Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. (2003). <i>Edutnal rearch: Competenci for analysis and applitn </i>(7<SUP>th</SUP> ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Edutn.

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS
• TWENTY YEARS AFTER A BREAKTHROUGH TEXAS SE LNCHED A NEW ERA OF GAY RIGHTS, TRANS PEOPLE ARE STILL THE FIGHT
• SUPREME URT OVERTURNS GAY SEX LAW
• BLOCK OR REPORT GAY2003
• THE SUPREME COURT: HOMOSEXUAL RIGHTS; JUSTICES, 6-3, LEGALIZE GAY SEXUAL CONDUCT IN SWEEPING REVERSAL OF COURT'S '86 RULING
• FIFTEEN YEARS AFTER LANDMARK GAY RIGHTS SE, SAME-SEX UPL TEXAS STILL FACE CHALLENG URT

GAY RIGHTS

Missouri's hate crime statut explicly addrs both sexual orientatn, fed as "male or female heterosexualy, homosexualy or bisexualy by clatn, practice, inty or exprsn, " and genr inty, fed as "havg a self-image or inty not tradnally associated wh one's genr. Producg homophobic material n rry up to one year's imprisnmentJuly 1Servg openly ary be lbians, gays, bisexuals permted, transgenr people of Medil Service Valery Kulikov stated that "the new statute about ary and medil expertise om July 1, 2003 do not forbid people of non-standard sexual orientatn om servg the ary. Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter.

Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels. Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze.

Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

TWENTY YEARS AFTER A BREAKTHROUGH TEXAS SE LNCHED A NEW ERA OF GAY RIGHTS, TRANS PEOPLE ARE STILL THE FIGHT

That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn.

" This sign was wrten by the Mattache Society–an early anizatn dited to fightg for gay reportg the events, The New York Daily News rorted to homophobic slurs s tailed verage, nng the headle: “Homo Nt Raid, Queen Be Are Stgg Mad. 1 / 12: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagChristopher Street Liberatn Day Shortly after the Stonewall uprisg, members of the Mattache Society spl off to form the Gay Liberatn Front, a radil group that lnched public monstratns, protts and nontatns wh polil officials.

SUPREME URT OVERTURNS GAY SEX LAW

Siar groups followed, cludg the Gay Activists Alliance, Radilbians, and Street Transvt Actn Revolutnari (STAR) 1970, at the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Rts, New York Cy muny members marched through lol streets memoratn of the event. Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri. In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985.

But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn.

In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth. Origal tle: Queer Eye for the Straight GuyTV Seri2003–2007TV-141hFive gay men try to improve the liv and nfince of straight men by givg them makeovers and gay men try to improve the liv and nfince of straight men by givg them makeovers and gay men try to improve the liv and nfince of straight men by givg them makeovers and productn, box office & pany Episos106More like thisReview I watch this every weekLet's face some people need a kick the pants if not a new pair of pants.

BLOCK OR REPORT GAY2003

It would be jt as good if the word 'gay' was never ed, but the ments wouldn't be as clever (like when Kyan was wearg a wboy hat that belonged to one of the their target guys and Carson lled him 'Gee Gay' (stead of Gee Straight).

THE SUPREME COURT: HOMOSEXUAL RIGHTS; JUSTICES, 6-3, LEGALIZE GAY SEXUAL CONDUCT IN SWEEPING REVERSAL OF COURT'S '86 RULING

The US supreme urt today stck down a Texas law banng gay sex, lg that the law was an unnstutnal vlatn of a victory for the gay rights movement, the urt led by 6-3 to reverse a 17-year-old cisn that stat uld punish homosexuals for what the law lled "viant" se was first brought 1998, when two men were arrted Hoton, Texas for havg homosexual sex. When officers broke , they found John Geds Lawrence and Tyron Garner engagg a sex act illegal unr Texas two men were jailed overnight and fed $200, but took the se forward an effort to overturn the is a major re-examatn of the rights and acceptance of gay people the US. More broadly, also tts a state's abily to mak a crime of what go on behd the closed bedroom doors of nsentg supreme urt lg validated the Texas law agast "viate sexual terurse wh another dividual of the same sex" argued that the law promot the stutns of marriage and fay, and that muni have the right to choose their own law "means the liv of homosexual persons", Jtice Anthony Kennedy wrote for the chief jtice, William Rehnquist, dissented, along wh jtic Anton Slia and Clarence forbiddg homosexual sex, once universal, now are rare.

Usg mostly non-profsnal actors and featurg dizzyg long-tak to make you feel the passg of time leadg up to the horrific events at a high school Portland, the film is not immediately or easily talogued as an “LGBT” film, but mak for a fascatg entry to our long-nng project, given both s director and s oblique treatment of homosexualy. His ank and unsentimental pictn of gay youth marks Elephant as an anomaly among the recent films we’ve looked at: there’s no heightened emotnal drama to ame the characters as Alan Ball’s Six Feet Unr, and no soc-cultural amework to help unrstand this muny as we had The Laramie Project. AdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTTHE SUPREME COURT: HOMOSEXUAL RIGHTSJune 27, 2003The Supreme Court issued a sweepg claratn of nstutnal liberty for gay men and lbians today, overlg a Texas sodomy law the broast possible terms and effectively apologizg for a ntrary 1986 cisn that the majory said ''means the liv of homosexual persons.

Rehnquist and Jtice Clarence Thomas signed Jtice Slia's some gay rights lawyers said that there were still abundant legal obstacl to tablishg a right eher to gay marriage or to ary service by gay soldiers, there was no doubt that the cisn had profound legal and polil implitns. Charl Francis, -chairman of the Republin Uny Coaln, a group of gay and heterosexual Republins seekg to fe the issue wh the party, said today, ''I hope the giant middle of our party n look at this cisn not as a threat but as a breakthrough for human unrstandg.

FIFTEEN YEARS AFTER LANDMARK GAY RIGHTS SE, SAME-SEX UPL TEXAS STILL FACE CHALLENG URT

By the time he referred to the digny and rpect to which he said gays were entled, several were weepg, silently but majory opn was notable many rpects: s cril dissectn of a recent precent; s e of a cisn by the European Court of Human Rights, supportg gay rights, to show that the urt unr Bowers v. The lg “gave lbian, bisexual and gay people back their digny, ” said Cala Taylor, a Lambda Legal attorney who started wh the legal advocy group 2003, jt time to watch her lleague, Pl Smh — a gay man himself — argue Lawrence before the Supreme Court. “That almost sual dismissal of the rights of gay people was characteristic of Texas urts before Lawrence, and appears to be characteristic of Texas state urts now, ” said Dale Carpenter, a Southern Methodist Universy law profsor who wrote a book on the Lawrence lg.

That clip appears The Celluloid Closet, Rob Epste and Jefey Friedman’s documentary based on Vo Rso’s study of homosexualy the movi, along wh untls exampl of how gay characters showed up, per narrator Lily Toml, as “somethg to lgh at, or somethg to py, or even somethg to fear. It is nowhere near a prehensive ndown of every great movie to feature out-and-proud hero and villas, or a queer sensibily, or even jt visible (and/or risible) exampl of gay life cema; we uld have easily ma this list twice as long. The performanc are staggerg: Al Paco as the ignom Roy Cohn; Jefey Wright is the sharp-wted gay nurse who tends to him; Mary-Louise Parker as a pill-poppg hoewife wed to a closeted Mormon; Emma Thompson as an imper (and sometim sassy) angel; and Meryl Streep four rol, cludg the ghost of Ethel Rosenberg.

It was still nsired a bad reer move for a movie star to play a gay role 2005, and Hollywood’s track rerd was ls than stellar when me to treatg homosexual romanc wh the same pth as heterosexual on (if emed f to tackle such stori at all). A page-to-screen take on Vo Rso’s semal book regardg LGBTQ reprentatn (and misreprentatn) the movi, Rob Epste and Jefey Friedman’s documentary prents the perfect show-and-tell plement to the late scholar’s work — you n lerally see the evolutn of cematic homosexualy as progrs om punchle to social pundry, sikick-and-stock-villa fodr to queers beg the hero of their own stori.

To say that William Friedk’s thriller about a serial killer targetg gay men New York was ntroversial would be puttg dly: Village Voice lumnist Arthur Bell (whose verage of murrs the Wt Village bar scene was a partial spiratn) lled the script “the worst possible nightmare of the most uptight straight”; tablishments that had agreed to operate sudnly whdrew their support; activists dispted filmg at every turn; theaters were picketed; and one massive prott led to a traffic-stoppg s- and arrts. ) But 40 years after Al Paco’s unrver p first stepped to the Mhaft, this lurid exploatn movie has been reclaimed by gay film crics such as Nathan Lee and Melissa Anrson, noticeably for the way prents the late ’70s leather-bar scene wh an almost véré-like sense of observatn.

Mixg herage-drama aspects wh outré postmorn flourish and a heightened sense of homoeroticism, the movie prents the relatnship between the two men as a polil act as much as a romantic one; Edward’s army is refashned as ACT UP-style activists, and the behd-the-scene machatns of Edward’s wife, Isabella (longtime Jarman llaborator Tilda Swton), double as a crique of Bra’s opprsive, historilly strict anti-homosexual laws. Set on the muddy, wdswept moors of Yorkshire, Francis Lee’s but feature follows Johnny (Josh O’Connor), a young gay man leadg a ad-end existence on his fay farm, and Ghehe (Alec Sereanu), a Romanian migrant worker who to help out durg lamb-birthg season.

The HIV vis h the gay muny around the same time that the personal mrr h retail shelv — which is one reason David France’s Osr-nomated film about the formatn of activist anizatn groups ACT UP and TAG (Treat Actn Group) has such a shatterg impact. Told bs and piec over 10 years — and chartg how Pl and Erik tersect and fall apart and tersect aga over time — this romantic drama is startlgly clear-eyed about the stggl of s gay characters to accept themselv as well as their partners. Blendg readgs of his work wh sequenc of geo men tuxedos dancg and cisg each other (or posg naked), the movie specifilly plac Hugh’ verse a homoerotic ntext; the work of fellow gay wrers Jam Baldw, Essex Hemphill, and Robert Bce Nugent also acpany black-and-whe scen of gay clubs, gay celebri (keep an eye out for Bronski Beat sger Jimmy Sommerville as an angel), gay inography, and gay love.

Terence McNally, who died March om plitns related to COVID-19, adapted his own Tony-wng play for director Joe Mantello, and the film is the perfect remr that McNally was one of the great chroniclers of gay love, gay relatnships, and what meant to fd a chosen fay who would support you through good tim and bad.

A heartbreakgly gentle portra of a young man’s very rough life growg up gay Miami’s impoverished Liberty Cy neighborhood, Barry Jenks’ lyril send film, prented three acts, juxtapos moments of credible tenrns between men wh bursts of sual celty. “Gay-htler die” may now seem like a Sundance cliché, but until G Van Sant’s third feature dropped dienc to the sular world of Portland’s street culture, no one had ma a movie that addrsed the subject wh such a mix of poetry and blunt honty.