Teacher attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts: Evince for tergroup ntact theory and sendary transfer effects | Social Psychology of Edutn

Contents:

• TOM HOLLAND’S GAY SEX SCENE SETS SOCIAL MEDIA ALIGHT AFTER THE ACTOR SAID PLAYG THE ROLE ‘BROKE HIM’
• JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ASSISTANT STRENGTH ACH KEV MAXEN OUT PUBLICLY AS GAY
• LAKERS AMONG TEAMS LKED TO RUDY GAY
• LGBT RIGHTS AI: WILL KENYA BE THE LATT TO PASS ANTI-GAY LAW?
• RACG TO PRERVE THE HISTORY OF MAE’S 1ST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN
• JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ASSISTANT COACH KEV MAXEN MAK HISTORY AFTER COMG OUT AS GAY
• WHAT DO IT MEAN TO BE GAY? DEFN AND MEANG OF GAY
• MALE VS GAY - WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?MALE | GAY |AS ADJECTIV THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND GAYIS THAT MALE IS BELONGG TO THE SEX WHICH TYPILLY HAS TT, WHICH HUMANS AND MOST OTHER MAMMALS IS TYPILLY THE ONE WHICH HAS XY CHROMOSOM WHILE GAY IS (DATED).AS NOUNS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND GAYIS THAT MALE IS ONE OF THE MALE (MASCULE) SEX OR GENR WHILE GAY IS (CHIEFLY| PLURAL OR ATTRIBUTIVE) A HOMOSEXUAL, PECIALLY'' A MALE HOMOSEXUAL; ''SEE ALSO LBIAN OR GAY N BE THE NAME OF THE LETTER ⟨— ⟩, WHICH STANDS FOR THE SOUND , PMAN SHORTHAND.AS A VERB GAY IS.OTHER COMPARISONS: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?FEMALE VS GAYMALE
• TEACHER ATTUS TOWARD LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL STUNTS: EVINCE FOR TERGROUP NTACT THEORY AND SENDARY TRANSFER EFFECTS
• AM I GAY?

TOM HOLLAND’S GAY SEX SCENE SETS SOCIAL MEDIA ALIGHT AFTER THE ACTOR SAID PLAYG THE ROLE ‘BROKE HIM’

Before jog Jacksonville’s achg staff, he was a strength ach for the football teams at Baylor and Febary 2022, Maxen reached out to NFL player Carl Nassib, who me out as gay 2021, to seek advice.

Veteran forward Rudy Gay is expected to draw tert om several playoff-liber teams, cludg the Goln State Warrrs, Los Angel Lakers, Dallas Mavericks, Chigo Bulls, and New Orleans Pelins, league sourc told HoopsHype. Gee Peter Kaluma's move after neighbourg Uganda adopted a tough new anti-gay law, rejectg threats by US Print Joe Bin to impose sanctns and travel rtrictns on "anyone volved ser human rights ab".

"We want to prohib everythg to do wh homosexualy, " Mr Kaluma tells me, addg that his bill will be much broar than the legislatn passed by Uganda's parliament and approved by Print Yoweri Meveni May.

JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ASSISTANT STRENGTH ACH KEV MAXEN OUT PUBLICLY AS GAY

The Ugandan law is regard as one of the harsht anti-LGBTQ laws the propos life imprisonment for anyone nvicted of homosexualy, and the ath penalty for so-lled aggravated s, which clu havg gay sex wh someone below the age of 18 or where someone be fected wh a life-long illns such as the other si of the ntent, MPs Ghana earlier this month unanimoly voted favour of amendments to the untry's anti-gay legislatn, phg closer to beg enacted to law. Though ls harsh than Uganda's new law, the Promotn of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Fay Valu Bill propos a three-year prison sentence for anyone who intifi as LGBTQ and a 10-year sentence for anyone who promot homosexualy. Gay sex is already illegal Kenya, but the ernment n also be tolerant of gay people - for example, has given asylum to people om other Ain untri, cludg Uganda, who faced persecutn their home untri bee of their sexual orientatn.

Image source, Getty ImagImage ptn, Many Kenyans believe that gay rights are agast their relign - whether Christian or MlimAlthough the meetg Uganda was billed as an attempt to protect the "sovereignty" of Ain stat, was actually -sponsored by an Amerin Christian right-wg anisatn, Fay Watch Internatnal (FWI) Kapya Kaoma, a Zambian prit the Anglin Church and an amic at Boston Universy the US, says Ain untri are beg targeted by FWI and siar US-based anisatns, and that the impact of s lobbyg has been "horrible and humane" parts of Ai, fuellg what he lls "ant homophobia". "It is one thg to say: 'I don't agree wh you beg gay', but we didn't have the ant one, where policians now are sayg: 'You go to jail for life, you go to jail for talkg about beg gay, you go to jail bee you're livg wh your fellow woman', " Dr Kaoma says. Bull and Hasks helped found the groundbreakg stunt group at the Universy of Mae 1973 — then held the first Mae Gay Symposium 1974, which jump-started Mae’s LGBTQ+ rights stggle, lnchg much further ahead toward jtice than most other stat.

A photographic ntact sheet showg Steven Bull speakg at the first gay symposium put on by the Wild Ste Club at the Universy pf Mae 1974, is part of Bull’s papers hoed the Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversy’s LGBTQ+ llectn at the Universy of Southern Mae. No NFL ach had ever publicly e out as gay, so Maxen, an assistant strength and ndng ach for the Jacksonville Jaguars, kept quiet about his sexual orientatn.And that ma him angry — at himself.“It was an anger and hatred of myself bee I put myself a life where I was livg by other people’s l and not by my own,” Maxen told Outsports. First-year Sparks ach Curt Miller, who ached the Connecticut Sun for seven years before that, has been out for s.Acrdg to the article, Maxen ma his cisn to do so last year and reached out for advice om Carl Nassib, who 2021 beme the NFL’s first out gay active player as a member of the Las Vegas Rairs.It was Nassib who put Maxen ntact wh Outsports.

LAKERS AMONG TEAMS LKED TO RUDY GAY

male | gay |As adjectiv the difference between male and gayis that male is belongg to the sex which typilly has tt, which humans and most other mammals is typilly the one which has xy chromosom while gay is (dated) nouns the difference between male and gayis that male is one of the male (mascule) sex or genr while gay is (chiefly| plural or attributive) a homosexual, pecially'' a male homosexual; ''see also lbian or gay n be the name of the letter ⟨— ⟩, which stands for the sound, pman a verb gay Comparisons: What's the difference?

* 1992, Unto the Sons, Ballante Books 1993, ISBN 0804110336, page 15- - - my father's father, Gaetano Tale ( whose name I hered after my birth 1932, the anglicized om of "Gay "), was an atypilly fearls traveler, * 2004, Bad Dirt, Fourth Estate, ISBN 0007196911, page 32"Mr Gay Brawls. For example, a Gallup poll of more than 12, 000 US adults (Jon, 2022), 21% of Generatn Z rponnts (born 1997–2003) self-intify as lbian, gay, bisexual, or transgenr (LGBT)—a rather high number pared to 11% of Millenials (born 1981–1996) and 4% of Generatn X rponnts (born 1965–1980).

The sexual mory stunts benef om the safe spac—where stunts n eely be who they are whout fearg negative nsequenc of any kd—created by their teachers as studi monstrate lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts to be more vulnerable than heterosexual stunts to experience homo- and biphobic discrimatn, stigmatizatn, and victimizatn (Dunn et al., 2017; Gegenfurtner & Gebhardt, 2017; Smh & Reidy, 2021) which, ultimately, rc their amic achievement (Goldfarb & Lieberman, 2021; Kosciw et al., 2020). To mimize the negative school experienc for sexual mory children and adolcents, is important to sensize pre-service teachers early their teachg reers and crease their attus toward the vulnerable groups of stunts bee, as rearch fdgs suggt, teachers wh posive attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts are more likely to create safe spac (Goldste-Schultz, 2022), prevent homophobic behavr (Glikman & Elkayam, 2019), rrect peer bullyg (Nappa et al., 2018), act as mentors (Gastic & Johnson, 2009), participate sexual diversy trag (Kwok, 2018), and implement LGBTQ-clive curricula their classrooms (Klocke et al., 2019; Page, 2017) than teachers wh homonegative attus. Followg the attu theory proposed by Eagly and Chaiken (2007), teacher attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual youth n be fed as psychologil tennci that are exprsed by evaluatg lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts school wh some gree of favor or disfavor.

LGBT RIGHTS AI: WILL KENYA BE THE LATT TO PASS ANTI-GAY LAW?

Eagly and Chaiken (2007) pos that attus n be short-term or long-term; while past experienc of an dividual wh a particular attu object (for example, wh gay or lbian stunts) n tablish a certa stable tenncy to rpond favorably or unfavorably to other gay or lbian stunts, the rpons are not necsarily temporally permanent—they n change as an dividual mak more experienc (for example, new social ntacts) which leave novel mental ridu that predispose how an dividual (a teacher) rponds to attu objects the future. For this purpose, survey-based rearch employs the feelg thermometer approach (Alw, 2007; Herek & McLemore, 2013), which measur overt affective feelgs toward an attu object (Eagly & Chaiken, 2007): Based on a symbolic thermometer, teachers numerilly exprs their favorable or unfavorable feelgs towards lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts, wh their attus rrpondg to temperatur.

Comparg different target groups, Pettigrew and Tropp (2006) reported that the largt effect siz of rced prejudice emerged for sampl volvg ntact between heterosexuals and homosexuals, followed by ntact wh physilly disabled and ethnilly diverse people. Ined, for pre- and -service teachers, a number of studi show that attus toward sexual mori are more posive if teachers had social ntact wh bisexual and homosexual people (Herek & McLemore, 2013).

Posive relatns between tergroup ntact and rced sexual prejudice, posive attus, and equent rpons to homophobic bullyg school have also been documented wh teacher sampl om Germany (Klocke et al., 2019), Greece (Grigoropoulos, 2022), and Italy (Bac et al., 2020; Simone et al., 2022; Zotti et al., 2019). Studi that nsired sampl of US teachers found that teachers wh sexual mory iends have more favorable feelgs toward bisexual and homosexual stunts (Foy & Hodge, 2016; Stucky et al., 2020) and fay members (Foy & Hodge, 2016). To acunt for the different qualy of work ntacts, is specified here as someone one’s larger social work (for example, loose acquatanc at work or a socially distant neighbor), one’s close iendship circle (for example, a very good or a bt iend), or one’s fay (a lbian, gay, or bisexual siblg).

RACG TO PRERVE THE HISTORY OF MAE’S 1ST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN

If this assumptn also holds te for sexual mori, then social ntact wh lbian women, for example, would heighten teachers’ attus toward gay and bisexual stunts, even whout prr social ntact wh the latter groups. In ntrast to tergroup ntact theory, to date, sendary transfer effects have hardly been examed empirilly; the transfer effects of pre-service teachers’ tergroup ntact on their attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts rema unexplored. 3 Correlat of teacher attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stuntsIn addn to tergroup ntact, Herek and McLemore’s (2013) nceptual amework of sexual prejudice intifi a number of characteristics that fluence the directn and magnu of prejudice toward sexual mori.

JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ASSISTANT COACH KEV MAXEN MAK HISTORY AFTER COMG OUT AS GAY

Ground this amework, past rearch on pre-service and -service teachers examed a seri of rrelat, cludg age, genr, sexual orientatn, hometown size, religsy, and polil, terms of age, Herek and McLemore (2013) speculated that sexual prejudice tends to bee “dysfunctnal if muny and peer group norms change such that exprsns of antigay attus evoke social rejectn rather than support” (p.

Although seems plsible that (cisgenr heterosexual) men value bi- and homosexual dividuals to affirm their own masculy and heterosexualy (Herek & McLemore, 2013), a number of studi have reported nonsignifint genr differenc attus (Grigoropoulos, 2022; Hall & Rodgers, 2019; Stucky et al., 2020; Wyatt et al., 2008). The fdgs rrpond wh ample rearch evince beyond teacher populatns documentg greater levels of sexual prejudice and homonegative attus of heterosexual men pared to heterosexual women, particularly directed toward gay men (Herek, 2002; Klocke, prs; Petersen & Hy 2010). (2020) reported higher levels of prejudice among heterosexual teachers than homosexual teachers, while Hall and Rodgers (2019) reported that sexual orientatn was a nonsignifint predictor of LGBQ teacher attus.

Furthermore, heterosexual pared to LGB people show a greater need to reaffirm their masculy and their nformy to tradnal genr rol, which is associated wh more negative attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual people (Herek, 2002; Herek & McLemore, 2013). For the reasons, we hypothize that bi- and homosexual pre-service teachers feel more posively toward bi- and homosexual stunts than heterosexual teachers, terms of hometown size, rearch evince is ambiguo. A number of studi wh teachers workg Korea (Jeong, 2020), Brazil (Stucky et al., 2020), Italy (Bac et al., 2020), and the USA (Hall & Rodgers, 2019; Page, 2017) have reported that highly relig teachers have ls posive attus toward lbian and gay people, prumably bee homosexualy dispts and vlat the value systems and tradnal genr rol of certa relig nomatns.

WHAT DO IT MEAN TO BE GAY? DEFN AND MEANG OF GAY

Teachers who are polilly liberal and left-wg oriented have more favorable feelgs toward lbians and gays than teachers who are polilly nservative and right-wg oriented (Bac et al., 2020; Foy & Hodge, 2016; Hall & Rodgers, 2019; Heras-Sevilla & Ortega-Sánchez, 2020; Klocke et al., 2019), probably bee polilly nservative people value heteronormative genr rol and sexual relatns. 4 The prent articleBased on Eagly and Chaiken’s (2007) attu theory, this article prents two studi that examed the predictors of pre-service teachers’ attus toward bi- and homosexual school stunts. To this end, feelg thermometer sr obtaed om a sample of 989 pre-service teachers were ed to analyze the distributn and social, relig, polil, and mographic rrelat of attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts schools.

Acrdgly, the differenc feelg thermometer sr obtaed om a sample of 406 pre-service teachers were analyzed to vtigate whether tergroup ntact is associated wh a sendary rctn of bi- or homonegative attus toward the nonntacted outgroup.

Hypothis 1 assumed that pre-service teachers wh lbian, gay, or bisexual dividuals their social work (Hypothis 1a), particularly as close iends (Hypothis 1b) or fay members (Hypothis 1c), would display more posive attus than pre-service teachers whout social ntact. Hypothis 2 assumed that attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts would be more favorable among pre-service teachers who are of younger ag (Hypothis 2a), are female (Hypothis 2b), intify as bisexual or homosexual (Hypothis 2c), were raised an urban area (Hypothis 2d), are ls relig (Hypothis 2e), and are polilly left-wg oriented (Hypothis 2f). 2 Intergroup ntactTo measure social ntact, we asked the participatg pre-service teachers whether they were ntact wh lbian, gay, or bisexual people as acquatanc one’s larger social work, as close iends, or as fay members.

MALE VS GAY - WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?MALE | GAY |AS ADJECTIV THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND GAYIS THAT MALE IS BELONGG TO THE SEX WHICH TYPILLY HAS TT, WHICH HUMANS AND MOST OTHER MAMMALS IS TYPILLY THE ONE WHICH HAS XY CHROMOSOM WHILE GAY IS (DATED).AS NOUNS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND GAYIS THAT MALE IS ONE OF THE MALE (MASCULE) SEX OR GENR WHILE GAY IS (CHIEFLY| PLURAL OR ATTRIBUTIVE) A HOMOSEXUAL, PECIALLY'' A MALE HOMOSEXUAL; ''SEE ALSO LBIAN OR GAY N BE THE NAME OF THE LETTER ⟨— ⟩, WHICH STANDS FOR THE SOUND , PMAN SHORTHAND.AS A VERB GAY IS.OTHER COMPARISONS: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?FEMALE VS GAYMALE

” was asked; the participants rpond based on a seven-pot sle: 1 = exclively heterosexual, 2 = predomantly heterosexual, 3 = rather heterosexual, 4 = bisexual, 5 = rather homosexual, 6 = predomantly homosexual, and 7 = exclively homosexual. Overall, the 989 pre-service teachers’ ratgs dited that the pre-service teachers have posive attus toward homo- and bisexual children and adolcents at school, which were signifintly more posive than the theoretil mean of 50 (p <. The feelg thermometer sr were terrelated, suggtg that people wh homonegative attus toward lbian and gay stunts also display begative attus toward bisexual stunts; siarly, people wh posive attus toward lbian stunts tend to display posive feelgs toward gay and bisexual stunts as well.

TEACHER ATTUS TOWARD LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL STUNTS: EVINCE FOR TERGROUP NTACT THEORY AND SENDARY TRANSFER EFFECTS

Means, standard viatns, and rrelatn matrix of all variabl Study 1 Full size tableTable 3 Mean (and standard viatn) of lbian, gay, and bisexual feelg thermometer sr by genr and mographic group Study 1Full size table2. 2 Regrsn rults: Ttg Intergroup Contact TheoryTable 4 prents the out of the multiple regrsn analysis nducted to exame predictors of pre-service teacher attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts.

Regrsn analysis: Predictors of lbian, gay, and bisexual thermometer sr Study 1Full size tableIn terms of mographic variabl, age was found to be negatively associated wh attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts, suggtg that the younger participants tend to have more posive feelgs than olr participants; th, Hypothis 2a was nfirmed.

4 Discsn of study 1In le wh attu theory (Eagly & Chaiken, 2007) and tergroup ntact theory (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006), the fdgs of Study 1 nfirm that social ntact and mographic variabl are important predictors of pre-service teacher attus toward homo- and bisexual children and adolcents at school. However, the approach ed to measure social ntact was a limatn of Study 1: The survey ems foced on ntact wh lbian, gay, or bisexual people but did not differentiate between separate ntact experienc wh each distct social group. This limatn was addrsed Study 2; the measur were refed, and three separate ems were ed stead of one aggregated em to vtigate the participants’ social ntact wh lbian, gay, and bisexual groups differentially.

AM I GAY?

Hypothis 1 assumed that, pared to pre-service teachers whout LGB ntact, pre-service teachers who have had no ntact wh lbian women would still show favorable attus toward lbian stunts if they had prr social ntact wh gay men or bisexual people. Hypothis 2 was that, pared to pre-service teachers whout LGB ntact, pre-service teachers who have had no ntact wh gay men would still show favorable attus toward gay stunts if they had prr social ntact wh lbian women or bisexual people. Fally, Hypothis 3 suggted that, pared to pre-service teachers whout LGB ntact, pre-service teachers who have had no ntact wh bisexual people would still show favorable attus toward bisexual stunts if they’ve had prr social ntact wh lbian women and gay men.

2 Intergroup ContactIn Study 2, pre-service teachers were asked to rpond to three ems each to dite whether they have (a) a lbian woman, gay man, or bisexual dividual their social work; (b) a close lbian, gay, or bisexual iend; or (c) a lbian, gay, or bisexual fay member. Specifilly, pre-service teachers were assigned the numeril 1 if they (a) had ntact wh lbian women or gay men but not wh bisexual people, (b) had ntact wh lbian women or bisexual people but not wh gay men, or (c) had ntact wh gay men or bisexual people but not wh lbian women. 4 Discsn of study 2In le wh the attu theory (Eagly & Chaiken, 2007) and sendary transfer effect of tergroup ntact (Pettigrew, 2009), the fdgs Study 2 revealed statistilly signifint sendary transfer effects wh rpect to attus toward lbian, gay, and bisexual stunts.

Compared to pre-service teachers whout any LGB ntact, pre-service teachers who had no ntact wh lbian women still showed favorable attus toward lbian stunts if they had prr social ntact wh gay men and bisexual people; their tergroup ntact was associated wh a sendary rctn of homonegative attus toward the nonntacted outgroup of lbians. Most importantly, the predictive assumptns of the tergroup ntact theory (Allport, 1954; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006) were nfirmed; specifilly, the prence of a lbian, gay, or bisexual dividual wh one’s social work or as a close iend was found to be posively associated wh attu sr, which is le wh prevly reported empiril rults (Bac et al., 2020; Simone et al., 2022; Foy & Hodge, 2016; Grigoropoulos, 2022; Klocke, prs; Reimer et al., 2017; Stucky et al., 2020; Zotti et al., 2019). In ntrast to Foy and Hodge (2016), however, havg a lbian, gay, or bisexual fay member was nonsignifintly associated wh teacher attus this study, which uld be due to a small number of participants (184 of 989 pre-service teachers) reportg LGB fay members.