Gay Marriage - DOMA, 14th Amendment & Supreme Court | HISTORY

Contents:

• GAY MARRIAGE
• GAY MARRIAG TAKE PLACE IN HAWAII AS NEW LAW TAK HOLD
• CIVIL UNNS AND GAY MARRIAG HAWAII
• HAWAII BE 15TH U.S. STATE TO LEGALIZE GAY MARRIAGE
• IN HAWAII, STEP TOWARD LEGALIZED GAY MARRIAGE
• HAWAII JUDGE ENDS GAY-MARRIAGE BAN
• GAY MARRIAGE BATTLE NEARS END HAWAII, THE FIRST FRONT LE
• GAY MARRIAGE STATE BY STATE: FROM A FEW STAT TO THE WHOLE NATN

GAY MARRIAGE

Early Years: Same-Sex Marriage Bans In 1970, jt one year after the historic Stonewall Rts that galvanized the gay rights movement, law stunt Richard Baker and librarian Jam McConnell applied for a marriage license Gerald Nelson rejected their applitn bee they were a same-sex uple, and a trial urt upheld his cisn. ” This lg effectively blocked feral urts om lg on same-sex marriage for s, leavg the cisn solely the hands of stat, which alt blow after blow to those hopg to see gay marriage beg 1973, for stance, Maryland beme the first state to create a law that explicly f marriage as a unn between a man and woman, a belief held by many nservative relig groups.

GAY MARRIAG TAKE PLACE IN HAWAII AS NEW LAW TAK HOLD

Though the gay rights movement saw some advancements the 1970s and 1980s—such as Harvey Milk beg the first openly gay man elected to public office the untry 1977—the fight for gay marriage ma ltle headway for many years. In 1989, the San Francis Board of Supervisors passed an ordance that allowed homosexual upl and unmarried heterosexual upl to register for domtic partnerships, which granted hospal visatn rights and other years later, the District of Columbia siarly passed a new law that allowed same-sex upl to register as domtic partners.

CIVIL UNNS AND GAY MARRIAG HAWAII

C., 1993, the hight urt Hawaii led that a ban on same-sex marriage may vlate that state nstutn’s Equal Protectn Clse—the first time a state urt has ever ched toward makg gay marriage Hawaii Supreme Court sent the se—brought by a gay male uple and two lbian upl who were nied marriage licens 1990—back for further review to the lower First Circu Court, which 1991 origally dismissed the the state tried to prove that there was “pellg state tert” jtifyg the ban, the se would be tied up ligatn for the next three Defense of Marriage Act Opponents of gay marriage, however, did not s on their hnch. Congrs 1996 passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which Print Bill Clton signed to didn’t ban gay marriage outright but specified that only heterosexual upl uld be granted feral marriage benefs. That is, even if a state ma gay marriage legal, same-sex upl still wouldn’t be able to file e tax jotly, sponsor spo for immigratn benefs or receive spoal Social Secury payments, among many other act was a huge setback for the marriage equaly movement, but transient good news arose three months later: Hawaii Judge Kev S.

HAWAII BE 15TH U.S. STATE TO LEGALIZE GAY MARRIAGE

Phg for Change: Civil Unns The next saw a whirlwd of activy on the gay marriage ont, begng wh the year 2000 when Vermont beme the first state to legalize civil unns, a legal stat that provis most of the state-level benefs of years later, Massachetts beme the first state to legalize gay marriage when the Massachetts Supreme Court led that same-sex upl had the right to marry Goodridge v.

2004 was notable for upl many other stat as well, though for the oppose reason: Ten typilly nservative stat, along wh Oregon, enacted state-level bans on gay marriage. Kansas and Texas were next 2005, and 2006 saw seven more stat passg Constutnal amendments agast gay towards the end of the , gay marriage beme legal var stat, cludg Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont (the first state to approve by legislative means) and New Hampshire.

Domtic Partnerships Throughout the and the begng of the next, California equently ma headl for seawg on the gay marriage state was the first to pass a domtic partnership statute 1999, and legislators tried to pass a same-sex marriage bill 2005 and 2007.

IN HAWAII, STEP TOWARD LEGALIZED GAY MARRIAGE

For the first time the untry’s history, voters (rather than judg or legislators) Mae, Maryland, and Washgton approved Constutnal amendments permtg same-sex marriage marriage also beme a feral issue 2010, Massachetts, the first state to legalize gay marriage, found Sectn 3 of DOMA—the part of the 1996 law that fed marriage as a unn between one man and one woman—to be unnstutnal. Wdsor, nservative Jtice Anthony Kennedy sid wh Jtic Ruth Bar Gsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan favor of same-sex marriage rights, ultimately makg gay marriage legal across the natn June this time, was still outlawed only 13 stat, and more than 20 other untri had already legalized gay marriage, startg wh the Netherlands December 2000. Saralyn Moral (center left) and Isajah Moral walk down the aisle at the Sheraton Waikiki Honolulu shortly after Hawaii's new gay marriage law took effect Monday.

HONOLULU (Rters) - Hawaii’s ernor signed to law on Wednday a bill extendg marriage rights to same-sex upl, ppg 20 years of legal and polil ranr a state regard as a pneer advancg the e of gay matrimony.

Abercrombie said that spe misgivgs by opponents who felt their relig beliefs were ged, the measure served the “greater good” by more fully embracg gay and lbian members of society, who had long felt margalized.

HAWAII JUDGE ENDS GAY-MARRIAGE BAN

“Now all those who have been visible will be visible to themselv and the world, ” the ernor said before stg down at a table si an dorium of the Honolulu Conventn Center near the cy’s beachont Waikiki area to sign the bill, as supporters epted measure gaed fal approval om the Democrat-ntrolled state legislature on Tuday, 15 days after the start of a special ssn lled by Abercrombie, a first-term Democrat and former ngrsman, to nsir the a week before Hawaii lawmakers approved same-sex marriage, Illois’ General Assembly gave fal approval to a gay marriage bill, but Illois Governor Pat Qun is not expected to sign that measure until later this ROADThe path to legal gay marriage Hawaii, long a popular weddg and honeymoon statn, has been long and state Supreme Court led 1993 that barrg same-sex marriage was discrimatory, a landmark opn that spurred the gay rights movement natnwi but sparked a backlash that until now kept matrimony rtricted to heterosexual upl regnizg the legal tone of that 1993 cisn, Abercrombie hand the pen he ed to sign Wednday’s bill to former state Supreme Court Jtice Steven Levson, who wrote the opn the se known as Baehr vs.

Cisn was later tmped by enactment of a 1994 statutory ban on gay nuptials, followed by a voter-approved state nstutnal amendment rervg for the legislature the power to fe the stutn of latt reversal by Hawaii lawmakers at a time of creasg momentum for gay marriage the urts, at the ballot box and stateho across the Uned trend has gaed steam sce the U. Slom joed three Democrats opposg the Hoe of Reprentativ passed the legislatn last Friday, 30-19, wh a package of amendments aimed at better addrsg relig bill explicly exempts clergy om havg to perform gay weddgs if dog so would nflict wh their relig beliefs.

GAY MARRIAGE BATTLE NEARS END HAWAII, THE FIRST FRONT LE

A year ago, only six stat and the District of Columbia regnized gay marriage, but the number has sce more than doubled, due most s to ligatn over the stat - Mae, Maryland and Washgton - beme the first to extend marriage rights to same-sex upl by popular vote wh passage of ballot iativ last month, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie dropped his legal opposn to gay marriage, makg his state the 14th to legalize same-sex weddgs. Ocsnally the digizatn procs troduc transcriptn errors or other problems; we are ntug to work to improve the archived 's hight urt has taken a long step toward makg the state the first the untry to regnize marriag between upl of the same sex, lg that a ban on such marriag may well vlate the State Constutn's prohibn agast sex a 3-to-1 lg on Wednday a se brought by three homosexual upl, the State Supreme Court stopped short of strikg down the ban, stead sendg the se back to a trial urt for the majory opn, Jtice Steven H. Th, unls other stat acted to change current practic, gay upl married Hawaii would have to be regnized as married upl other stat, thereby entlg them to the tax breaks, health benefs and survivor benefs that acce to married Marks, Hawaii's Attorney General, said his office was still reviewg the lg.

GAY MARRIAGE STATE BY STATE: FROM A FEW STAT TO THE WHOLE NATN

In October, for example, the state urt led that protectns agast unreasonable search and seizure barred some typ of airport search that are permted by the Supreme week's lg me a su filed 1991 by a gay male uple and two lbian upl, who asserted that the ban on same-sex marriage vlated their rights of privacy and equal protectn. He said there was no bias bee men and women were affected equally by the ban on gay majory opn dismissed that argument and relied heavily on a 1967 Supreme Court lg that overturned bans on mixed-race marriag. It has been raised for a quarter of a century whout some advot said yterday that the lg was nsistent wh a trend that has been buildg fay law: the growg regnn that gay upl nstute 1989, New York State's hight urt regnized gay upl as a fay for purpos of rent-ntrol protectn.

In the last 10 years, about 30 municipali, cludg New York Cy and San Francis, have adopted polici regnizg gay upl as "domtic partners" and grantg them limed benefs.

-------------------- Rulg on Gay Police OfficersAUSTIN, Tex., May 6 (AP) -- The Texas Supreme Court has cleared the way for homosexuals to serve the Dallas Police Department, endg a four-year battle waged by a urt refed on Wednday to hear the cy's appeal of a lower urt lg favor of Mi England, who sued after beg nied a job Ms.