Ronnie and Donny are a duo of hero om the Netflix origal seri, Paradise P.D. They are Siame tws. One of them is straight and the other one is gay. The gay one's name was revealed to be Ronnie and the straight one's name was revealed to be Donny. They worked at Paradise P.D. on Kev...
Contents:
- ONE GAY, ONE STRAIGHT: HOW INTIL TWS FEEL ABOUT THEIR DIFFERENT SEXUALITHE AMOUNT WE DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWS N BE STAGGERG, WRE PHILLIP AND DOUGLAS GRIFFHS.DOUGLASEVER SCE WE WERE YOUNG, WE WERE SEPARABLE; BUT ALWAYS PETIVE AND TRYG TO BE DIFFERENT AT WHATEVER WE DID.FROM ATHLETICS TO SOCCER AND SCHOOL, WE WERE THE SAME BUT VERY DIFFERENT. WE FEEL THIS HAS NEVER REALLY CHANGED AS WE HAVE GROWN UP. PHILLIP STUDI MG ENGEERG WHILE I STUDY CIVIL ENGEERG.THROUGH OUR LIV WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN GROUPED TOGETHER LIKE EVERY OTHER TW I ASSUME: “HOW ARE THE TWS?”, “THE TWS ARE OUTSI”. A LACKG SENSE OF DIVIDUALISM IS SOMETHG ALMOST EVERY TW HAS TO AL WH. ON OCSNS YOU'RE ED TO AND DON'T MATTER, BUT SOMETIM A MENT LIKE THAT N HAVE A REAL EFFECT.WHEN WE FISHED HIGH SCHOOL AND BEGAN UNIVERSY AT MONASH AND SWBURNE RPECTIVELY, WE BEGAN TO FD OUR OWN WAY WHOUT EACH OTHER FOR THE FIRST REAL TIME, MAKG DIFFERENT IENDS, ATTENDG DIFFERENT CLASS (ALTHOUGH STILL LEARNG THE MAJORY OF THE SAME THGS) AND WE BEGAN TO EXPERIENCE THAT DIVIDUALY WE CRAVED.I N ONLY THK THAT BROUGHT CLOSER. HAVG A TW IS WHOUT A DOUBT BETTER THAN NOT HAVG A TW, AND EVEN IF WE ARE GROUPED TOGETHER, I DON'T KNOW WHAT I WOULD DO WHOUT HIM.WHEN PHILLIP ME OUT TO ME THAT HE WAS HOMOSEXUAL, ME AS A LTLE B OF A SHOCK. WE WERE SO SIAR SO MANY WAYS, WAS HARD TO PICTURE THAT WE WERE SO DIFFERENT OUR SEXUAL PREFERENCE. BUT OM THE BEGNG, I WAS ACCEPTG. I KNEW THAT PHILLIP WAS EXACTLY THE SAME PERSON HE WAS WHEN I THOUGHT HE WAS STRAIGHT, AND HE IS STILL MY BT IEND. WHEN PHILLIP TOLD OUR IENDS ABOUT HIS PREFERENC, A LOT OF OUR IENDS WOULD E TO ME WH QUTNS OR TO JT TALK ABOUT , BUT OVERALL THEY WERE ALL ACCEPTG.WE WERE SO SIAR SO MANY WAYS, WAS HARD TO PICTURE THAT WE WERE SO DIFFERENT OUR SEXUAL PREFERENCE.WHEN TO TELLG OR TALKG WH NEW PEOPLE ABOUT THIS DIFFERENCE, THEY DIDN'T SEEM TO UNRSTAND AS MUCH AS OUR IENDS DID. THEY EHER DON'T BELIEVE , SAYG WE ACT THE SAME (SO ONE N'T BE GAY), OR WILL ASK ME, “IF YOUR TW IS GAY, WHY AREN'T YOU?”I UNRSTAND THAT THEY MAY BE CUR ABOUT MEETG TWS LIKE , BUT THE AMOUNT OF IGNORANCE AND LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TWS - PARTICULARLY THAT TWS N BE DIFFERENT - IS STAGGERG.IT'S AN AMAZG EXPERIENCE TO KEEP LEARNG ABOUT OTHER TWS AND WH THAT, ABOUT MYSELF.PHILLIP (L) AND DOUGLAS (R) CHAT ABOUT LIFE AS A TW ON INSIGHT SOURCE: INSIGHTPHILLIPFROM BIRTH, WE WERE ALWAYS BT IENDS, WANTG TO EXPERIENCE NEW THGS LIFE TOGETHER. GROWG UP, THERE WERE TIM WE TRIED TO BE DIFFERENT AND HAVE OUR DIVIDUALY STEAD OF JT BEG “THE TWS”, BUT FOUND THAT WE WERE BT IENDS AND ULDN'T CHANGE THAT.EVEN HIGH SCHOOL WE ACTIVELY MA DIFFERENT IENDS. BUT THEN I GOT TO KNOW DOUG’S IENDS, AND HE GOT TO KNOW ME, AND OUR IENDS GOT TO KNOW EACH OTHER, AND TURNED OUT OUR IENDS WERE SO SIAR EVERYONE GOT TOGETHER. THE FACT THAT WE DID ALL THE SAME SUBJECTS, WORKED SO SIARLY AND ENJOYED THE SAME THGS WAS PROBABLY THE E FOR THAT.Y, WE WOULD FIGHT, AND WOULD GET TO VERY HEATED BAT, BUT WOULD TAKE ALMOST NO TIME FOR BOTH OF TO LGH AND REALISE WAS POTLS, WANTG TO APOLOGISE AND GET BACK TO TALKG BBISH.WHEN WE WERE BORN DOUGLAS, HAD HIS UMBILIL RD WRAPPED AROUND HIS NECK AND HAD TO BE TAKEN AWAY TO BE LOOKED AFTER. WHILE HE WAS GONE, I WAS SCRIBED AS BEG AGATED AND VISIBLY UPSET AND WASN'T UNTIL HE ME BACK TO THE ROOM THAT I PERKED UP. HE WAS REVERG - HE ATE FIRST - AND I FALLY STARTED TO EAT AFTER THE HOURS HE WAS AWAY.THIS ULD ALMOST BE THE START OF ME G DOUG AS MY TT DUMMY. I WOULD ALWAYS BE MORE OUTGOG AND WANTG TO TRY NEW THGS BUT WOULD BE TOO SHY OR SRED TO DO THEM MYSELF, SO I WOULD GET DOUG TO TRY THEM FIRST. WHETHER WAS GOG SWIMMG FOR THE FIRST TIME, PETTG A STRANGE DOG WHEN WE WERE YOUNGER OR JUMPG OFF THE 10M DIVG BOARD, I HAD TO MAKE SURE I WOULD BE SAFE BEFORE TRYG . OUR PARENTS EVEN SAY THAT ONCE I BROUGHT DOUG UP A SLI AND PHED HIM DOWN AGAST HIS WILL BEFORE TRYG MYSELF.PHYSILLY, WE’VE ALWAYS BEEN THE SAME, GETTG THE SAME PERSONAL BT OR JT MUTE DIFFERENC ATHLETICS WHEN WE WERE YOUNGER ALWAYS. ONCE, WHEN WE WERE ABOUT THE SAME AGE AND DNED FOR THE MOVIE “THREE DOLLARS”, THE DIRECTOR HAD TO FLIP A TO CI BETWEEN WHO WOULD GET THE ROLE.AFTER FISHG HIGH SCHOOL, I STARTED TO TAKE TIME TO ADDRS MY SEXUALY AND MY INTY. WHILE GOG THROUGH THIS, DOUG WAS ACTUALLY NOTICG SOMETHG WAS GOG THROUGH MY MD AND THAT I WASN'T ACTG MYSELF. AS SOON AS I ACCEPTED MYSELF, DOUG WAS THE FIRST PERSON I TOLD. AFTER TELLG HIM, I WAS MORE LIKE MYSELF AND AS I NEVER HID ANYTHG OM HIM. I FELT CLOSER TO DOUG AFTER THAT POT.WE GOT A LOT OF THE QUTNS LIKE, “AREN'T YOU BOTH GAY THEN?” OR “SO, ARE YOU ACTUALLY INTIL?”IT WAS FELY A SHOCK FOR HIM BUT HE WAS ALWAYS SUPPORTIVE AND BACKED ME EVERYTHG. WE GOT A LOT OF THE QUTNS LIKE, “AREN'T YOU BOTH GAY THEN?” OR “SO, ARE YOU ACTUALLY INTIL?” AND ALWAYS KNEW THAT THE WERE JT QUTNS BACKED BY LACK OF KNOWLEDGE/IGNORANCE. WE ARE DIFFERENT PEOPLE BUT LEANG AND HEARG ABOUT NEW KNOWLEDGE ON EPIGEICS AND HOW THEY MAKE DIFFERENT AND SIAR, EVEN THOUGH WE ARE 99.9% INTIL GEILLY, IS CREDIBLY TERTG.BEG A TW IS PROBABLY THE BT THG MY LIFE, AS DOUG IS MY BT IEND. HE HAS HELPED ME THROUGH EVERYTHG LIFE AND I HOPE I'LL ALWAYS BE THERE FOR HIM TOO. I WOULDN'T CHANGE A THG. INSIGHT, TWS PART 1 AND 2| CATCH-UP NOW ONLE: [VIORD VIO="634373187607"][VIORD VIO="639658051625"]MORE ON TWSHOW DO GEICS EXPLA NON-INTIL INTIL TWS?'UNEXPECTED SURG OF RELIEF': ONE REACTN TO THE ATH OF A TW BROTHERGEN PLAY A MAJOR PART VULNERABILY TO EATG DISORRS, PRSNSHAREFOLLOW INSIGHTFACEBOOKTWTERSTAGRAMYOUTUBEINSIGHT IS ATRALIA'S LEADG FOM FOR BATE AND POWERFUL FIRST-PERSON STORI OFFERG A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THE WAY WE LIVE. READ MORE ABOUT INSIGHTWATCH NOWJO THE DIENCEHAVE A STORY OR MENT? CONTACT USINSIGHT IS ATRALIA'S LEADG FOM FOR BATE AND POWERFUL FIRST-PERSON STORI OFFERG A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THE WAY WE LIVE.WATCH NOWFOLLOW INSIGHTFACEBOOKTWTERSTAGRAMYOUTUBE6 M READPUBLISHED 15 MARCH 2016 3:13PMUPDATED 28 FEBARY 2020 2:31PMBY DOUGLAS GRIFFHS, PHILLIPSHARE THIS WH FAY AND IENDSCOPY LKSHAREREMEND FOR YOU
- THK YOUR LIFE IS TOUGH? THE GUYS ARE SIAME TWS, AND ONLY ONE IS GAY. THEY SHARE THE SAME ASS TWEET FIBERSETZEN
- BIGRABSAYS BIGRABSAYS THK YOUR LIFE IS TOUGH? THE GUYS ARE SIAME TWS, AND ONLY ONE IS GAY. THEY SHARE THE SAME ASS LE
- HAVING A BAD DAY? YOU BE SIAMESE TWIN ATTACHED TO A GAY. BROTHER WHO HAS A DATE AND YOUR THE ONLY ONE WITH AN ASS.
- TOM HOLLAND’S GAY SEX SCENE 'THE CROWD ROOM' DEFEND BY FANS
ONE GAY, ONE STRAIGHT: HOW INTIL TWS FEEL ABOUT THEIR DIFFERENT SEXUALITHE AMOUNT WE DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWS N BE STAGGERG, WRE PHILLIP AND DOUGLAS GRIFFHS.DOUGLASEVER SCE WE WERE YOUNG, WE WERE SEPARABLE; BUT ALWAYS PETIVE AND TRYG TO BE DIFFERENT AT WHATEVER WE DID.FROM ATHLETICS TO SOCCER AND SCHOOL, WE WERE THE SAME BUT VERY DIFFERENT. WE FEEL THIS HAS NEVER REALLY CHANGED AS WE HAVE GROWN UP. PHILLIP STUDI MG ENGEERG WHILE I STUDY CIVIL ENGEERG.THROUGH OUR LIV WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN GROUPED TOGETHER LIKE EVERY OTHER TW I ASSUME: “HOW ARE THE TWS?”, “THE TWS ARE OUTSI”. A LACKG SENSE OF DIVIDUALISM IS SOMETHG ALMOST EVERY TW HAS TO AL WH. ON OCSNS YOU'RE ED TO AND DON'T MATTER, BUT SOMETIM A MENT LIKE THAT N HAVE A REAL EFFECT.WHEN WE FISHED HIGH SCHOOL AND BEGAN UNIVERSY AT MONASH AND SWBURNE RPECTIVELY, WE BEGAN TO FD OUR OWN WAY WHOUT EACH OTHER FOR THE FIRST REAL TIME, MAKG DIFFERENT IENDS, ATTENDG DIFFERENT CLASS (ALTHOUGH STILL LEARNG THE MAJORY OF THE SAME THGS) AND WE BEGAN TO EXPERIENCE THAT DIVIDUALY WE CRAVED.I N ONLY THK THAT BROUGHT CLOSER. HAVG A TW IS WHOUT A DOUBT BETTER THAN NOT HAVG A TW, AND EVEN IF WE ARE GROUPED TOGETHER, I DON'T KNOW WHAT I WOULD DO WHOUT HIM.WHEN PHILLIP ME OUT TO ME THAT HE WAS HOMOSEXUAL, ME AS A LTLE B OF A SHOCK. WE WERE SO SIAR SO MANY WAYS, WAS HARD TO PICTURE THAT WE WERE SO DIFFERENT OUR SEXUAL PREFERENCE. BUT OM THE BEGNG, I WAS ACCEPTG. I KNEW THAT PHILLIP WAS EXACTLY THE SAME PERSON HE WAS WHEN I THOUGHT HE WAS STRAIGHT, AND HE IS STILL MY BT IEND. WHEN PHILLIP TOLD OUR IENDS ABOUT HIS PREFERENC, A LOT OF OUR IENDS WOULD E TO ME WH QUTNS OR TO JT TALK ABOUT , BUT OVERALL THEY WERE ALL ACCEPTG.WE WERE SO SIAR SO MANY WAYS, WAS HARD TO PICTURE THAT WE WERE SO DIFFERENT OUR SEXUAL PREFERENCE.WHEN TO TELLG OR TALKG WH NEW PEOPLE ABOUT THIS DIFFERENCE, THEY DIDN'T SEEM TO UNRSTAND AS MUCH AS OUR IENDS DID. THEY EHER DON'T BELIEVE , SAYG WE ACT THE SAME (SO ONE N'T BE GAY), OR WILL ASK ME, “IF YOUR TW IS GAY, WHY AREN'T YOU?”I UNRSTAND THAT THEY MAY BE CUR ABOUT MEETG TWS LIKE , BUT THE AMOUNT OF IGNORANCE AND LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TWS - PARTICULARLY THAT TWS N BE DIFFERENT - IS STAGGERG.IT'S AN AMAZG EXPERIENCE TO KEEP LEARNG ABOUT OTHER TWS AND WH THAT, ABOUT MYSELF.PHILLIP (L) AND DOUGLAS (R) CHAT ABOUT LIFE AS A TW ON INSIGHT SOURCE: INSIGHTPHILLIPFROM BIRTH, WE WERE ALWAYS BT IENDS, WANTG TO EXPERIENCE NEW THGS LIFE TOGETHER. GROWG UP, THERE WERE TIM WE TRIED TO BE DIFFERENT AND HAVE OUR DIVIDUALY STEAD OF JT BEG “THE TWS”, BUT FOUND THAT WE WERE BT IENDS AND ULDN'T CHANGE THAT.EVEN HIGH SCHOOL WE ACTIVELY MA DIFFERENT IENDS. BUT THEN I GOT TO KNOW DOUG’S IENDS, AND HE GOT TO KNOW ME, AND OUR IENDS GOT TO KNOW EACH OTHER, AND TURNED OUT OUR IENDS WERE SO SIAR EVERYONE GOT TOGETHER. THE FACT THAT WE DID ALL THE SAME SUBJECTS, WORKED SO SIARLY AND ENJOYED THE SAME THGS WAS PROBABLY THE E FOR THAT.Y, WE WOULD FIGHT, AND WOULD GET TO VERY HEATED BAT, BUT WOULD TAKE ALMOST NO TIME FOR BOTH OF TO LGH AND REALISE WAS POTLS, WANTG TO APOLOGISE AND GET BACK TO TALKG BBISH.WHEN WE WERE BORN DOUGLAS, HAD HIS UMBILIL RD WRAPPED AROUND HIS NECK AND HAD TO BE TAKEN AWAY TO BE LOOKED AFTER. WHILE HE WAS GONE, I WAS SCRIBED AS BEG AGATED AND VISIBLY UPSET AND WASN'T UNTIL HE ME BACK TO THE ROOM THAT I PERKED UP. HE WAS REVERG - HE ATE FIRST - AND I FALLY STARTED TO EAT AFTER THE HOURS HE WAS AWAY.THIS ULD ALMOST BE THE START OF ME G DOUG AS MY TT DUMMY. I WOULD ALWAYS BE MORE OUTGOG AND WANTG TO TRY NEW THGS BUT WOULD BE TOO SHY OR SRED TO DO THEM MYSELF, SO I WOULD GET DOUG TO TRY THEM FIRST. WHETHER WAS GOG SWIMMG FOR THE FIRST TIME, PETTG A STRANGE DOG WHEN WE WERE YOUNGER OR JUMPG OFF THE 10M DIVG BOARD, I HAD TO MAKE SURE I WOULD BE SAFE BEFORE TRYG . OUR PARENTS EVEN SAY THAT ONCE I BROUGHT DOUG UP A SLI AND PHED HIM DOWN AGAST HIS WILL BEFORE TRYG MYSELF.PHYSILLY, WE’VE ALWAYS BEEN THE SAME, GETTG THE SAME PERSONAL BT OR JT MUTE DIFFERENC ATHLETICS WHEN WE WERE YOUNGER ALWAYS. ONCE, WHEN WE WERE ABOUT THE SAME AGE AND DNED FOR THE MOVIE “THREE DOLLARS”, THE DIRECTOR HAD TO FLIP A TO CI BETWEEN WHO WOULD GET THE ROLE.AFTER FISHG HIGH SCHOOL, I STARTED TO TAKE TIME TO ADDRS MY SEXUALY AND MY INTY. WHILE GOG THROUGH THIS, DOUG WAS ACTUALLY NOTICG SOMETHG WAS GOG THROUGH MY MD AND THAT I WASN'T ACTG MYSELF. AS SOON AS I ACCEPTED MYSELF, DOUG WAS THE FIRST PERSON I TOLD. AFTER TELLG HIM, I WAS MORE LIKE MYSELF AND AS I NEVER HID ANYTHG OM HIM. I FELT CLOSER TO DOUG AFTER THAT POT.WE GOT A LOT OF THE QUTNS LIKE, “AREN'T YOU BOTH GAY THEN?” OR “SO, ARE YOU ACTUALLY INTIL?”IT WAS FELY A SHOCK FOR HIM BUT HE WAS ALWAYS SUPPORTIVE AND BACKED ME EVERYTHG. WE GOT A LOT OF THE QUTNS LIKE, “AREN'T YOU BOTH GAY THEN?” OR “SO, ARE YOU ACTUALLY INTIL?” AND ALWAYS KNEW THAT THE WERE JT QUTNS BACKED BY LACK OF KNOWLEDGE/IGNORANCE. WE ARE DIFFERENT PEOPLE BUT LEANG AND HEARG ABOUT NEW KNOWLEDGE ON EPIGEICS AND HOW THEY MAKE DIFFERENT AND SIAR, EVEN THOUGH WE ARE 99.9% INTIL GEILLY, IS CREDIBLY TERTG.BEG A TW IS PROBABLY THE BT THG MY LIFE, AS DOUG IS MY BT IEND. HE HAS HELPED ME THROUGH EVERYTHG LIFE AND I HOPE I'LL ALWAYS BE THERE FOR HIM TOO. I WOULDN'T CHANGE A THG. INSIGHT, TWS PART 1 AND 2| CATCH-UP NOW ONLE: [VIORD VIO="634373187607"][VIORD VIO="639658051625"]MORE ON TWSHOW DO GEICS EXPLA NON-INTIL INTIL TWS?'UNEXPECTED SURG OF RELIEF': ONE REACTN TO THE ATH OF A TW BROTHERGEN PLAY A MAJOR PART VULNERABILY TO EATG DISORRS, PRSNSHAREFOLLOW INSIGHTFACEBOOKTWTERSTAGRAMYOUTUBEINSIGHT IS ATRALIA'S LEADG FOM FOR BATE AND POWERFUL FIRST-PERSON STORI OFFERG A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THE WAY WE LIVE. READ MORE ABOUT INSIGHTWATCH NOWJO THE DIENCEHAVE A STORY OR MENT? CONTACT USINSIGHT IS ATRALIA'S LEADG FOM FOR BATE AND POWERFUL FIRST-PERSON STORI OFFERG A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THE WAY WE LIVE.WATCH NOWFOLLOW INSIGHTFACEBOOKTWTERSTAGRAMYOUTUBE6 M READPUBLISHED 15 MARCH 2016 3:13PMUPDATED 28 FEBARY 2020 2:31PMBY DOUGLAS GRIFFHS, PHILLIPSHARE THIS WH FAY AND IENDSCOPY LKSHAREREMEND FOR YOU
In fact, scientists recently intified two specific gen that appear to differ between gay and straight men [1].
For example, one may be straight while the other is gay.
In s like this, some might argue that perhaps both tws are actually gay, but one jt hasn’t e out yet. In a study where scientists looked at the sexual aroal patterns of intil tws wh different sexuali—specifilly, where one was gay and the other was straight—they found that gay tws monstrated more genal aroal rponse to same-sex imag, whereas straight tws monstrated more aroal rponse to oppose-sex imag [2]. In theory, this means two people uld rry “gay gen, ” but both of them wouldn’t necsarily be gay pendg on certa environmental factors.
THK YOUR LIFE IS TOUGH? THE GUYS ARE SIAME TWS, AND ONLY ONE IS GAY. THEY SHARE THE SAME ASS TWEET FIBERSETZEN
012% of the populatn nsists of a gay or bisexual person who happens to have an intil tw [2].
Havg a tw is whout a doubt better than not havg a tw, and even if we are grouped together, I don't know what I would do whout Phillip me out to me that he was homosexual, me as a ltle b of a shock.
BIGRABSAYS BIGRABSAYS THK YOUR LIFE IS TOUGH? THE GUYS ARE SIAME TWS, AND ONLY ONE IS GAY. THEY SHARE THE SAME ASS LE
They eher don't believe , sayg we act the same (so one n't be gay), or will ask me, “If your tw is gay, why aren't you? I felt closer to Doug after that got a lot of the qutns like, “Aren't you both gay then?
We got a lot of the qutns like, “Aren't you both gay then? To andrew learns there are siame tws, but only the one is gay. Homosexual?
HAVING A BAD DAY? YOU BE SIAMESE TWIN ATTACHED TO A GAY. BROTHER WHO HAS A DATE AND YOUR THE ONLY ONE WITH AN ASS.
2 mentJt prov gay a’t geic but fact a mental illns due to fucked up sexual tasteaaser6121 may 20212honniellyxvkb1wfcf706021 may 20210.
TOM HOLLAND’S GAY SEX SCENE 'THE CROWD ROOM' DEFEND BY FANS
Furself21 jun 202160816Wouldn’t that be proof that you’re not born gay? FlygWhale21 jun 20211788_ItsFnAliens_22 jun 2021164The gay tw: "I'm kda horny tonight" The other tw:SlantedSlapper21 jun 2021662Fuckg suici looks real good at that potRooster0321 jun 2021482. memepedia log Animals & Nature Anime & Manga Art & Creative Cars Celebri Gamg Girls Inter Mem Movi Other Polics Science & Tech Sports TV shows log new featured top mem mem talog Animals & Nature Anime & Manga Art & Creative Cars Celebri Gamg Girls Inter Mem Movi Other Polics Science & Tech Sports TV shows trendg channelsWTFAnimalsGamComicVioSportsiFunny OrigalsWholome Wednday❤ App Store Google Play memepedia about app privacy terms public relatns Q&A iFunny guil feedback © iFunny 2023 Sh_Emperor_Sa2386 12 jan 2021#havg#bad#siame#tw#attached#gay#brother#has#date#only0 ment YokySplonk 8d133Morn SpongeBob (The Patrick Star Show to be specific) is now referencg the Nostalgia Cric.