Comment on this story</tle><path d="M14 14V2H2v9.47h8.18L12.43 13ZM3 10.52V3h10v9.23l-2.5-1.66Z"></path></svg></button><span aria-hidn="te" class="wpds-c-fBEbFG">Comment</span><span class="wpds-c-fOvfhP wpds-c-fOvfhP-kshkDy-isCommentType-te none" aria-hidn="te"><span class="ment-unt font-xxxxs sc-ral-unt"><span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="teaser-ntent grid-center"><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><i>Fd this story and others like our twice-weekly genr and inty newsletter. </i><a href=" target=_blank><i>Click here to sign up.</i></a></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">This month, K-12 classrooms across the untry, many stunts are learng a Black history curriculum that has long remaed <a href=" target="_blank">stagnant</a>.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Right now, they might be embarkg on the Unrground Railroad’s journey to eedom, <a href=" target="_blank">learng varyg terpretatns</a> about the central e of the Civil War, or revisg key events of the civil rights movement.</p></div></div><div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">For Domique Hazzard, a muny anizer and PhD ndidate history at Johns Hopks Universy, the lsons rg clear her md. Growg up Fort Washgton, Md., durg the 1990s, she rells Black History Month teachgs that often rehashed the achievements of semal figur like the Rev. Mart Luther Kg Jr. and Harriet Tubman.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">But as a young Black girl g to terms wh her queer inty, Hazzard, now 31, said would have been transformatnal to learn about change-makers who played a role both gay liberatn and the Black Freedom Movement.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">She might have learned nam like <a href=" target="_blank">Audre Lor</a>, a Black lbian poet and activist who dited her life and work to addrsg social jtic, and <a href=" target="_blank">Marsha P. Johnson</a>, a transgenr activist who was a proment figure of the 1969 Stonewall rts and the gay rights movement spired.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">The transgenr women at Stonewall were phed out of the gay rights movement. Now they are gettg a statue New York.</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“I didn’t learn anythg about the gay liberatn movement, Stonewall, any of that,“ Hazzard said. “And once I did, I thk took me years to realize that Black women, Black trans women, were at the foreont of creatg some of those chang.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Many the Black LGBTQ muny echo Hazzard’s sentiment: “I was really searchg for, my youth, ins, lears, thkers who lived at those tersectns like I did,” said Kaila Story, an associate profsor the partments of Pan-Ain studi and women’s, genr and sexualy studi at the Universy of Louisville. “People that were both Black and gay; people that were mted to queer liberatn as well as Black liberatn; people that saw those two thgs as nnected.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In a <a href=">2018 say</a> for the nonprof publisher Rethkg Schools, Hazzard challenged tors to “queer Black history” — a phrase she f, part, as reworkg and upendg teachgs to elevate Black LGBTQ stori.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“It starts wh regnizg that all Black histori matter,” Hazzard said, “and that clus the liv and ntributns of Black LGBTQ people.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Amid a rise both vlent and polil attacks agast<b> </b>LGBTQ people, activists say the stori are of growg importance. In recent years, activists say,<b> </b>Black trans aths have <a href=">creased</a>, a wave of <a href=" target="_blank">anti-LGBTQ legislatn</a> has swept the untry and renewed <a href=" target="_blank">book banng efforts</a> are primarily targetg tl about racial and sexual inty.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“Edutn is a pathway to margalized muni’ sense of empowerment bee plac wh a historil genealogy that whe supremacy says we’re not a part of,” said Story, who also -hosts the podst “<a href=">Strange F: Mgs on Polics, Pop Culture, and Black Gay Life</a>.” “Whe supremacy, as an ia, says that Black folks haven’t ntributed anythg, and pecially Black LGBT folks.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Today, people like Laverne Cox, Andrea Jenks, Phill Wilson and Chigo Mayor Lori E. Lightfoot are brgg creased visibily as openly LGBTQ, high-profile Black lears.<b> </b>Still, activists say teachgs <a href=" target="_blank">have fallen short </a> tg stunts about the historil Black LGBTQ figur who paved the way for the achievements.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">The long road to more accurate portrayals of Black LGBTQ people on televisn</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“It is an ethil impossibily to tell the story of Black liberatn stggl whout talkg about Black LGBTQ participatn, volvement and learship,” said C. Riley Snorton, a profsor of English and genr and sexualy studi at the Universy of Chigo.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In regnn of Black History Month, profsors and activists reflected on the seldom-told stori of Black LGBTQ trailblazers and their ntributns to Amerin history.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-EFABGA7FHJGCDE2ZOW7VIAHPVQ-0"><div id="list-headle-EFABGA7FHJGCDE2ZOW7VIAHPVQ-0" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Lucy Hicks Anrson (1886-1954)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Transgenr pneer for marriage equaly</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Before <a href=" target=_blank>Christe Jensen</a>, often regnized as Ameri’s first proment trans woman, there was Lucy Hicks Anrson. She preced Jensen’s notoriety when stori of her trans inty ma news the early 20th century, Snorton said,<b> </b>who wrote about Anrson and the erasure of Black transsexual narrativ the book <a href=" target=_blank>“Black on Both Sis: A Racial History of Trans Inty.”</a></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">After marryg a soldier Oxnard, Calif., 1944, lol thori disvered that Anrson was assigned male at birth and the uple was charged wh perjury. Takg a stand urt, Anrson <a href=" target=_blank>reportedly said</a>, “I fy any doctor the world to prove that I am not a woman. I have lived, drsed, acted jt like what I am, a woman.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Instead of prison time, Anrson and her hband were placed on 10 years of probatn. Anrson was<b> </b>also orred to rea om wearg cloth ma for women, acrdg to <a href=" target=_blank>the Amerin Civil Liberti Unn</a>. Years later, the uple was charged aga — this time for d after Anrson received feral money rerved for ary spo. Both went to prison and were banned om Oxnard upon release. The uple then moved to Los Angel, where Anrson lived for the remar of her life.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-6ONPRC7KLVAWHJGLRZAF77P42Y-1"><div id="list-headle-6ONPRC7KLVAWHJGLRZAF77P42Y-1" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Gladys Bentley (1907-1960)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Blu sger, pianist and drag kg pneer</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="gift-share-le" data-ttid="gift-share-le" class="PJLV PJLV-ilotWTr-css hi-for-prt"><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expand="false" aria-ntrols="gift-share-drawer" role="button" tabx="0" aria-label="Share this article" id="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-le" data-ttid="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-le" class="wpds-c-PJLV wpds-c-gsmDXe wpds-c-gsmDXe-goNocI-placement-Inle foc-highlight"><div data-ttid="gift-share-terstial-trigger" class="wpds-c-kPqOkS wpds-c-kPqOkS-jtSXsT-hasSubsText-false"><span class="wpds-c-hBJqc"><span class="wpds-c-dzSncg">Share this article</span></span><span class="wpds-c-eCvK"><span class="wpds-c-enedHQ wpds-c-enedHQ-cCdK-isShown-false">Share</span><svg xmlns=" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fBqPWp wpds-c-fDHGth"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 .6v3.8h.1c-4.4 0-7.3 4.5-6.9 8.8.1.8.2 1.2.2 1.2l.2 1 .4-1.3c.8-2 2-4 6.2-3.9H8v4l7-6.9L8 .6Zm1 11.3V9.3h-.9c-3 0-4.8.5-6.2 2.9.5-3.3 2.7-6.8 6.2-6.8H9V3l4.5 4.4L9 11.9Z"></path></svg></span></div></button></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Black arts and culture blossomed durg the Harlem Renaissance, but an <a href=">often overlooked</a> aspect of the era was s queer nightlife enclav and the fluence of Black lbian and transgenr blu. As a lbian blu sger, pianist and cross-drsg performer, Gladys Bentley was nsired “<a href=" target=_blank>Harlem’s most famo lbian</a>,” often sgg her own rnchy lyrics to popular tun and performg her signature top hat and tuxedo.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In the 1930s, Bentley headled at Harlem’s Ubangi Club, where she was backed up by a chos le of drag queens. “She also donned male artifice and attire and performed as a drag kg <a href=" target=_blank>Harry’s Clam Hoe</a> New York the 1920s,” Story said. “She was like, ldblood, the bt.” <a href=" target=_blank>Acrdg to the New York Tim</a>, Bentley was one of the bt-known Black entertaers the untry.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Toward the end of her life, Bentley married a man, nied that she was gay and exprsed regret for her drag performanc, Story said, “but that, to me, was no doubt om the ensug prsure of homophobia and all of those thgs.”</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-HD4MU7BW3JBDROBT4MOKH466W4-2"><div id="list-headle-HD4MU7BW3JBDROBT4MOKH466W4-2" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Bayard Rt (1912-1987)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Gay civil rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Bayard Rt is regnized as one of the <a href=" target=_blank>key lears</a> of the civil rights movement. He advised Kg on nonvlent tactics, helped plan the Montgomery, Ala., b boytt and was a chief anizer of the 1963 March on Washgton. But as an openly gay man, Rt faced discrimatn of his own while fightg for the rights of others.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">In January 1953, he was arrted on a “morals charge” after police officers ught him engaged wh two other men a parked r Pasana, Calif. The nvictn, which was often <a href=" target=_blank>ed to target gay people</a>, forced Rt to register as a sex offenr and nearly railed his reer as a civil rights activist.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">“He was a proment gay man durg the civil rights movement when there was no space to talk about lbian and gay issu,” said Karsonya Whehead, an associate profsor of munitn and Ain and Ain Amerin Studi at Loyola Universy Maryland.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">For years, Rt’s arrt siled him the civil rights movement. He stggled to fd work and was phed out of Kg’s ner circle. Then, 1963, Rt’s longtime mentor appoted him as a key anizer of the March on Washgton. Followg the succs of the march, Rt ntued to advote for civil rights, and he brought the AIDS crisis to the NAACP’s attentn an effort to enurage others to <a href=" target=_blank>“e out” and live their tths</a>.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-PNHGQ4OQY5GE3PFYGNFTGQEFFQ-3"><div id="list-headle-PNHGQ4OQY5GE3PFYGNFTGQEFFQ-3" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Pli Murray (1910-1985)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Lawyer, scholar and women’s rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Lawyer and activist Pli Murray is wily creded for <a href=" target=_blank>buildg the legal ameworks</a> that paved the way for the civil rights and women’s rights movements. Both of the late Supreme Court Jtic<b> </b>Ruth Bar Gsburg and Thurgood Marshall said they were fluenced by Murray’s arguments on race and genr. In particular, Marshall hailed Murray’s 700-page summary of racism state law as<a href=" target=_blank> “the bible” of <i>Brown v. Board of Edutn.</i></a><i> </i>And Murray was also nsired <a href=" target=_blank>stmental argug</a> for the 14th Amendment’s equal protectn clse, which stated discrimatn based on sex is unnstutnal.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Murray was an “archect of civil rights legislatn and civil rights victori who was queer,” Hazzard said, “and if she was alive to day, might even intify as transgenr.” Acrdg to <a href=" target=_blank>the Pli Murray Center for History and Social Jtice</a>, Murray self-scribed as a “he/she personaly” earlier life and also attempted to receive genr-affirmg health re, cludg hormone therapy, but was repeatedly nied.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p><span class="wpds-c-gnhuPA wpds-c-gnhuPA-hqeSyH-variant-terstial wpds-c-gnhuPA-iPJLV-css hi-for-prt"><a data-qa="terstial-lk" href=">Pli Murray applied to be a Supreme Court jtice 1971. 50 years later, a Black woman uld make history.</a></span></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body grid-tablet-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div data-qa="article-image" class="hi-for-prt"><div style="m-height:358px"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div id="listicle-rd-VO2ZRLJCQFCF5NTTO3LTEYR544-4"><div id="list-headle-VO2ZRLJCQFCF5NTTO3LTEYR544-4" tabx="0" class="wpds-c-jKHtLo"><div></div><h3 class="wpds-c-eKlvKd listicle-headle" data-qa="list-headle">Miss Major Griff-Gracy (1940-prent)</h3></div><a href="#sendary-nav" class="skip-lk sr-only sr-only-focable black unrle brad-md pa-lg mb-xs borr-box font-sans-serif font-bold">Return to menu</a><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null"><b>Transgenr rights activist</b></p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Throughout her lifetime, transgenr activist Miss Major Griff-Gracy has stood at the foreont of a wi range of — many of which were spired by <a href=" target=_blank>her own personal challeng</a>. Early her life, she said, she experienced homelsns, rceratn and engaged sex work to survive.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">Griff-Gracy is also nsired <a href=" target=_blank>a proment figure</a> the Stonewall rts. She was prent the night police raid the Stonewall Inn on June 27, 1969, New York, which prompted the monstratns, and was reportedly stck on the head by police and taken to ctody. While prison, an officer broke her jaw, she later said.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb dn db-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-sktop"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-none pt-lg pb-lg" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"><div>Advertisement</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-full-bleed" data-qa="article-body"><div class="cb db dn-ns" data-qa="article-body-ad" data-ttid="article-body-ad-mobile"><div aria-hidn="te" class="hi-for-prt relative flex jtify-center ntent-box ems-center b bh mb-md mt-sm pt-sm pb-sm" style="m-height:250px;borr-top-lor:;borr-bottom-lor:"><div class="center absolute w-100 borr-box" style="top:"><div class="dib gray-dark pl-xs pr-xs font-sans-serif light font-xxxxs lh-md" style="--primary-borr-lor:"></div></div><div data-ttid="placeholr-box" class="w-100 h-100 absolute flex flex-lumn jtify-center borr-box bg-offwhe" style="width:300px;height:250px"><div class="flex flex-lumn jtify-center font-sans-serif center font-xxs light gray-dark lh-md"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">After the rts, Griff-Gracy foced her efforts on workg wh trans women who were rcerated, homels or battlg addictn. ”Her work has been about specifilly upliftg Black trans women,” Story said, “and really givg them teachg tools around how to al wh rceratn, police btaly.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><p data-ttid="drop-p-letter" data-el="text" class="wpds-c-cYdRxM wpds-c-cYdRxM-iPJLV-css overriStyl font-py" dir="null">When the HIV/AIDS epimic stck the 1980s, Griff-Gracy also <a href=" target=_blank>provid direct health-re servic</a>. Now 81, she ns <a href=" target=_blank>a retreat center</a> for trans and genr-nonnformg Southern lears. “She’s a piece of livg history that I thk, even Black LGBT spac, a lot of folks don’t seem to talk about her and how foundatnal she was as much,” Story said.</p></div><div class="article-body grid-center grid-body" data-qa="article-body"><div class="wpds-c-VkPmP hi-for-prt"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grid-center grid-body"><div class="wpds-c-jjHkyS wpds-c-jjHkyS-icEohIP-css hi-for-prt"><div data-qa="ntent" class="wpds-c-dgPYWO wpds-c-dgPYWO-iPJLV-css"><h3 data-qa="lkbox-headle" class="wpds-c-jtAZFm">Fd our genr and inty verage here</h3><p class="wpds-c-eynqHn">Read the latt stori on <a href=" target=_blank>our genr and inty page</a>.</p><p class="wpds-c-eynqHn">Also be sure to <a href=" target=_blank>sign up for our ee newsletter</a> and <a href=" target=_blank>follow on Instagram</a>.</p></div><div class="wpds-c-eZxssT"></div></div></div><div class="wpds-c-dhzjXW wpds-c-dhzjXW-iPJLV-css mt-md grid-center grid-body"><div id="gift-share-end" data-ttid="gift-share-end" class="PJLV PJLV-idiqKOk-css hi-for-prt"><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expand="false" aria-ntrols="gift-share-drawer" role="button" tabx="0" aria-label="Share this article" id="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-end" data-ttid="gift-share-drawer-ntrol-end" class="wpds-c-PJLV wpds-c-gsmDXe wpds-c-gsmDXe-iIVoLq-placement-Shortcut foc-highlight"><div class="wpds-c-UazGY" id="gift-share-shortcut" data-ttid="gift-share-shortcut"><svg xmlns=" fill="var(--wpds-lors-primary)" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fVfumU "><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 .6v3.8h.1c-4.4 0-7.3 4.5-6.9 8.8.1.8.2 1.2.2 1.2l.2 1 .4-1.3c.8-2 2-4 6.2-3.9H8v4l7-6.9L8 .6Zm1 11.3V9.3h-.9c-3 0-4.8.5-6.2 2.9.5-3.3 2.7-6.8 6.2-6.8H9V3l4.5 4.4L9 11.9Z"></path></svg><div class="PJLV wpds-c-kwcHlj">Share</div></div></button></div><div class="wpds-c-hcekgi"><div class="mb-lg-mod" data-qa="ments-btn-div"><button aria-label="Scroll to the ments sectn" data-qa="ments-btn" class="wpds-c-kSOqLF wpds-c-kSOqLF-SQjOY-variant-sendary wpds-c-kSOqLF-eHdizY-nsy-flt wpds-c-kSOqLF-ejCoEP-in-left wpds-c-kSOqLF-igqYgPb-css ments hi-for-prt"><svg xmlns=" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidn="te" focable="false" role="img" class="wpds-c-fBqPWp "><path d="M14 14V2H2v9.47h8.18L12.43 13ZM3 10.52V3h10v9.23l-2.5-1.66Z"></path></svg><span></span> Comments</button></div></div></div><div class="grid-center grid-body"><div></div></div></ma></div><div class="grid-center grid-mobile-full-bleed"><div class="hi-for-prt ml-to mr-to mt-md pt-lg recirc" data-qa="recirc"><div class="flex-l jtify-center hi-for-prt"><div class="pr-sm ml-sm ml-0-ns b-l br-l bc-gray-darkt more-om-post"><div></div><div class="dn db-l pb-md pt-md"><div data-qa="newsletter" class="hi-for-prt relative"><div class="dib w-100"><div><div class="flex jtify-center align self-center center transn-all duratn-400 ease--out" data-qa="sc-newsletter-signup" aria-label=""><svg aria-labelledby="react-aria-1-aria" role="img" viewBox="0 0 100 80"><tle id="react-aria-1-aria">Loadg...

pioneer gay

Martha Shelley, who anized the first prott march New York Cy after the 1969 Stonewall Rt and helped found the history-changg Gay Liberatn Front, is g to Port Townsend for an …

Contents:

GAY PNEERS

Steve Bull once raced agast time to try to save the memoirs of one of Mae's gay rights pneers. His trip led him down memory lane. * pioneer gay *

He died the followg year, but his extensive activism clud fightg for the passage of New York’s gay rights bill and urgg the NAACP to acknowledge the AIDS ncept of “lbian rights” was virtually nonexistent buttoned-up 1950s Ameri. But perhaps the greatt legacy she left behd is the Amerin Library Associatn’s biblgraphy of lerature about gays and lbians, one of the first llectns of s sprg 1980, Aaron Fricke looked forward to attendg prom wh the rt of his classmat at Cumberland High Rho Island.

9 PNEERS OF THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT YOU NEED TO KNOW (BUT PROBABLY DON'T)

New Journalism pneer Gay is a crossword puzzle clue * pioneer gay *

In 1992, she joed other activists a lawsu challengg a Colorado amendment that banned extendg civil rights protectns to gay Milk wh a mpaign poster. / John Phillips/GettyImagThe Stonewall Rts of 1969, which a late-night police raid of a New York Cy gay bar evolved to a fiant prott by patrons, is largely seen as the drivg event behd the morn LGBTQ rights movement.

/ Getty / Mark Wilson / StaffLeonard Matlovich wasn’t the first gay man to serve the ary, but he may have been the first to e out on such a public platform. An terview wh The New York Tim soon followed, and then a famo appearance on the ver of TIME magaze that displayed his portra above the words I Am a Homosexual. ”Even after the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn classified homosexualy as an illns 1973, the stigma persisted the medil muny; gay patients were often approached as sick dividuals who need to be cured.

Richard Isay was one of the first proment psychiatrists/psychoanalysts to enurage his gay patients to accept themselv rather than ny their feelgs. Gay Pneers braids archival footage om the semal monstratns; FBI vtigative fil obtaed unr the Freedom of Informatn Act; gay pneer terviews about the homophobia of that era, the protol for the monstratns and how those monstratns impacted the movement and Barbara Gtgs, Frank Kameny and Lilli Vcenz on-mera 2004 discsg same-sex marriage.

LGBTQ HISTORY MONTH: EARLY PNEERS OF THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

What Is the Grass thor Mark Doty and Pulzer Prize wner Jericho Brown discs the gay poet's legacy. * pioneer gay *

Showg at a meetg of a stunt club (monly known as a Gay-Straight Alliance, or GSA), and leadg a discsn afterward (you n e some of the qutns this gui to help you do so). McCarthyism: Named for Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-Wisns), a perd the early 1950s when the ernment sought to expose Communists, LGBT people and other polil dissints (often intified as homosexual) om Amerin public life. Annual Remr: An annual picket march outsi Inpennce Hall Philalphia 1965-69 to “remd” Amerins that homosexuals were entled to equal treatment like all other cizens.

When Dwight Eisenhower beme Print 1953, he issued Executive Orr 10450, which ma homosexualy grounds for nyg or dismissg persons om feral employment. Dpe this climate, emergg homophile groups like the Mattache Society advoted for the equal treatment of gays and lbians, but due to the threats they faced, tend to be nservative their tactics. This strategy, though effective, tend to exclu people who didn’t f the “norm” that the homophile movement wanted to emphasize—that is, LGBT people of lor, low-e people, and those nsired “genr viants.

RACG TO PRERVE THE HISTORY OF MAE’S 1ST GAY RIGHTS ANIZATN

He gave up a dance reer to create a crossover, and now classic, h film 1971 that had both gay and straight dienc, and celebri, lg up to see . * pioneer gay *

The civil rights, black power, anti-war, and women’s movements of the mid- to late- 1960s, however, greatly spired younger gays and lbians to move to a more radil, ant stance.

IN A NEIGHBORHOOD THAT ONCE SHUNNED HIM, A BOSTON GAY RIGHTS PNEER FALLY GETS HIS MOMENT

* pioneer gay *

A new era had begun, one which lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr people uld mand to be acrd equal rights, and one which might not have happened were not for the early activists who staged the protts documented Gay Pneers. Zefart via Getty ImagMagn HirschfeldBorn 1868 what is now Poland, sexologist Hirschfeld is often nsired the "Este of Sex" and was an outspoken advote for gay and transgenr rights. Via Getty ImagBayard RtRt, an openly gay civil rights activist and adviser to Mart Luther Kg Jr., is bt remembered as the chief anizer of the 1963 March on Washgton.

PATRICK HAGGERTY, ‘LOST PNEER’ OF GAY COUNTRY MIC, DI AT 78

Gay lover to Xargon." name="Dcriptn" property="og:scriptn * pioneer gay *

Via Getty ImagChristopher IsherwoodBorn 1904 Manchter, England, Isherwood was an openly gay novelist and wrer known for myriad works cludg A Sgle Man, which later beme a movie starg Col Firth and Julianne Moore.

MEET PNEER OF GAY RIGHTS, HARRY HAY

Chris Felver via Getty ImagJohn FryerAt the 1972 nventn of the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, when homosexualy was still nsired a mental illns, Dr. WIKIMEDIA COMMONSTroy PerryReverend Perry found the Metropolan Communy Church 1968 as a reactn to his experience wh discrimatn om the relig muny bee of his homosexualy. Stream anytime on Go90, Verizon's mobile social entertament work, and listen to our bt terviews on on HuffPost:Gay Pri Around The World Popular the CommunyYou May Like.

S., San Francis Kameny and a prisoner Tob / New York Public LibraryFrank Kameny — One of the earlit gay rights activists, Kameny is known today for prottg after beg fired om a U. Barbara Gtgs and Dick Lesch talkgKay Tob / New York Public LibraryDick Lesch — Lesch was print the Mattache Society, one of the first "homophile" anizatns the U.

She and Frank Kameny worked together to list homosexualy as a mental disorr, which the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn approved Shelley sells the Gay Liberatn Front paper durg a Weste Hall monstratn New York Davi / New York Public LibraryMartha Shelley — One of the first members of the Gay Liberatn Front, Shelley is one of the bt-known lbian activists Ameri. The name "Shelley" was an alias taken to avoid beg intified FBI surveillance of the Dghters of Mae Brown, Lavenr Menace T-shirt, at the Lavenr Menace Actn, May Davi/NYPLRa Mae Brown — A lbian activist and femist active startg the 1970s, Brown was a member of the Gay Liberatn Front, Lavenr Menace, and joed a lbian mune Washgton, D. NYPL has the archiv of pivotal anizatns, such as the Mattache Society of New York and the Gay Activists Alliance; the papers of pneerg activists like Barbara Gtgs; and vast holdgs LGBTQ pop culture.

WAKEFIELD POOLE, PNEER GAY PORNOGRAPHY, DI AT 85

Baker also served as a spy for the French durg World War II, passg along secrets she heard while performg for German Herich Ulrichs Ulrichs is regard by some as the pneer of the morn gay movement and the first person to publicly “e out. ” In fact, Volkmar Sigch, a leadg German scholar sexual science, scribed him as “the most cisive and fluential pneer of homosexual emancipatn … world history.

He wrote pamphlets about beg gay Germany and, Augt 29, 1867, Ulrichs spoke Munich at the Congrs of Jurists to mand legal equal rights for all sexuali.

A SEND ACT FOR THE DOUBLE HEAR, THE PNEER SQUARE GAY BAR THAT LNCHED A THOAND STORI

Cárnas helped start the stggle agast gay prejudice Mexi and fought for equal rights for everyone, no matter their NkoliSimon Nkoli is seen by many as the central hero of the gay and lbian stggle South Ai. Five years later, Nkoli clared his HIV posive stat and began workg to stigmatize HIV/ NasimIfti Nasim was a gay Pakistani poet who moved to the Uned Stat to avoid persecutn for his sexualy. He was a -founr of the Mattache Society, the first staed gay rights group the Uned Stat, as well as the Radil Faeri, a loosely affiliated gay spirual movement.

It was found by yet another munist, David Thorstad, oime print of New York’s Gay Activists Alliance and member of the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party. As Timmons noted his bgraphy of Hay, the faery men gave themselv var neo-pagan nam nnected to Mother Earth and their view of Native-Amerin spirualy, ated wh a heapg top of gayns.

JAGUARS’ KEV MAXEN IS FIRST MALE ACH TO E OUT AS GAY US MEN’S PRO SPORTS

“It is unclear who first ed the term two-spir  English, ” stat Wikipedia, notg “the volvement of non-Native Will Rose who, like his also non-Native mentor Harry Hay, is volved the hippie/unterculture gay men’s group, the Radil Faeri, a ‘non-Native muny that emulat Native spirualy’ and engag other forms of cultural appropriatn. Bull and Hasks helped found the groundbreakg stunt group at the Universy of Mae 1973 — then held the first Mae Gay Symposium 1974, which jump-started Mae’s LGBTQ+ rights stggle, lnchg much further ahead toward jtice than most other stat. A photographic ntact sheet showg Steven Bull speakg at the first gay symposium put on by the Wild Ste Club at the Universy pf Mae 1974, is part of Bull’s papers hoed the Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversy’s LGBTQ+ llectn at the Universy of Southern Mae.

LAKE BLUFF NSIRS FLYG GAY PRI FLAG ON VILLAGE FLAGPOLE; ‘WE N SEND THE RIGHT MSAGE, THAT WE ARE AN ACCEPTG ... MUNY’

A week before the Universy of Mae board of tste was to ci Wil Ste’s fate January 1974, the club issued a prs release about s tentn to hold the first Mae Gay Symposium April.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* PIONEER GAY

Meet the Gay Pneer of ‘Two-Spir’ - The Amerin Spectator | USA News and Polics .

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