Gay & Lbian Swchboard of New York - Wikiwand

gay switchboard

The Gay & Lbian Swchboard of New York is nsired the "olst operatg GLBT hotle the world". Rerds of phone lls field by volunteers, om March 1972 to July 1983, form most of the archiv of the anizatn, prerved at the New York Public Library as part of s llectn hered om the Internatnal Gay Informatn Center Archiv. In 1977, the anizatn joed wh like-md anizatns to create the jot Gay and Lbian Servic Center , while rporatg on s own as the Gay Swchboard of New York, Inc.

Contents:

ABOUT THE CENTERSCE 1983 THE CENTER HAS BEEN SUPPORTG, FOSTERG AND CELEBRATG THE LGBT MUNY OF NEW YORK CY. FD MORE RMATN ON AND OUR WORK ABOUT THE CENTER. VIS ABOUT THE CENTEROUR MISSNCYBER CENTERCENTER HISTORYRACE EQUYMEDIA CENTERLEARSHIP & STAFFEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNICORPORATE PARTNERSHIPSANNUAL REPORTS & FANCIAL INFORMATNCONTACT USHOURS & LOTNSEMAPSUPPORT THE CENTER

Short-term fellow Qun Anex-Ri discs the Gay Swchboard of New York and s llers' daily fears, joys, pleasur, and qutns. * gay switchboard *

By Qun Anex-Ri, NYPL Short-Term FellowApril 28, 2022On the afternoon of March 3, 1972, a man om South Carola picked up his phone to ll the Gay Swchboard of New York for rmatn about gay-iendly plac to vis durg his trip to the cy. Others sought out emotnal support related to lonels, homophobia, g out, and raisg LGBTQ children. The more than 50 people who lled on the 3rd of March were only a few of many who lled the Gay Swchboard over the urse of s s-long history.

The Gay Swchboard was ially nceived the sprg of 1971 by former members of the Gay Activists Alliance and the Gay Liberatn Front as a centralized hub for sharg “rmatn about the radilly new gay liberatn movement and culture born after the June 1969 Stonewall rts. ” After a year of planng, the Gay Swchboard began takg lls on January 13th, 1972, makg the first and longt ntually-operatg LGBTQ hotle the untry. Gay Swchboard of New York rerds, box 44The lls field by the Gay Swchboard are rerd thoands of pag of ll logs hoed the Gay Swchboard of New York rerds of the Mancripts and Archiv Divisn at The New York Public Library.

GAY & LBIAN SWCHBOARD OF NEW YORK

Gay Swchboard Ireland provis a nfintial telephone support service. Their iendly traed volunteers provi a safe space where support is provid. * gay switchboard *

The logs pture the day-to-day fears, joys, pleasur, and qutns that prompted llers to reach out to the Gay Swchboard as well as the reactns and thoughts of the volunteers on the other end. Gay Swchboard of New York rerds, box 44While the nature of the lls might seem relatively mundane to the current observer, the servic offered by the Gay Swchboard of New York were revolutnary.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY SWITCHBOARD

How Activists Harnsed the Telephone and Built the Natn’s First LGBTQ+ Hotle | The New York Public Library</tle><lk rel="shortcut in" href="><meta name="viewport" ntent="width=vice-width, ial-sle=1.0"/><meta name="keywords" ntent="The New York Public Library (NYPL)"/><meta name="scriptn" ntent="Short-term fellow Qun Anex-Ri discs the Gay Swchboard of New York and s llers' daily fears, joys, pleasur, and qutns."/><meta name="allow-search" ntent="y"/><meta property="og:tle" ntent="How Activists Harnsed the Telephone and Built the Natn’s First LGBTQ+ Hotle | The New York Public Library"/><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="Short-term fellow Qun Anex-Ri discs the Gay Swchboard of New York and s llers' daily fears, joys, pleasur, and qutns."/><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse"/><meta property="og:image" ntent="><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="The New York Public Library"/><meta property="og:url" ntent="><meta name="twter:tle" ntent="How Activists Harnsed the Telephone and Built the Natn’s First LGBTQ+ Hotle | The New York Public Library"/><meta name="twter:scriptn" ntent="Short-term fellow Qun Anex-Ri discs the Gay Swchboard of New York and s llers' daily fears, joys, pleasur, and qutns."/><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@nypl"/><meta name="twter:creator" ntent="@nypl"/><meta name="twter:image" ntent="><meta name="next-head-unt" ntent="19"/><lk rel="preload" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" data-n-g=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script fer="" nomodule="" src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/"></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/pag/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/pag/blog/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/sut/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/sut/" fer=""></script></head><body><div id="__next" data-reactroot=""><div id="nypl-hear"></div><div class="layout-ntaer"><div class="nypl--articl nypl-ds"><style data-emotn="css-global tvrh44">:host,:root,[data-theme]{--chakra-rg-set:var(--chakra-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--chakra-rg-offset-width:0px;--chakra-rg-offset-lor:#fff;--chakra-rg-lor:rgba(66, 153, 225, 0.6);--chakra-rg-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--chakra-rg-shadow:0 0 #0000;--chakra-space-x-reverse:0;--chakra-space-y-reverse:0;--nypl-lors-transparent:transparent;--nypl-lors-current:currentColor;--nypl-lors-black:#000000;--nypl-lors-whe:#FFFFFF;--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-50:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-100:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-200:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-300:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-400:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-500:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.36);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-600:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.48);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-700:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.64);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-800:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.80);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-900:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-50:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-100:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-200:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-300:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-400:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-500:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.36);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-600:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.48);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-700:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.64);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-800:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.80);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-900:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.92);--nypl-lors-gray-50:#F2F2F2;--nypl-lors-gray-100:#DBDBDB;--nypl-lors-gray-200:#C4C4C4;--nypl-lors-gray-300:#ADADAD;--nypl-lors-gray-400:#969696;--nypl-lors-gray-500:#808080;--nypl-lors-gray-600:#666666;--nypl-lors-gray-700:#4D4D4D;--nypl-lors-gray-800:#333333;--nypl-lors-gray-900:#1A1A1A;--nypl-lors-red-50:#FEE7E8;--nypl-lors-red-100:#FCBBC0;--nypl-lors-red-200:#FA8F97;--nypl-lors-red-300:#F8636E;--nypl-lors-red-400:#F63745;--nypl-lors-red-500:#F40B1C;--nypl-lors-red-600:#C30917;--nypl-lors-red-700:#920711;--nypl-lors-red-800:#62040B;--nypl-lors-red-900:#310206;--nypl-lors-orange-50:#FDF1E7;--nypl-lors-orange-100:#F9D8BD;--nypl-lors-orange-200:#F6BF93;--nypl-lors-orange-300:#F2A769;--nypl-lors-orange-400:#EF8E3E;--nypl-lors-orange-500:#EB7514;--nypl-lors-orange-600:#BC5E10;--nypl-lors-orange-700:#8D460C;--nypl-lors-orange-800:#5E2F08;--nypl-lors-orange-900:#2F1704;--nypl-lors-yellow-50:#FEF8E7;--nypl-lors-yellow-100:#FBECBB;--nypl-lors-yellow-200:#F9E090;--nypl-lors-yellow-300:#F7D464;--nypl-lors-yellow-400:#F4C938;--nypl-lors-yellow-500:#F2BD0D;--nypl-lors-yellow-600:#C2970A;--nypl-lors-yellow-700:#917108;--nypl-lors-yellow-800:#614B05;--nypl-lors-yellow-900:#302603;--nypl-lors-green-50:#E7FEEB;--nypl-lors-green-100:#BCFBC6;--nypl-lors-green-200:#90F8A1;--nypl-lors-green-300:#65F67C;--nypl-lors-green-400:#3AF357;--nypl-lors-green-500:#0EF133;--nypl-lors-green-600:#0BC128;--nypl-lors-green-700:#08911E;--nypl-lors-green-800:#066014;--nypl-lors-green-900:#03300A;--nypl-lors-teal-50:#E6FFFA;--nypl-lors-teal-100:#B2F5EA;--nypl-lors-teal-200:#81E6D9;--nypl-lors-teal-300:#4FD1C5;--nypl-lors-teal-400:#38B2AC;--nypl-lors-teal-500:#319795;--nypl-lors-teal-600:#2C7A7B;--nypl-lors-teal-700:#285E61;--nypl-lors-teal-800:#234E52;--nypl-lors-teal-900:#1D4044;--nypl-lors-blue-50:#E6F3FE;--nypl-lors-blue-100:#B9DFFD;--nypl-lors-blue-200:#8CCAFC;--nypl-lors-blue-300:#60B5FB;--nypl-lors-blue-400:#33A0FA;--nypl-lors-blue-500:#068BF9;--nypl-lors-blue-600:#056FC7;--nypl-lors-blue-700:#045495;--nypl-lors-blue-800:#023864;--nypl-lors-blue-900:#011C32;--nypl-lors-cyan-50:#EDFDFD;--nypl-lors-cyan-100:#C4F1F9;--nypl-lors-cyan-200:#9DECF9;--nypl-lors-cyan-300:#76E4F7;--nypl-lors-cyan-400:#0BC5EA;--nypl-lors-cyan-500:#00B5D8;--nypl-lors-cyan-600:#00A3C4;--nypl-lors-cyan-700:#0987A0;--nypl-lors-cyan-800:#086F83;--nypl-lors-cyan-900:#065666;--nypl-lors-purple-50:#FAF5FF;--nypl-lors-purple-100:#E9D8FD;--nypl-lors-purple-200:#D6BCFA;--nypl-lors-purple-300:#B794F4;--nypl-lors-purple-400:#9F7AEA;--nypl-lors-purple-500:#805AD5;--nypl-lors-purple-600:#6B46C1;--nypl-lors-purple-700:#553C9A;--nypl-lors-purple-800:#44337A;--nypl-lors-purple-900:#322659;--nypl-lors-pk-50:#FFF5F7;--nypl-lors-pk-100:#FED7E2;--nypl-lors-pk-200:#FBB6CE;--nypl-lors-pk-300:#F687B3;--nypl-lors-pk-400:#ED64A6;--nypl-lors-pk-500:#D53F8C;--nypl-lors-pk-600:#B83280;--nypl-lors-pk-700:#97266D;--nypl-lors-pk-800:#702459;--nypl-lors-pk-900:#521B41;--nypl-lors-lked-50:#E8F4F9;--nypl-lors-lked-100:#CFEDFB;--nypl-lors-lked-200:#9BDAF3;--nypl-lors-lked-300:#68C7EC;--nypl-lors-lked-400:#34B3E4;--nypl-lors-lked-500:#00A0DC;--nypl-lors-lked-600:#008CC9;--nypl-lors-lked-700:#0077B5;--nypl-lors-lked-800:#005E93;--nypl-lors-lked-900:#004471;--nypl-lors-facebook-50:#E8F4F9;--nypl-lors-facebook-100:#D9DEE9;--nypl-lors-facebook-200:#B7C2DA;--nypl-lors-facebook-300:#6482C0;--nypl-lors-facebook-400:#4267B2;--nypl-lors-facebook-500:#385898;--nypl-lors-facebook-600:#314E89;--nypl-lors-facebook-700:#29487D;--nypl-lors-facebook-800:#223B67;--nypl-lors-facebook-900:#1E355B;--nypl-lors-msenger-50:#D0E6FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-100:#B9DAFF;--nypl-lors-msenger-200:#A2CDFF;--nypl-lors-msenger-300:#7AB8FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-400:#2E90FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-500:#0078FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-600:#0063D1;--nypl-lors-msenger-700:#0052AC;--nypl-lors-msenger-800:#003C7E;--nypl-lors-msenger-900:#002C5C;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-50:#dffeec;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-100:#b9f5d0;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-200:#90edb3;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-300:#65e495;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-400:#3cdd78;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-500:#22c35e;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-600:#179848;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-700:#0c6c33;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-800:#01421c;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-900:#001803;--nypl-lors-twter-50:#E5F4FD;--nypl-lors-twter-100:#C8E9FB;--nypl-lors-twter-200:#A8DCFA;--nypl-lors-twter-300:#83CDF7;--nypl-lors-twter-400:#57BBF5;--nypl-lors-twter-500:#1DA1F2;--nypl-lors-twter-600:#1A94DA;--nypl-lors-twter-700:#1681BF;--nypl-lors-twter-800:#136B9E;--nypl-lors-twter-900:#0D4D71;--nypl-lors-telegram-50:#E3F2F9;--nypl-lors-telegram-100:#C5E4F3;--nypl-lors-telegram-200:#A2D4EC;--nypl-lors-telegram-300:#7AC1E4;--nypl-lors-telegram-400:#47A9DA;--nypl-lors-telegram-500:#0088CC;--nypl-lors-telegram-600:#007AB8;--nypl-lors-telegram-700:#006BA1;--nypl-lors-telegram-800:#005885;--nypl-lors-telegram-900:#003F5E;--nypl-lors-ui-black:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-whe:#fff;--nypl-lors-ui-disabled-primary:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-disabled-sendary:#FAFAFA;--nypl-lors-ui-error-primary:#97272C;--nypl-lors-ui-error-sendary:#6F0106;--nypl-lors-ui-foc:#4181F1;--nypl-lors-ui-lk-primary:#0576D3;--nypl-lors-ui-lk-sendary:#004B98;--nypl-lors-ui-stat-primary:#F9E08E;--nypl-lors-ui-stat-sendary:#FBE7E1;--nypl-lors-ui-succs-primary:#077719;--nypl-lors-ui-succs-sendary:#095212;--nypl-lors-ui-tt:#FF6347;--nypl-lors-ui-warng-primary:#F0974E;--nypl-lors-ui-warng-sendary:#EC7B1F;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-flt:#F5F5F5;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-hover:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-active:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-borr-flt:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-borr-hover:#616161;--nypl-lors-ui-typography-headg:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-typography-body:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xxxx-dark:#121212;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xxx-dark:#191919;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xx-dark:#212121;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-dark:#424242;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-dark:#616161;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-medium:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-light-ol:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-light-ol:#F5F5F5;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xx-light-ol:#FAFAFA;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-light-warm:#EFEDEB;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-light-warm:#F8F8F7;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-disabled-primary:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-disabled-sendary:#212121;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-error-primary:#E1454C;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-error-sendary:#F67C82;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-foc:#5181D4;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-lk-primary:#2085D8;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-lk-sendary:#50A0E1;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-stat-primary:#6F6544;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-stat-sendary:#6F6765;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-succs-primary:#0E3B15;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-succs-sendary:#0F2912;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-tt:#592B22;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-warng-primary:#493320;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-warng-sendary:#482C15;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-page:#121212;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-flt:#191919;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-hover:#212121;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-active:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-borr-flt:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-borr-hover:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-typography-headg:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-typography-body:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-brand-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-brand-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-primary:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-sendary:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-sectn-books-and-more-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-sectn-books-and-more-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-tn-primary:#1D62E6;--nypl-lors-sectn-tn-sendary:#2540A4;--nypl-lors-sectn-lotns-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-sectn-lotns-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-primary:#00838A;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-sendary:#006166;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-lpa:#005D53;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-schomburg:#A03E31;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-schwartzman:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-whats-on-primary:#242424;--nypl-lors-sectn-whats-on-sendary:#000;--nypl-borrs-none:0;--nypl-borrs-1px:1px solid;--nypl-borrs-2px:2px solid;--nypl-borrs-4px:4px solid;--nypl-borrs-8px:8px solid;--nypl-fonts-headg:-apple-system,BlkMacSystemFont,system-ui,sans-serif;--nypl-fonts-body:-apple-system,BlkMacSystemFont,system-ui,sans-serif;--nypl-fonts-mono:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Mona,Consolas,"Liberatn Mono","Courier New",monospace;--nypl-fontSiz-0:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-1:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-2:1.375rem;--nypl-fontSiz-3:1.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-4:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-xs:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-sm:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-md:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-lg:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-xl:1.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-2xl:1.5rem;--nypl-fontSiz-3xl:1.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-4xl:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-5xl:3rem;--nypl-fontSiz-6xl:3.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-7xl:4.5rem;--nypl-fontSiz-8xl:6rem;--nypl-fontSiz-9xl:8rem;--nypl-fontSiz--3:0.625rem;--nypl-fontSiz--2:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz--1:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-breadcmbs-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-small:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-large:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-primary:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-sendary:1.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-tertiary:1.375rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-llout:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-helper-flt:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-label-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-label-sendary:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-flt:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-ptn:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-tag:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-mi:0.625rem;--nypl-fontWeights-hairle:100;--nypl-fontWeights-th:200;--nypl-fontWeights-light:300;--nypl-fontWeights-normal:400;--nypl-fontWeights-medium:500;--nypl-fontWeights-semibold:600;--nypl-fontWeights-bold:700;--nypl-fontWeights-extrabold:800;--nypl-fontWeights-black:900;--nypl-fontWeights-regular:400;--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt:400;--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-lastChild:700;--nypl-fontWeights-button-flt:400;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-primary:300;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-sendary:500;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-tertiary:500;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-llout:500;--nypl-fontWeights-helper-flt:300;--nypl-fontWeights-label-flt:500;--nypl-fontWeights-label-sendary:400;--nypl-fontWeights-text-flt:300;--nypl-fontWeights-text-ptn:300;--nypl-fontWeights-text-tag:400;--nypl-fontWeights-text-mi:400;--nypl-letterSpacgs-tighter:-0.05em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-tight:-0.025em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-normal:0;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wi:0.025em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wir:0.05em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wist:0.1em;--nypl-leHeights-3:.75rem;--nypl-leHeights-4:1rem;--nypl-leHeights-5:1.25rem;--nypl-leHeights-6:1.5rem;--nypl-leHeights-7:1.75rem;--nypl-leHeights-8:2rem;--nypl-leHeights-9:2.25rem;--nypl-leHeights-10:2.5rem;--nypl-leHeights-normal:normal;--nypl-leHeights-none:1;--nypl-leHeights-shorter:1.25;--nypl-leHeights-short:1.375;--nypl-leHeights-base:1.5;--nypl-leHeights-tall:1.625;--nypl-leHeights-taller:2;--nypl-radii-none:0;--nypl-radii-sm:0.125rem;--nypl-radii-base:0.25rem;--nypl-radii-md:0.375rem;--nypl-radii-lg:0.5rem;--nypl-radii-xl:0.75rem;--nypl-radii-2xl:1rem;--nypl-radii-3xl:1.5rem;--nypl-radii-full:9999px;--nypl-radii-button-flt:2px;--nypl-radii-button-pill:20px;--nypl-radii-checkbox:3px;--nypl-radii-hearDonate:.25rem;--nypl-radii-pill:20px;--nypl-radii-round:100%;--nypl-space-0:0;--nypl-space-1:0.25rem;--nypl-space-2:0.5rem;--nypl-space-3:0.75rem;--nypl-space-4:1rem;--nypl-space-5:1.25rem;--nypl-space-6:1.5rem;--nypl-space-7:1.75rem;--nypl-space-8:2rem;--nypl-space-9:2.25rem;--nypl-space-10:2.5rem;--nypl-space-12:3rem;--nypl-space-14:3.5rem;--nypl-space-16:4rem;--nypl-space-20:5rem;--nypl-space-24:6rem;--nypl-space-28:7rem;--nypl-space-32:8rem;--nypl-space-36:9rem;--nypl-space-40:10rem;--nypl-space-44:11rem;--nypl-space-48:12rem;--nypl-space-52:13rem;--nypl-space-56:14rem;--nypl-space-60:15rem;--nypl-space-64:16rem;--nypl-space-72:18rem;--nypl-space-80:20rem;--nypl-space-96:24rem;--nypl-space-px:1px;--nypl-space-0-5:0.125rem;--nypl-space-1-5:0.375rem;--nypl-space-2-5:0.625rem;--nypl-space-3-5:0.875rem;--nypl-space-xxxs:0.125rem;--nypl-space-xxs:0.25rem;--nypl-space-xs:0.5rem;--nypl-space-s:1rem;--nypl-space-m:1.5rem;--nypl-space-l:2rem;--nypl-space-xl:3rem;--nypl-space-xxl:4rem;--nypl-space-xxxl:6rem;--nypl-space-button-small-px:0.5rem;--nypl-space-button-small-py:0.25rem;--nypl-space-button-medium-px:1rem;--nypl-space-button-medium-py:0.5rem;--nypl-space-button-large-px:2rem;--nypl-space-button-large-py:1rem;--nypl-space-put-group-button-hstack:0.5rem;--nypl-space-put-group-button-vstack:0.5rem;--nypl-space-put-group-flt-hstack:2rem;--nypl-space-put-group-flt-vstack:1rem;--nypl-space-set-flt:1rem;--nypl-space-set-extranarrow:0.25rem;--nypl-space-set-extrawi:3rem;--nypl-space-set-narrow:0.5rem;--nypl-space-set-wi:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-flt:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-xxs:0.25rem;--nypl-space-grid-xs:0.5rem;--nypl-space-grid-s:1rem;--nypl-space-grid-m:1.5rem;--nypl-space-grid-l:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-xl:3rem;--nypl-space-grid-xxl:4rem;--nypl-space-page-hstack:2rem;--nypl-space-page-vstack:2rem;--nypl-space-table-lumn:1.5rem;--nypl-space-table-row:2rem;--nypl-shadows-xs:0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-sm:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-base:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-shadows-md:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-shadows-lg:0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-xl:0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);--nypl-shadows-2xl:0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);--nypl-shadows-outle:none;--nypl-shadows-ner:set 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.06);--nypl-shadows-none:none;--nypl-shadows-dark-lg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px 1px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 5px 10px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 15px 40px;--nypl-siz-1:0.25rem;--nypl-siz-2:0.5rem;--nypl-siz-3:0.75rem;--nypl-siz-4:1rem;--nypl-siz-5:1.25rem;--nypl-siz-6:1.5rem;--nypl-siz-7:1.75rem;--nypl-siz-8:2rem;--nypl-siz-9:2.25rem;--nypl-siz-10:2.5rem;--nypl-siz-12:3rem;--nypl-siz-14:3.5rem;--nypl-siz-16:4rem;--nypl-siz-20:5rem;--nypl-siz-24:6rem;--nypl-siz-28:7rem;--nypl-siz-32:8rem;--nypl-siz-36:9rem;--nypl-siz-40:10rem;--nypl-siz-44:11rem;--nypl-siz-48:12rem;--nypl-siz-52:13rem;--nypl-siz-56:14rem;--nypl-siz-60:15rem;--nypl-siz-64:16rem;--nypl-siz-72:18rem;--nypl-siz-80:20rem;--nypl-siz-96:24rem;--nypl-siz-px:1px;--nypl-siz-0-5:0.125rem;--nypl-siz-1-5:0.375rem;--nypl-siz-2-5:0.625rem;--nypl-siz-3-5:0.875rem;--nypl-siz-max:max-ntent;--nypl-siz-m:m-ntent;--nypl-siz-full:100%;--nypl-siz-3xs:14rem;--nypl-siz-2xs:16rem;--nypl-siz-xs:20rem;--nypl-siz-sm:24rem;--nypl-siz-md:28rem;--nypl-siz-lg:32rem;--nypl-siz-xl:36rem;--nypl-siz-2xl:42rem;--nypl-siz-3xl:48rem;--nypl-siz-4xl:56rem;--nypl-siz-5xl:64rem;--nypl-siz-6xl:72rem;--nypl-siz-7xl:80rem;--nypl-siz-8xl:90rem;--nypl-siz-ntaer-sm:640px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-md:768px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-lg:1024px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-xl:1280px;--nypl-zIndic-hi:-1;--nypl-zIndic-to:to;--nypl-zIndic-base:0;--nypl-zIndic-docked:10;--nypl-zIndic-dropdown:1000;--nypl-zIndic-sticky:1100;--nypl-zIndic-banner:1200;--nypl-zIndic-overlay:1300;--nypl-zIndic-modal:1400;--nypl-zIndic-popover:1500;--nypl-zIndic-skipLk:1600;--nypl-zIndic-toast:1700;--nypl-zIndic-tooltip:1800;--nypl-transn-property-mon:background-lor,borr-lor,lor,fill,stroke,opacy,box-shadow,transform;--nypl-transn-property-lors:background-lor,borr-lor,lor,fill,stroke;--nypl-transn-property-dimensns:width,height;--nypl-transn-property-posn:left,right,top,bottom;--nypl-transn-property-background:background-lor,background-image,background-posn;--nypl-transn-easg-ease-:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);--nypl-transn-easg-ease--out:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);--nypl-transn-duratn-ultra-fast:50ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-faster:100ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-fast:150ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-normal:200ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-slow:300ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-slower:400ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-ultra-slow:500ms;--nypl-blur-none:0;--nypl-blur-sm:4px;--nypl-blur-base:8px;--nypl-blur-md:12px;--nypl-blur-lg:16px;--nypl-blur-xl:24px;--nypl-blur-2xl:40px;--nypl-blur-3xl:64px;}</style><style data-emotn="css-global 1jqlf9g">html{le-height:1.5;-webk-text-size-adjt:100%;font-fay:system-ui,sans-serif;-webk-font-smoothg:antialiased;text-renrg:optimizeLegibily;-moz-osx-font-smoothg:graysle;touch-actn:manipulatn;}body{posn:relative;m-height:100%;font-feature-settgs:'kern';}*,*::before,*::after{borr-width:0;borr-style:solid;box-sizg:borr-box;}ma{display:block;}hr{borr-top-width:1px;box-sizg:ntent-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}pre,,kbd,samp{font-fay:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Mona,Consolas,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-lor:transparent;lor:her;-webk-text-ratn:her;text-ratn:her;}abbr[tle]{borr-bottom:none;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;-webk-text-ratn:unrle dotted;-webk-text-ratn:unrle dotted;text-ratn:unrle dotted;}b,strong{font-weight:bold;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;le-height:0;posn:relative;vertil-align:basele;}sub{bottom:-0.25em;}sup{top:-0.5em;}img{borr-style:none;}button,put,optgroup,select,textarea{font-fay:her;font-size:100%;le-height:1.15;marg:0;}button,put{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button::-moz-foc-ner,[type="button"]::-moz-foc-ner,[type="ret"]::-moz-foc-ner,[type="subm"]::-moz-foc-ner{borr-style:none;paddg:0;}fieldset{paddg:0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;}legend{box-sizg:borr-box;lor:her;display:table;max-width:100%;paddg:0;whe-space:normal;}progrs{vertil-align:basele;}textarea{overflow:to;}[type="checkbox"],[type="rad"]{box-sizg:borr-box;paddg:0;}[type="number"]::-webk-ner-sp-button,[type="number"]::-webk-outer-sp-button{-webk-appearance:none!important;}put[type="number"]{-moz-appearance:textfield;}[type="search"]{-webk-appearance:textfield;outle-offset:-2px;}[type="search"]::-webk-search-ratn{-webk-appearance:none!important;}::-webk-file-upload-button{-webk-appearance:button;font:her;}tails{display:block;}summary{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-list-em;display:-ms-list-embox;display:list-em;}template{display:none;}[hidn]{display:none!important;}body,blockquote,dl,dd,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,figure,p,pre{marg:0;}button{background:transparent;paddg:0;}fieldset{marg:0;paddg:0;}ol,ul{marg:0;paddg:0;}textarea{rize:vertil;}button,[role="button"]{cursor:poter;}button::-moz-foc-ner{borr:0!important;}table{borr-llapse:llapse;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:her;font-weight:her;}button,put,optgroup,select,textarea{paddg:0;le-height:her;lor:her;}img,svg,vio,nvas,d,iame,embed,object{display:block;}img,vio{max-width:100%;height:to;}[data-js-foc-visible] :foc:not([data-foc-visible-add]){outle:none;box-shadow:none;}select::-ms-expand{display:none;}</style><style data-emotn="css-global 5zkb0r">body{font-fay:var(--nypl-fonts-body);lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);background:var(--nypl-lors-ui-whe);transn-property:background-lor;transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-normal);le-height:1.5;box-sizg:borr-box;font-size:var(--nypl-fontSiz-text-flt);font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-text-flt);overflow-x:hidn;}*::-webk-put-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*::-moz-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*:-ms-put-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*::placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*,*::before,::after{borr-lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-200);word-wrap:break-word;box-sizg:her;}a{lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-lk-primary);}svg{display:le;}button:not([disabled]):foc,select:not([disabled]):foc,put:not([disabled]):foc,textarea:not([disabled]):foc,button:not([disabled])[data-foc],select:not([disabled])[data-foc],put:not([disabled])[data-foc],textarea:not([disabled])[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-none);outle:2px solid;outle-offset:2px;outle-lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-foc);z-x:9999;}iame:foc,[href]:foc,[tabx]:foc,[ntentEdable='te']:foc,iame[data-foc],[href][data-foc],[tabx][data-foc],[ntentEdable='te'][data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-none);outle:2px solid;outle-offset:2px;outle-lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-foc);z-x:9999;}p{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}ul{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}ol{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}</style><style data-emotn="css vgnwcd">{background:var(--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-sendary);lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);font-size:var(--nypl-fontSiz-breadcmbs-flt);font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt);paddg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-xs);paddg-top:var(--nypl-space-xs);} lk{transn-property:var(--nypl-transn-property-mon);transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-fast);transn-timg-functn:var(--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out);cursor:poter;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;outle:2px solid transparent;outle-offset:2px;lor:her;} lk:hover, lk[data-hover]{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;} lk:foc, lk[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-outle);} ol{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:to;max-width:1280px;-webk-paddg-start:var(--nypl-space-s);paddg-le-start:var(--nypl-space-s);-webk-paddg-end:var(--nypl-space-s);paddg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-s);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ ol{-webk-align-ems:unset;-webk-box-align:unset;-ms-flex-align:unset;align-ems:unset;display:block;}} a:hover, a[data-hover]{lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-dark);} li:last-child{font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:last-child{font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-lastChild);}} li:last-child , li:last-child [data-hover]{cursor:flt;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;} li:last-child {display:none;} li:not(:last-child){display:none;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child){display:le-block;}} li:not(:last-child) a{-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-xs);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-xs);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child) a{-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-0);}} li:not(:last-child) {display:le;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child) {display:none;}} li:not(:last-child) span:not(.breadcmb-label){-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-xxs);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-xxs);-webk-marg-start:var(--nypl-space-xxs);marg-le-start:var(--nypl-space-xxs);} li:nth-last-of-type(2){display:le-block;} li:nth-last-of-type(2) span{display:none;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:nth-last-of-type(2) span{display:le;}} svg{fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);}</style><nav aria-label="Breadcmb" class="chakra-breadcmb css-vgnwcd"><ol class="chakra-breadcmb__list css-0"><style data-emotn="css 18biwo">{display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;}</style><li class="chakra-breadcmb__list-em css-18biwo"><style data-emotn="css 1prjeyc">{transn-property:var(--nypl-transn-property-mon);transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-fast);transn-timg-functn:var(--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out);cursor:poter;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;outle:2px solid transparent;outle-offset:2px;lor:her;},[data-hover]{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;},[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-outle);}</style><a href=" class="chakra-breadcmb__lk css-1prjeyc"><span class="breadcmb-label">Home</span></a><style data-emotn="css t4q1nq">{-webk-marg-start:0.5rem;marg-le-start:0.5rem;-webk-marg-end:0.5rem;marg-le-end:0.5rem;}</style><span role="prentatn" class="css-t4q1nq">/</span></li><li class="chakra-breadcmb__list-em css-18biwo"><a href=" class="chakra-breadcmb__lk css-1prjeyc"><style data-emotn="css bmpw93">{width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem;le-height:1em;-webk-flex-shrk:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrk:0;lor:currentColor;fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-whe);-webk-transform:rotate(90g);-moz-transform:rotate(90g);-ms-transform:rotate(90g);transform:rotate(90g);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){{display:none;}} svg{display:le-block;fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem;-webk-transform:rotate(90g);-moz-transform:rotate(90g);-ms-transform:rotate(90g);transform:rotate(90g);}</style><svg viewBox="0 0 24 14" xmlns=" role="img" focable="false" class="chakra-in breadcmbs-in css-bmpw93" aria-hidn="te" id="unfed__backarrow"><tle>arrow in .

TOP