Gay affirmative practice has recently been troduced to the social work lerature as a culturally sensive mol for workg wh gay, lbian, and bi
Contents:
- THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP): A NEW MEASURE FOR ASSSG CULTURAL PETENCE WH GAY AND LBIAN CLIENTS
- GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE: A MOL FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WH GAY, LBIAN, AND BISEXUAL YOUTH
- BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)
- CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IMPACTG PRACTICE BELIEFS AND PRACTICE BEHAVRS AMONG SOCIAL WORKERS WH LBIAN AND GAY CLIENTS
- DETERMG STAFF EXPERIENCE OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND GENR INTY PRENTATNS CHILD AND ADOLCENT MENTAL HEALTH SETTGS
- ACCEPTABILY AND PRELIMARY EFFICY OF A LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR-AFFIRMATIVE MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE TRAG A HIGHLY STIGMATIZG NATNAL CONTEXT
- GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE: CLIL SOCIAL WORKERS’ PERSPECTIV
THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP): A NEW MEASURE FOR ASSSG CULTURAL PETENCE WH GAY AND LBIAN CLIENTS
Gay affirmative practice mols provi guil for behavrs and beliefs social work practice wh gay and lbian dividuals. The aim of this study was to velop a valid rapid asssment stment to asss the extent to which social work practners engage prcipl nsistent wh … * gay affirmative practice scale *
AbstractGay affirmative practice has recently been troduced to the social work lerature as a culturally sensive mol for workg wh gay, lbian, and bisexual (GLB) adults, however, this mol has rarely been applied to practice wh GLB youth. In this article, the thors review the lerature to prent the ma tes of gay affirmative practice, outle the challeng that GLB youth face, and leate the environmental and dividual strengths that n be enhanced to promote well-beg.
The thors then apply the gay affirmative practice mol to GLB youth, offerg ncrete rmatn about the specific knowledge, attus, and skills that social workers should acquire to better serve the unique, yet diverse, needs of GLB youth.
The purpose of this article is therefore to exame the strengths and challeng experienced by GLB youth and to intify the key ponents of gay affirmative practice as appli to practice wh this populatn.
GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE: A MOL FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WH GAY, LBIAN, AND BISEXUAL YOUTH
Cathere Crisp, The Gay Affirmative Practice Sle (GAP): A New Measure for Asssg Cultural Competence wh Gay and Lbian Clients, Social Work, Vol. 51, No. 2 (April 2006), pp. 115-126 * gay affirmative practice scale *
Overview of Gay Affirmative Practice Social WorkGay affirmative practice “affirms a lbian, gay, or bisexual inty as an equally posive human experience and exprsn to heterosexual inty” (Davi 1996, p.
Affirmative practners also utilize other ponents of the strengths mol when appropriate cludg: (a) self-termatn by supportg GLB youths’ cisns regardg how to self-intify their sexual orientatn and when and to whom to disclose their sexual orientatn (Appleby and Anastas 1998); (b) focg onhealth, not pathology by viewg GLB youths’ inti as gay, lbian, or bisexual as equally healthy as heterosexual inti (Davi 1996); and (c) nscns raisg by challengg homophobic and heterosexist msag GLB youth have received (Tozer and McClanahan 1999) and workg wh them to exame how homophobia fluenc their liv and the cisns they make. Bee gay affirmative practice do not prcribe a particular practice method, n be ed by practners any field and wh a variety of client systems cludg group, dividual, uple, and fay treatment (Appleby and Anastas 1998).
BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)BEYOND HOMOPHOBIA: VELOPMENT AND VALIDATN OF THE GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SLE (GAP)
* gay affirmative practice scale *
Fally, while attus about GLB dividuals are an important ponent of gay affirmative practice, an absence of homophobia is not alone sufficient for affirmative practice (Appleby and Anastas 1998).
Affirmative practners celebrate, advote, and validate the inti of GLB dividuals (Crisp 2006; Tozer and McClanahan 1999), work wh them to velop healthy inti which their GLB inty is one of many parts of their inty, and help them bee productive members of society as GLB the aforementned characteristics, gay affirmative practice is well sued for social work wh GLB youth bee the mol: (1) foc on affirmg youths’ inti; (2) empowers youth; (3) supports youth self-intifyg whatever way they feel is appropriate; (4) supports youth intifyg homophobic forc their liv; (5) nsirs problems the ntext of the homophobia and discrimatn that youth experience; and (6) n be ed the variety of settgs which GLB youth teract and receive social work servic cludg schools, rintial facili, and outpatient treatment Youths’ Rilience and Protective FactorsAs a stigmatized and opprsed populatn, much of the discsn about GLB youth has foced on the challeng they experience while ltle attentn has been given to their rilience and protective factors (Rsell 2005).
Telephone help-l have also been found to provi a source of support for gay and lbian youth (Maynard 2002) who may be alg wh g out issu, relatnship problems, suicidal iatn, or fears about HIV.
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IMPACTG PRACTICE BELIEFS AND PRACTICE BEHAVRS AMONG SOCIAL WORKERS WH LBIAN AND GAY CLIENTS
Acrdg to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn, LGB youth are at greater risk for prsn, suici, and substance e pared to their heterosexual peers. This prentatn will highlight how the gay affirmative practice mol n be ed to help affirm LGB youth and help them feel socially, emotnally, and physilly safe and supported. * gay affirmative practice scale *
Other dividual factors that promote rilience gay youth clu timate iendships and close relatnships wh parents (Anrson 1998b; Sav-Williams 1989) Youths’ ChallengWhen workg wh GLB youth, practners mt addrs the challeng youth face. GLB youth of lor, particularly Ain Amerin gay youth, appear to be at even greater risk for STD transmissn, however further rearch is need wh this populatn (Monteiro and Fuqua 1994).
In the pag that follow, the thors will discs the specific knowledge, attus, and skills for gay affirmative practice (Van Den Bergh and Crisp 2004) as they apply to practice wh GLB youth.
DETERMG STAFF EXPERIENCE OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND GENR INTY PRENTATNS CHILD AND ADOLCENT MENTAL HEALTH SETTGS
GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE SCALE (GAP).Cathere Crisp, qutnnaire is signed to measure clicians beliefs about treatment wh gay and lbian client and their behavrs clil settgs wh the clients. There are no right or wrong * gay affirmative practice scale *
Practners should also be aware that GLB youth of lor mt teract wh three separate cultur which often have different valu: the mastream muny; the ethnic/mory muny; and the gay, lbian, and bisexual muny (Ryan and Futterman 1998) and seek to unrstand the tersectn between the cultur.
ACCEPTABILY AND PRELIMARY EFFICY OF A LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR-AFFIRMATIVE MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE TRAG A HIGHLY STIGMATIZG NATNAL CONTEXT
Beyond homophobia: velopment and validatn of the Gay Affirmative Practice Sle (GAP) * gay affirmative practice scale *
Some of the clu Natnal Comg Out Day on October 11; Gay Pri Month June (often celebrated at other tim on llege mp); Gay and Lbian History Month October; and the Natnal Day of Silence, ually held April at schools across the Uned Stat (U. Signifint dat gay, lbian, and bisexual history clu the Stonewall Rts at the Stonewall Inn New York Cy, New York, om June 27 to 29, 1969, which are tradnally nsired the begng of the morn gay rights movement the U. While ntemporary figur such as athlet and celebri change equently, practners should be faiar wh those who have self-intified or been forced to self-intify as gay, lbian, or bisexual and share this rmatn wh GLB youth.
Accs to openly gay, lbian, and bisexual adults may also be limed by non-discrimatn polici that fail to clu sexual orientatn and th lead some GLB adults to rema the closet for fear of loosg their jobs.
Both the Natnal Youth Advocy Coaln (NYAC) () and the Gay, Lbian, and Straight Edutn Network (GLSEN) () mata lists of programs for GLB youth that n be searched on their web s.
GAY AFFIRMATIVE PRACTICE: CLIL SOCIAL WORKERS’ PERSPECTIV
In this study the thor explor ntextual factors that impact practice beliefs and behavrs among social workers wh lbian and gay clients. The Gay Affirmative Practice sle was ed to measure levels of gay affirmative practice beliefs and practice behavrs among social workers a medi … * gay affirmative practice scale *
Parents and Friends of Lbians and Gays (PFLAG) () provis a list of anizatns that support GLB youth as well as rmatn about anizatns that youth and fai members should avoid bee of their anti-gay posns. In addn, lol muni often have directori of GLB affirmg programs and rourc via their gay and lbian muny centers or prted material such as the Gay Yellow Pag, the Pk Pag, or other parable service directori. Many relig and spirual anizatns, cludg most Christian nomatns, have GLB affirmg anizatns such as Integry (Epispal), Digny (Catholic), Affirmatn (Mormon), and The World Congrs of Gay, Lbian, Bisexual, and Transgenr Jews (Jewish).
Given the potential harm ed by homophobic practners noted earlier this article, is particularly important that practners who work wh GLB youth receive tn and trag on methods of practice that support and affirm GLB youths’ inti and experienc and actively implement this rmatn practice wh Out Mols and Inty as a GLB PersonThe procs of g out as a gay, lbian, or bisexual person has been theorized to follow certa stag and several mols scribg the stag have been veloped (see for example Cass 1979; Coleman 1982; Eichberg 1990; Troin 1988). Bee the mols were veloped largely on the experienc of usian gay men and lbians, they may not be applible to GLB youth of lor who mt negotiate the mastream culture, GLB culture, and their ethnic culture (Ryan and Futterman 1998).
This study asssed clil social workers’ beliefs and behavrs about workg wh gay and lbian clients g the Gay Affirmative Practice Sle (GAPS) (Crisp, 2006). The survey, pleted by 18 clil social workers Mnota, nsisted of the GAP Sle, mographic qutns, and an open-end qutn. The sr om this survey were slightly higher than those om prev studi (a higher sre reprentg more affirmative practice wh gay and lbian clients). Rponnts who had specific trag related to workg wh gay and lbian clients had lower GAPS sr than those who had no specific trag. This study rerced prev rearch which suggted that social workers are practicg affirmatively wh gay and lbian clients. Although rponnts had high GAP sle sr, the answers to the open-end qutns suggted that the rponnts are not nsirg sexualy as a ponent the asssment of clients. * gay affirmative practice scale *
While bisexual inty velopment is siar to gay and lbian inty velopment, fdgs suggt that bisexuals’ g out procs may differ slightly om that of gay men and lbians (Ryan and Futterman 1998). Anti-gay attus, monly referred to as homophobia, practners and other service provirs n negatively affect GLB youth a variety of settgs cludg health re, mental health, tentn facili, and other muny settgs (Ryan and Futterman 1998). Even subtle forms of homophobia exprsed through body language n have a negative effect on GLB youth and may fluence GLB youth’s cisns about whether to disclose their sexual orientatn (Frankowski 2004).
Wele to the webse for the Gay Affirmative Practice Sle ("GAP" for short) veloped by Cathere Crisp, PhD. The GAP was veloped 2002 as part of my dissertatn work for my PhD Social Work at the Universy of Texas at At (Hook 'em, horns!). It is a 2 doma paper and pencil stment… * gay affirmative practice scale *
A review by Crisp (2006) found that homophobia practners may: terfere wh unselg; affect transference and unter-transference; lead to appropriate choic about treatment modali; lead to treatment errors wh clients; and impact clients’ acceptance of challengg issu. Moreover, practners’ homophobia n lead to an attempt to change clients’ sexual orientatn, actns explicly nmned by the Natnal Associatn of Social Workers (NASW), Amerin Psychologil Associatn (APA), Amerin Counselg Associatn (ACA), and Amerin Psychiatric Associatn (ApA) (Amerin Amy of Pediatrics n. ; ApA 1998; NASW 2000) bed wh ternalized homophobia (negative feelgs GLB dividuals have about their own sexual orientatn) by GLB clients, homophobia practners may perpetuate self-hatred; lead to non-pliance wh treatment; and directly extend to nial about challengg issu (Crisp 2002).
Practners who work wh youth are advised to velop the followg skills that will provi support to GLB youth as well as youth who may be qutng their sexual orientatn: (a) create safe environments for GLB youth; (b) asss, don’t assume, GLB youths’ sexual orientatn; (c) help youth work through the stag of the g out procs; (d) terme how “out” a youth is and who supports the youth’s sexual orientatn; (e) treat the prentg challenge, not the youth’s sexual orientatn; (f) exame the prentg challenge the ntext of their liv as both youth and GLB dividuals; (g) work wh fay members to accept GLB youth and support their inti; (h) refer youth to gay affirmative rourc; (i) acknowledge negative feelgs about GLB youth and work to addrs the feelgs; and (j) engage ongog trag and ntug tn around GLB Safe Environments for GLB YouthGiven the aforementned rmatn regardg vlence and harassment of GLB youth, is imperative that practners all settgs work to create safe environments for GLB youth. Practners, as well as anyone ncerned wh GLB youths’ well beg, n do so by anizg and participatg sensivy trag for school admistrators, supportg gay-straight allianc and other muny groups for GLB youth, helpg to diversify schools’ curricula, sponsorg proms for GLB youth, monorg schools’ non-discrimatn polici, distributg rearch and publitns on GLB youth issu, and workg wh parent-teacher anizatns (PFLAG n. However, given the distctn between inty and behavr discsed earlier, practners should not assume that all youth volved same sex relatnships intify as gay, lbian, or bisexual.
Practners should also avoid labelg youth as gay, lbian, or bisexual until youth are ready to accept the labels and should support the labels youth e to self Youth Work Through the Stag of the Comg Out ProcsA posive inty mt tegrate one’s sexual inty to (Baker 2002).
Determg staff experience of lbian, gay, bisexual and genr inty prentatns child and adolcent mental health settgs * gay affirmative practice scale *
While heterosexual youth are surround wh posive role mols and an abundance of imag regardg sexual exprsn, GLB youth may have difficulty fdg support and posive imag, particularly when their muni lack rourc such as gay-straight allianc and visible GLB adult role mols.