee of their sexual orientatn or genr inty, which BuzzFeed News obtaed unr eedom of rmatn four of the 21 randomly-chosen terviews, asylum seekers were asked whether they uld be discreet about their homosexualy to avoid harm if they were returned to their home had claimed they were discreet about their sexualy Atralia as well as their home untri.

Their terviewers then asked whether they uld ntue to be discreet — effectively, if they uld stay the closet — to avoid harm if they were returned to their home the fourth se, an openly gay Iranian man was asked how he would have to live Iran, and whether he would have to be discreet or uld live openly as a gay 2003, cidg on a se of two men who claimed protectn bee they were gay and a relatnship but were not out Banglash, Atralia's hight urt led that sexualy-based claims uld not be dismissed simply bee a person uld act discreetly their home untry.

"Worse still, applints who say they rema heterosexually married to avoid brgg shame on themselv and their fai, are simply not believed to be gay. [marriage] do not mean that the applint is not homosexual as social prsur may have forced them to nform to cultural norms, " wrote the review's three s, officials asked qutns that were appropriately personal, or that misunrstood how sexualy might reasonably be exprsed or hidn. About an hour to one terview, the immigratn officer asked the applint: "Why do you thk you are gay?

GAY REFUGE ON N 'PRISONERS' THEIR HOME AS ATRALIA PREPAR TO CELEBRATE MARDI GRAS

"In another terview, the officer looked at the asylum seeker's phone for apps and msag for evince he was gay, and asked tailed qutns about the person's datg profil. Gay refuge on N 'prisoners' their home as Atralia prepar to celebrate Mardi GrasTwo gay refuge who fell love at the N tentn mp say they are virtually prisoners their home: holed up fear for their liv after beg bashed and verbally abed a natn where homosexualy is Sydney prepar for Saturday night's Mardi Gras para - an event that shows Atralia as a global mol of acceptance of gay and lbian people - the feral ernment is refg to rcue the two young Iranian men sent to a untry where they uld be jailed for their sexual orientatn, acrdg to lawyers. A digally altered photo of two gay Iranian refuge, Nima and Ashkan, who say they are beg persecuted at N, where homosexualy is illegal.

Ashkan allegedly suffered ncsn and was kept overnightIn an attack the followg month, Nima was allegedly punched the head by two men on motorbik, who yelled "you f***g gays". A spokman for the Department of Immigratn and Borr Protectn said was "aware of an cint volvg the dividuals" and law enforcement N was the rponsibily of the island's spokman said ncerns about the treatment of gay people are nsired prr to a taee's transfer to that untry. The Atralian ernment knowgly and liberately allows gay men to be warehoed on ty islands where they face asslts, prejudice and extremely harsh crimal penalti, " she HRLC says former human rights missner Tim Wilson was notified of the se and raised wh the ernment.

ARE YOU REALLY GAY ENOUGH TO BE A REFUGEE?

Senthon Raj discs how pop culture stereotyp about homosexualy enable burecratic vlence towards refuge for the 16 Days of Activism Agast Genr Vlence. Not much really, other than the fact that Atralian refugee cisns are saturated wh the stereotyp – stereotyp that have been ed to terme whether a person is “genuely” gay and subject to a “well-found fear of persecutn.

” As a gay man who some policians would class as “ele” bee I live the ner cy suburb of Sydney and prefer vtg books than mortgag, I uld tell you very ltle about Osr Wil’s lerary ntributns. Yet, for same-sex attracted refuge, the mand to prove “gay inty” is no joke.

OFFSPRG STAR JOS ASIE CELEBS LL TO EE GAY REFUGEE

Sce 1992, Atralia has regnised that sexual mori (or, more specifilly “homosexuals” of a particular untry) n be regnised as a “particular social group” for the purpos of seekg asylum unr the Conventn Relatg to the Stat of Refuge 1951 and the associated 1967 Protol. ” Specifilly, if a gay or lbian refugee had the dacy to kiss or hold hands public, the persecutn they faced was a nsequence of their visibily (or lack of discretn).

In one se om 2010, a gay asylum seeker om Lebanon lamented:. Although I was happy to fally be a untry where I uld be open about my homosexualy, do not mean that overnight I would turn to a promiscuo person willg to engage homosexual activi wh any man that I met. Apparently, beg gay is necsarily synonymo wh wantg to be sexually active.

Acrdg to the Department of Immigratn and Cizenship legate, she “had merely adopted the persona of a homosexual” for a protectn visa. I have kept my homosexualy private Uganda bee I fear for my life. Is that hard to believe that a untry attemptg to further crimalise homosexualy and where support groups for sexual mori are nsistently raid, that someone would be silent about not beg heterosexual?

GAY AND LBIAN REFUGE

What a tch-22: eher you are too gay, or you are not gay enough.

Our experienc of beg lbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or however else you intify is specific to our cultural and geographil ntext, and that means is not always ntgent on a shared love of Kylie Mogue or Beyoncé.

AN ATRALIAN MAN PLEADS GUILTY TO MANSLGHTER ATH OF A GAY AMERIN 1988

This is even more worryg bee Atralia’s offshore tentn, procsg, and (temporary) rettlement of refuge for the past three years has been done untri that crimalise homosexualy (N only crimalised homosexualy 2016).

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY REFUGEES AUSTRALIA

Gay and lbian refuge - ABC Rad Natnal</tle><meta name="tle" ntent="Gay and lbian refuge - ABC Rad Natnal"/><meta name="scriptn" ntent="Some refuge seek asylum on the basis of their sexualy. We look at a recent and plex se volvg a Pakistani man -- do Refugee Review Tribunal members need more rmatn and trag when alg wh such s?"/><meta name="keywords" ntent="gay, lbian, refuge, refugee review tribunal, sexualy issu"/><lk rel="nonil" href="><lk rel="in" type="image/png" href="/re-assets/radnatnal/"/><lk rel="in" type="image/svg+xml" href="/re-assets/radnatnal/"/><lk rel="mask-in" lor="black" href="/re-assets/radnatnal/"/><lk rel="apple-touch-in" href="><lk rel="preload" href=" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorig="anonymo"/><lk rel="preload" href=" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorig="anonymo"/><lk rel="preload" href=" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorig="anonymo"/><meta property="ABC.ContentType" ntent="dsegment"/><meta property="ABC.ContentSource" ntent="remedia"/><meta name="generator" ntent="PL Rad Natnal"/><meta property="ABC.Generator" ntent="PL Rad Natnal"/><meta name="ContentId" ntent="3231262"/><meta property="ABC.ContentId" ntent="3231262"/><meta name="ABC.VersnNumber" ntent="5"/><meta name="" ntent="ABC Rad Natnal"/><meta property="article:thor" ntent="><meta property="article:thor" ntent="><meta property="article:thor" ntent="><meta property="article:thor" ntent="><meta property="article:thor" ntent="><meta property="article:expiratn_time" ntent="2007-07-16T22:30:00+00:00"/><meta property="article:tag" ntent="gay"/><meta property="article:tag" ntent="lbian"/><meta property="article:tag" ntent="refuge"/><meta property="article:tag" ntent="refugee review tribunal"/><meta property="article:tag" ntent="sexualy issu"/><meta property="article:published_time" ntent="2007-06-18T22:30:00+00:00"/><script type="applitn/ld+json">{"@ntext":","@type":"Article","thor":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jenni Millbank"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Kerry Nettle,"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Ghassan Kassisieh,"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Ana Barrd"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Kyla Brettle"}],"dateModified":"2011-11-16T22:52:01+00:00","datePublished":"2007-06-18T22:30:00+00:00","scriptn":"Some refuge seek asylum on the basis of their sexualy. We look at a recent and plex se volvg a Pakistani man -- do Refugee Review Tribunal members need more rmatn and trag when alg wh such s?","headle":"Gay and lbian refuge","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":630,"url":"/re-assets/radnatnal/","width":840},"keywords":"gay,lbian,refuge,refugee review tribunal,sexualy issu","maEntyOfPage":","publisher":{"@type":"Organizatn","name":"ABC Rad Natnal","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":60,"url":"","width":388}}}</script><meta property="article:modified_time" ntent="2011-11-16T22:52:01+00:00"/><meta property="og:url" ntent="><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="Some refuge seek asylum on the basis of their sexualy. We look at a recent and plex se volvg a Pakistani man -- do Refugee Review Tribunal members need more rmatn and trag when alg wh such s?"/><meta property="og:tle" ntent="Gay and lbian refuge - ABC Rad Natnal"/><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse"/><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@radnatnal"/><meta name="twter:image" ntent="/re-assets/radnatnal/"/><meta property="og:image" ntent="/re-assets/radnatnal/"/><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="ABC Rad Natnal"/><meta property="og:updated_time" ntent="2011-11-16T22:52:01+00:00"/><meta name="next-head-unt" ntent="51"/><meta name="next-requt-stat" ntent="200"/><script id="google-tag-manager" type="text/javascript" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">dataLayer=[{"applitn":{"ctomPageview":te,"environment":"productn","generatorName":"PL CORE NEXT","generatorVersn":"0.0.0","platform":"web","product":"PL Rad Natnal"},"bug":{"schemaVersn":"20180625"}}];(functn(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l]({'':new Date().getTime(),event:''});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';;''+i+dl;sertBefore(j,f);})(wdow,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PB2GX');</script><script id="overri-lazy-load" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">!functn(a){"loadg"!==document.readyState?a():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoad",a)}(functn(){for(var e=document.querySelectorAll("img"),d=[],a=0;a<;a++){var b=e[a],(document.documentElement.clientHeight,nerHeight),(document.documentElement.clientWidth,nerWidth);if(b.parentElement){var c=b.parentElement.getBoundgClientRect();>0&&>0&&>0&&<0&&>0&&<0&&(b)}}for(var a=0;a<;a++){var b=d[a];b.hasAttribute("data-lazy")&&b.removeAttribute("data-lazy")}for(var a=0;a<;a++){var b=d[a];"lazy"===b.loadg&&(b.loadg="eager")}})</script><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-g=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script fer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pag/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pag/%5BproductSlug%5D/programs/%5BproductPageSlug%5D/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/XMjvJBFucqNFyOol9yKz3/" fer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/XMjvJBFucqNFyOol9yKz3/" fer=""></script></head><body><script> </script><div id="__next"><noscript><iame src=" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibily:hidn"></iame></noscript><div class="BrandStyl_base__P_05n BrandStyl_radnatnal__wkqvz BrandStyl_masterLight__DdaN5" data-ponent="BrandStyl"><div id="app-ntaer" class="GlobalStyl_dls___J5Yr" data-ponent="GlobalStyl"><div data-ponent="Lotn"><div></div><hear class="Masthead_masthead__90g1k" data-ponent="MastheadBox" style="top:0px"><a class="ScreenRearSkipToContent_skipLk__ZXOqn ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv ScreenRearOnly_focable__xp3DW" data-ponent="ScreenRearSkipToContent" href="#ntent">Skip to ma ntent</a><div class="Masthead_parentAndBrand__VvG80 Masthead_mastheadBackground__BGxJG"><div class="MastheadParent_parentMasthead__CLdPe" data-ponent="MastheadParent"><div data-ponent="MastheadLogo" class=""><a href="/" class="MastheadLogoLk_lk__wLQU0 MastheadLogo_logoLk__7X_c_" data-ponent="MastheadLogoLk"><span class="MastheadLogoLk_logo__XY0lt"><svg aria-hidn="te" class="MastheadLogo_brandLogo__k88mE BrandLogo_svg__W378d" data-ponent="ABCLogo" height="44" prerveAspectRat="xMYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 101 44" width="101" xmlns="><path d="M5.625 10.044h.188c1.151 0 2.501.5 3.475 1.619.412.412 1.217 2.34 1.29 2.515l.004.012 4.957 13.214c.288.743.886 1.175 1.494 1.22a1.616 1.616 0 001.513-.97l.058-.15 1.56-4.157 2.634 6.906c-1.295 2.328-2.534 2.927-3.983 3.459a7.026 7.026 0 01-1.385.265l-.353.023h-.486c-1.074-.033-2.136-.321-2.988-.82-.467-.319-1.675-1.116-2.534-3.036l-.11-.257-5.223-14.555V28.59l.077-.221 1.915-5.388 2.478 7.006c-.376 1.619-1.505 2.971-2.855 3.614-.436.2-.783.318-1.207.368l-.22.02H5.79a5.028 5.028 0 01-3.02-.81c-1.281-.932-1.691-2.058-1.763-3.95L1 28.968V14.578c.155-2.372 1.66-3.67 3.01-4.257.57-.197.852-.262 1.397-.275l.218-.002h.188zM90.341 10c4.467 0 8.127 2.36 9.49 6.108l.092.264.143.406-.385.22c-.143.088-.967.472-2.538 1.208-.416.208-.76.362-.872.415l-.03.014-.593.297-.164-.638c-.517-1.834-2.121-3.823-5.088-3.823-3.704 0-5.825 2.692-5.825 7.383 0 3.67 1.506 7.58 5.715 7.58 2.291 0 4.163-1.25 5.051-3.353l.092-.228.208-.539 4.495 2.022-.22.494c-1.681 3.834-5.374 6.163-9.692 6.163-.143 0-.286 0-.429-.01-6.395-.187-10.362-4.78-10.362-11.964 0-8.668 5.472-11.887 10.582-12.008.11-.011.22-.011.33-.011zm-59.09.787c1.303.976 1.693 2.052 1.744 3.997l.005.27V29.4c-.155 2.416-1.715 3.713-3.065 4.312-.586.221-.863.277-1.56.277-1.184 0-2.689-.444-3.663-1.674-.401-.413-1.206-2.35-1.278-2.526l-.005-.013-4.957-13.147a1.989 1.989 0 00-1.605-1.22c-.565-.01-1.13.295-1.438.96l-.067.16-1.504 4.157-2.634-6.961c1.284-2.328 2.523-2.86 3.972-3.404.415-.138.96-.223 1.451-.266l.287-.022v-.01h.11l.056-.006.055-.006v.011c1.173-.011 2.346.255 3.275.843.467.308 1.665 1.064 2.524 2.98l.11.257 5.167 14.6V15.386l-.122.355-1.814 5.255-2.468-7.017c.321-1.563 1.505-2.916 2.844-3.559.327-.16.726-.27 1.099-.335l.273-.042v-.01h.1c.01-.012.022-.012.022-.012 1.084-.089 2.18.21 3.087.765zM51.012 10l8.462 23.763h-5.495L52.11 28.28h-8.044l-1.868 5.482h-5.462L45.186 10h5.825zm18.571 0c3.583 0 7.847 1.066 7.847 6.141 0 2.153-.902 4.01-2.374 5.032 1.901 1 3 2.977 2.978 5.504 0 4.407-2.928 6.985-8.058 7.083l-.305.003H60V10h9.582zm-.186 13.71H65.22v5.504h4.505c2.055 0 3.077-.89 3.132-2.724.022-.802-.198-1.45-.637-1.9-.572-.572-1.539-.88-2.824-.88zm-21.297-6.734l-2.495 6.767h4.934l-2.44-6.767zm21.428-2.516H65.22v4.68h4.154c1.9 0 2.857-.835 2.857-2.504 0-1.011-.308-2.176-2.704-2.176z" fill="currentColor" fill-le="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">ABC</span></span></a></div><div class="MastheadParent_actns__loGob"><a href=" class="global-search-lk_lk__yZ7eR MastheadParent_searchLk__1n0qk" data-ponent="GlobalSearchLk"><svg xmlns=" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" height="1em" data-ponent="Search" class="in_in__BezvR global-search-lk_in__YUQN7 in_size24__1oTgD" aria-hidn="te"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="m21 21-6.904-6.904m0 0a6.5 6.5 0 1 0-9.192-9.192 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 9.192 9.192z"></path></svg><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">Search</span></a><div class="MastheadParent_globalLog___GeYD" data-ponent="GlobalLogLoar" role="img" aria-label="Loadg ABC Acunt stat"><div class="global-log_skeletonLoar__OgKG2"><div class="global-log_skeletonAvatar___E12h global-log_shimmer__dSe2R"></div><div class="global-log_skeletonName__yxtee global-log_shimmer__dSe2R"></div><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">Loadg</span></div></div><button class="MastheadParent_globalNavButton__ONbYw global-navigatn-button_openButton__9xhrL" type="button" data-ponent="GlobalNavigatnButton"><svg xmlns=" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" height="1em" data-ponent="Drawer" class="in_in__BezvR global-navigatn-button_in__ibfas in_size20__uN3m_" aria-hidn="te"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M21 12H3"></path><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M21 6H3"></path><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M21 18H3"></path></svg><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">More om ABC</span></button><div class="global-navigatn-ntent_drawer__XIsPy Drawer_drawerPanel__cwo96 Drawer_drawerPanel__cwo96" data-ponent="GlobalNavigatn" id="global-navigatn-drawer"><nav aria-label="More om ABC" class="global-navigatn-ntent_drawerContent__dfhpC" data-uri="app://module/globalnavigatnntent"><h2 class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly" id="dls-global-navigatn__label" tabx="-1">More om ABC</h2><div class="global-navigatn-ntent_actnsWrapper__umHsB"><button class="global-navigatn-button_closeButton__Zfw2M" type="button" data-ponent="GlobalNavigatnButton"><svg xmlns=" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" height="1em" data-ponent="Close" class="in_in__BezvR global-navigatn-button_in__ibfas in_size20__uN3m_" aria-hidn="te"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M19 19 5 5"></path><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M5 19 19 5"></path></svg><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">Close menu</span></button><a href=" class="global-navigatn-ntent_logoLk__a__oi lk_foc__WeZws lk_unrleNone__PmrQv" tabx="0"><svg aria-hidn="te" class="global-navigatn-ntent_logo__VtKA0 BrandLogo_svg__W378d" data-ponent="ABCLogo" height="44" prerveAspectRat="xMYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 101 44" width="101" xmlns="><path d="M5.625 10.044h.188c1.151 0 2.501.5 3.475 1.619.412.412 1.217 2.34 1.29 2.515l.004.012 4.957 13.214c.288.743.886 1.175 1.494 1.22a1.616 1.616 0 001.513-.97l.058-.15 1.56-4.157 2.634 6.906c-1.295 2.328-2.534 2.927-3.983 3.459a7.026 7.026 0 01-1.385.265l-.353.023h-.486c-1.074-.033-2.136-.321-2.988-.82-.467-.319-1.675-1.116-2.534-3.036l-.11-.257-5.223-14.555V28.59l.077-.221 1.915-5.388 2.478 7.006c-.376 1.619-1.505 2.971-2.855 3.614-.436.2-.783.318-1.207.368l-.22.02H5.79a5.028 5.028 0 01-3.02-.81c-1.281-.932-1.691-2.058-1.763-3.95L1 28.968V14.578c.155-2.372 1.66-3.67 3.01-4.257.57-.197.852-.262 1.397-.275l.218-.002h.188zM90.341 10c4.467 0 8.127 2.36 9.49 6.108l.092.264.143.406-.385.22c-.143.088-.967.472-2.538 1.208-.416.208-.76.362-.872.415l-.03.014-.593.297-.164-.638c-.517-1.834-2.121-3.823-5.088-3.823-3.704 0-5.825 2.692-5.825 7.383 0 3.67 1.506 7.58 5.715 7.58 2.291 0 4.163-1.25 5.051-3.353l.092-.228.208-.539 4.495 2.022-.22.494c-1.681 3.834-5.374 6.163-9.692 6.163-.143 0-.286 0-.429-.01-6.395-.187-10.362-4.78-10.362-11.964 0-8.668 5.472-11.887 10.582-12.008.11-.011.22-.011.33-.011zm-59.09.787c1.303.976 1.693 2.052 1.744 3.997l.005.27V29.4c-.155 2.416-1.715 3.713-3.065 4.312-.586.221-.863.277-1.56.277-1.184 0-2.689-.444-3.663-1.674-.401-.413-1.206-2.35-1.278-2.526l-.005-.013-4.957-13.147a1.989 1.989 0 00-1.605-1.22c-.565-.01-1.13.295-1.438.96l-.067.16-1.504 4.157-2.634-6.961c1.284-2.328 2.523-2.86 3.972-3.404.415-.138.96-.223 1.451-.266l.287-.022v-.01h.11l.056-.006.055-.006v.011c1.173-.011 2.346.255 3.275.843.467.308 1.665 1.064 2.524 2.98l.11.257 5.167 14.6V15.386l-.122.355-1.814 5.255-2.468-7.017c.321-1.563 1.505-2.916 2.844-3.559.327-.16.726-.27 1.099-.335l.273-.042v-.01h.1c.01-.012.022-.012.022-.012 1.084-.089 2.18.21 3.087.765zM51.012 10l8.462 23.763h-5.495L52.11 28.28h-8.044l-1.868 5.482h-5.462L45.186 10h5.825zm18.571 0c3.583 0 7.847 1.066 7.847 6.141 0 2.153-.902 4.01-2.374 5.032 1.901 1 3 2.977 2.978 5.504 0 4.407-2.928 6.985-8.058 7.083l-.305.003H60V10h9.582zm-.186 13.71H65.22v5.504h4.505c2.055 0 3.077-.89 3.132-2.724.022-.802-.198-1.45-.637-1.9-.572-.572-1.539-.88-2.824-.88zm-21.297-6.734l-2.495 6.767h4.934l-2.44-6.767zm21.428-2.516H65.22v4.68h4.154c1.9 0 2.857-.835 2.857-2.504 0-1.011-.308-2.176-2.704-2.176z" fill="currentColor" fill-le="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="ScreenRearOnly_srOnly__aJfWv" data-ponent="ScreenRearOnly">ABC</span></a></div><div data-uri="app://module/globalnavigatnems"><svg xmlns=" style="display:none"><symbol viewBox="0 0 233 76" id="iview-global-navigatn-logo"><tle>iview .

TOP