Evelyn Hooker's rearch bunked the myth that homosexuals are herently ls mentally healthy than heterosexuals, leadg to signifint chang how psychology views and treats people who are gay.
Contents:
- REVIEWSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIL ASPECTS OF GAY INTY VELOPMENT
- BEG GAY IS JT AS HEALTHY AS BEG STRAIGHT
- PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS
- ISSU PSYCHOTHERAPY WH LBIAN AND GAY MEN: A SURVEY OF PSYCHOLOGISTS
- NEW STUDY OF GAY/BISEXUAL ADOLCENT MEN AND THEIR PARENTS
- HOMOPHOBIC MEN ARE AROED BY GAY MALE PORN
REVIEWSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIL ASPECTS OF GAY INTY VELOPMENT
* psychology study gay *
Dpe the persistence of stereotyp that portray lbian, gay, and bisexual people as disturbed, several s of rearch and clil experience have led all mastream medil and mental health anizatns this untry to nclu that the orientatns reprent normal forms of human experience. Helpful rpons of a therapist treatg an dividual who is troubled about her or his same sex attractns clu helpg that person actively pe wh social prejudic agast homosexualy, succsfully rolve issu associated wh and rultg om ternal nflicts, and actively lead a happy and satisfyg life. The phrase “g out” is ed to refer to several aspects of lbian, gay, and bisexual persons’ experienc: self-awarens of same-sex attractns; the tellg of one or a few people about the attractns; wispread disclosure of same-sex attractns; and intifitn wh the lbian, gay, and bisexual muny.
BEG GAY IS JT AS HEALTHY AS BEG STRAIGHT
Peter Hegarty, PhD, discs his own rearch on dory gaydar and ntug discrimatn agast LGBTQ people. * psychology study gay *
Lbian, gay, and bisexual youth who do well spe strs—like all adolcents who do well spe strs—tend to be those who are socially petent, who have good problem-solvg skills, who have a sense of tonomy and purpose, and who look forward to the future. If they are a heterosexual relatnship, their experienc may be que siar to those of people who intify as heterosexual unls they choose to e out as bisexual; that se, they will likely face some of the same prejudice and discrimatn that lbian and gay dividuals enunter.
AbstractThe Amerin Psychiatric Associatn and the Amerin Psychologil Associatn have suggted for many years now that there is signifint empiril evince supportg the claim that homosexualy is a normal variant of human sexual orientatn as opposed to a mental disorr. The accatn of g outdated material and viatg to realms beyond the spe of one's expertise impli two thgs; first, impli that there actually is rmatn that is more up-to-date than what the nun prented on the topic of homosexualy, and sendly impli that there are credible experts who are more qualified to teach or speak on the topic of homosexualy. Hence, is necsary to provi a summary and analysis of that purported up-to-date scientific evince which supports the claim that homosexualy is not a mental two groups that are typilly emed thorative and credible experts on mental disorrs the Uned Stat are the Amerin Psychologil Associatn (APA) and the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn; th, I will prent their stanc on homosexualy and then analyze the “scientific evince” that they claim supports their stanc.
As a rult of their ficienci, the credibily of the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn and the APA, at least their claims regardg human sexualy, is lled to Amerin Psychologil Associatn and the Amerin Psychiatric AssociatnI will beg by scribg the APA and the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, and I will then prent their stanc on the topic of homosexualy. Dog so will provi more evince of the stance of both the APA and the Amerin Psychiatric Two Associatns’ Stance on HomosexualyThe APA wr:Same-sex sexual attractns, behavr, and orientatns per se are normal and posive variants of human sexualy— other words, they do not dite eher mental or velopmental disorrs.
PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS
The missn of CLGC's Task Force on Bias Psychotherapy wh Lbians and Gay Men was to scribe the range of problems that gay male and lbian clients n face psychotherapy and to provi an empiril basis for the velopment of guil and suggtns for practice. * psychology study gay *
2009, 15) Brief of Amici Curiae for both the APA and the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn siar language:Des of rearch and clil experience have led all mastream mental health anizatns this untry to the ncln that homosexualy is a normal form of human sexualy.
(Brief of Amici Curiae 2003, 1)Hence, the basic stance of the APA and the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn is that homosexualy is not a mental disorr but is rather a normal form of human sexualy, and they propose that their stance is based on signifint scientific evince.
ISSU PSYCHOTHERAPY WH LBIAN AND GAY MEN: A SURVEY OF PSYCHOLOGISTS
A new study vtigat relatnships between gay teens and their parents. * psychology study gay *
)Aled KseyThe APA Task Force document proceeds by cg two books wrten by Aled Ksey 1948 and 1953 (Sexual Behavr the Human Male and Sexual Behavr the Human Female):At the same time that the pathologizg views of homosexualy Amerin psychiatry and psychology were beg dified, untervailg evince was accumulatg that this stigmatizg view was ill found. 2009, 22)Implied that statement is a “normaly” of the sexual behavrs, specifilly homosexualy, on the ntuum; for a study to be ced as “untervailg evince” of the claim that homosexualy is abnormal, the study mt suggt that homosexualy is normal.
NEW STUDY OF GAY/BISEXUAL ADOLCENT MEN AND THEIR PARENTS
Therefore, there is a normal variatn (or a normal “ntuum”) of sexual replacg homosexualy wh the exampl of body tegry inty disorr and self-harm/self-mutilatn Aled Ksey's and the APA's argument (that is, if we follow the logic of Ksey and the APA) the argument would be as follows:. Ford and Beach also “pot out that among non-human primat both mal and femal engage homosexual activy” (Gentile and Miller 2009), the APA thors suggt that bee two rearchers 1951 found that homosexual sex is observed some humans and animals then the ncln follows that there is “nothg unnatural about . Evelyn Hooker admistered a battery of standard psychologil tts to homosexual and heterosexual men who were matched for age, IQ, and tn … She nclud om her data that homosexualy is not herently associated wh psychopathology and that “homosexualy as a clil enty do not exist.
My foc for this paper is the irrelevant endpot—“adjtment”—ed by Hooker as scientific evince supportg the claim that homosexualy is normal; I foc on that endpot bee as of 2014 “adjtment” is still the endpot ced by the major associatns as scientific evince supportg the claim that homosexualy is a “normal variatn of human sexual orientatn. 2009, 23, emphasis add)That last le which I emphasized is extremely important; the “newly veloped measur” pared the “adaptatn” and abily to functn society homosexuals and heterosexuals and ed the parison to support the ncln that homosexualy is not a disorr.
HOMOPHOBIC MEN ARE AROED BY GAY MALE PORN
Furthermore, Gonsrek suggts that “The only relevant issue is whether any well-adjted homosexuals exist at all” (Gonsrek 1991, 119–20) andWhether homosexualy per se is or is not pathologil and ditive of psychologil disturbance is easily answered. Gonsrek impli that if sexual orientatn is “related” to psychologil adjtment, then one uld nsir homosexually cled people to be mentally disorred; if, however, there is no difference adjtment measurements of heterosexuals and homosexuals, then (acrdg to Gonsrek) homosexualy is not a mental disorr. The brief then offers a few more catns of scientific evince supportg that claim; one article ced is a review study om 1978 which also looked at “adjtment” and “nclus that fdgs to date have not monstrated that the homosexual dividual is any ls psychologilly adjted than his heterosexual unterpart” (Hart et al.
” Gonsrek claims that bee homosexuals are siar to heterosexuals measur of prsn, self-teem, relatnship disrd, and sexual disrd, tomatilly follows that homosexualy is not a disorr, as he not: “The general ncln is clear: The studi overwhelmgly suggt that homosexualy per se is not related to psychopathology or psychologil adjtment” (Gonsrek 1991, 115–36). Hence, there are multiple mental disorrs which measurg adjtment has no relevance whatsoever to the mental disorr; this is a major ficiency the lerature ed as scientific evince to support the ncln that homosexualy is not a mental is a signifint fdg, although I am not the first to mentn the problem wh diagnosg mental disorrs by lookg at distrs, social functng, or other endpots that are clud unr the terms “adjtment” and “adaptatn.
” So, the homosexualy-is-not-a-mental-disorr claim is based on a meangls (and outdated) Irvg Bieber, “one of the key participants the historic bate which culmated the 1973 cisn to remove homosexualy om the psychiatric manual” (NARTH Instute n. Ronald Bayer summarized the events surroundg the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn's (1973) cisn by notg that Spzer'srtricted fn of mental disorrs, articulated after he had cid that homosexualy had been appropriately classified, entailed two elements: For a behavr to be termed a psychiatric disorr, had to be regularly acpanied by subjective distrs and/or “some generalized impairment social effectivens or functng. In orr to be nsistent wh their logic ed to normalize homosexualy, they mt normalize all other sexual actns that stimulate one to the pot of asm that do not e bad measurements of “adjtment” or rult impaired social functng; is te that they also allow a diagnosis of a sexual disorr if a viance “harm” to another, but that is only if there is lack of nsent.