Gay Marriage Around the World | Pew Rearch Center

Contents:

• CONGRS NSIRS DIFYG SAME-SEX MARRIAGE AFTER LONG BATTLE FOR GAY RIGHTS
• GAY MARRIAGE
• “PROGRS!” THE WORLD’S FIRST THREE-WAY GAY MARRIAGE
• HISTORY, PROGRS, AND THE FATE OF GAY MARRIAGE
• GAY RIGHTS

CONGRS NSIRS DIFYG SAME-SEX MARRIAGE AFTER LONG BATTLE FOR GAY RIGHTS

Eskridge — who has another book on marriage equaly lled “From Outlaws to In-Laws” g out Augt — noted that although Congrs once labeled homosexual people as “sexual psychopaths, ” recent years, “space has been ma Amerin polil and social culture for people who who do not follow majory approach to sexual orientatn or genr inty.

Televisn and the Wng of Same-Sex Marriage, ” spoke about the lims of the Obergefell cisn a recent terview: “When talkg about many of the bigger, practil fancial issu that marriage helps, same-sex marriage has really only benefed cisgenr whe lbians and gay men who already had some upward mobily, ” he noted. "It both reflects and accelerat the profound transformatn of hearts and mds, as well as law and polics, around the treatment of gay people, " says gay rights advote Evan Wolfson who found the anizatn Freedom to Marry. ”The Supreme Court extend workplace protectns natnwi last week for the LGBTQ muny, lg 6-3 that a landmark civil rights law barrg sex discrimatn the workplace appli to gay, lbian and transgenr the urt's majory, led by nservative Associate Jtice Neil Gorsuch, did not close the door on relig exemptns, sayg "other employers other s may raise ee exercise arguments that mer reful nsiratn.

"'The air was electric'The high urt's 5-4 cisn that stat nnot ny marriage rights to gay men and lbians was hand down on June 26 – the same date as earlier landmark LGBTQ lgs agast state sodomy laws 2003 and the feral Defense of Marriage Act 2013. "Lookg back, the victory is equally gratifyg to those like Evan Wolfson, founr of the Freedom to Marry mpaign; Jam Esseks, director of the Amerin Civil Liberti Unn's Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr & HIV Project; Roberta Kaplan, who reprented Edie Wdsor of New York the 2013 se that forced the feral ernment to regnize same-sex marriage; and Mary Bonto, the natn's leadg LGBTQ rights lawyer, who won both the Massachetts se 2003 and the Supreme Court se 2015. Early Years: Same-Sex Marriage Bans In 1970, jt one year after the historic Stonewall Rts that galvanized the gay rights movement, law stunt Richard Baker and librarian Jam McConnell applied for a marriage license Gerald Nelson rejected their applitn bee they were a same-sex uple, and a trial urt upheld his cisn.

GAY MARRIAGE

” This lg effectively blocked feral urts om lg on same-sex marriage for s, leavg the cisn solely the hands of stat, which alt blow after blow to those hopg to see gay marriage beg 1973, for stance, Maryland beme the first state to create a law that explicly f marriage as a unn between a man and woman, a belief held by many nservative relig groups.

Though the gay rights movement saw some advancements the 1970s and 1980s—such as Harvey Milk beg the first openly gay man elected to public office the untry 1977—the fight for gay marriage ma ltle headway for many years. In 1989, the San Francis Board of Supervisors passed an ordance that allowed homosexual upl and unmarried heterosexual upl to register for domtic partnerships, which granted hospal visatn rights and other years later, the District of Columbia siarly passed a new law that allowed same-sex upl to register as domtic partners.

“PROGRS!” THE WORLD’S FIRST THREE-WAY GAY MARRIAGE

C., 1993, the hight urt Hawaii led that a ban on same-sex marriage may vlate that state nstutn’s Equal Protectn Clse—the first time a state urt has ever ched toward makg gay marriage Hawaii Supreme Court sent the se—brought by a gay male uple and two lbian upl who were nied marriage licens 1990—back for further review to the lower First Circu Court, which 1991 origally dismissed the the state tried to prove that there was “pellg state tert” jtifyg the ban, the se would be tied up ligatn for the next three Defense of Marriage Act Opponents of gay marriage, however, did not s on their hnch. That is, even if a state ma gay marriage legal, same-sex upl still wouldn’t be able to file e tax jotly, sponsor spo for immigratn benefs or receive spoal Social Secury payments, among many other act was a huge setback for the marriage equaly movement, but transient good news arose three months later: Hawaii Judge Kev S.

Phg for Change: Civil Unns The next saw a whirlwd of activy on the gay marriage ont, begng wh the year 2000 when Vermont beme the first state to legalize civil unns, a legal stat that provis most of the state-level benefs of years later, Massachetts beme the first state to legalize gay marriage when the Massachetts Supreme Court led that same-sex upl had the right to marry Goodridge v. Kansas and Texas were next 2005, and 2006 saw seven more stat passg Constutnal amendments agast gay towards the end of the , gay marriage beme legal var stat, cludg Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont (the first state to approve by legislative means) and New Hampshire.

HISTORY, PROGRS, AND THE FATE OF GAY MARRIAGE

Domtic Partnerships Throughout the and the begng of the next, California equently ma headl for seawg on the gay marriage state was the first to pass a domtic partnership statute 1999, and legislators tried to pass a same-sex marriage bill 2005 and 2007. For the first time the untry’s history, voters (rather than judg or legislators) Mae, Maryland, and Washgton approved Constutnal amendments permtg same-sex marriage marriage also beme a feral issue 2010, Massachetts, the first state to legalize gay marriage, found Sectn 3 of DOMA—the part of the 1996 law that fed marriage as a unn between one man and one woman—to be unnstutnal. Wdsor, nservative Jtice Anthony Kennedy sid wh Jtic Ruth Bar Gsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan favor of same-sex marriage rights, ultimately makg gay marriage legal across the natn June this time, was still outlawed only 13 stat, and more than 20 other untri had already legalized gay marriage, startg wh the Netherlands December 2000.

The term “homosexualy, ” while sometim nsired anachronistic the current era, is the most applible and easily translatable term to e when askg this qutn across societi and languag and has been ed other cross-natnal studi, cludg the World Valu Survey. Dpe major chang laws and norms surroundg the issue of same-sex marriage and the rights of LGBT people around the world, public opn on the acceptance of homosexualy society remas sharply divid by untry, regn and enomic velopment. And Poland, supporters of the erng PiS (Law and Jtice), which has explicly targeted gay rights as anathema to tradnal Polish valu, are 23 percentage pots ls likely to say that homosexualy should be accepted by society than those who do not support the erng party.

GAY RIGHTS

But even untri like France and Germany where acceptance of homosexualy is high, there are differenc between supporters and non-supporters of key right-wg populist parti such as Natnal Rally France and Alternative for Germany (AfD). In 25 of the 34 untri surveyed, those who say relign is “somewhat, ” “not too” or “not at all” important their liv are more likely to say that homosexualy should be accepted than those who say relign is “very” important.

Transgenr young people take a particularly hard-h: Fourteen stat are weighg bills excludg transgenr stunts om sports, and 11 have floated legislatn that bans medil re for transgenr mors, some even makg treatment a at least 14 stat have three or more anti-LGBTQ bills on the laws help notch progrs  FloridaNade Smh liv Florida, where “Ana Bryant put on the map the worst possible way” the 1970s wh her anti-gay Smh, the CEO and -founr of civil rights group Equaly Florida, has seen a slow transformatn the state recent years, maly bee ci and unti have moved the marker – much more so than the 2010, Florida was ranked a “negative” equaly state by MAP.

Tangible evince of cultural progrs — a giant beer maker partnerg wh a transgenr fluencer, for example — is now often met wh fire and brimstone om right-wg fact, new rearch found that the recent effort to roll back gas for gay and trans Amerins spiked durg Pri celebratns, cludg "blue" stat such as California, which was home to a full 1 5 of the anti-LGBTQ+ monstratns last month, acrdg to the Armed Conflict Lotn and Event Data Project. Such actns were rerd 26 stat and the District of Columbia, but were ncentrated Texas, New York, and California, wh jt unr 20% of rerd anti-LGBTQ+ events takg place the Goln fdg after ACLED prevly reported a more than 300% crease anti-LGBTQ+ actns by far-right extremists 2022, pared to the year before, which said "strongly" rrelat wh ensug acts of vlence agast people who are perceived as gay or also rrelat wh a legislative ph to roll back gas for the LGBTQ+ muny, Sophie Bjork-Jam, an assistant profsor at Vanrbilt Universy wh a foc on the relig right and whe natnalism, told Insir. "Former Print Donald Tmp — who once boasted about a transgenr performer takg part his Miss Ameri ntt — has monstrated that many whe evangelils are willg to overlook personaly flaws and other disagreements, and vice versa, if means achievg polil power and victori the culture 's 2016 mpaign helped fe such alns, wh far-right groups themselv explog issu of sex and genr — topics ripe for magoguery — to rec new members and make roads wh more mastream negative reactn to the creased acceptance of LGBTQ+ people, ma pecially visible by rporatns such as Target celebratg Pri Month, self risks a backlash, however: Most Amerins support gay marriage, for example, and many are likely unfortable wh imag of armed vigilant cidg for themselv who n read books at a library.