Rural gay men are g apps like Scff and Grdr differently.

Contents:

• LGBTQ LERATURE: FARM BOYS: LIV OF GAY MEN OM THE RURAL MIDWT
• GAY RAL AMERI: UP TO 5 PERCENT OF RAL RINTS ARE LGBTQ, REPORT FDS
• BACKWOODS QUEER: LIFE AS A GAY MAN RURAL GEIA
• THE REFUL BALANCE OF GENR AND SEXUALY: RAL GAY MEN, THE HETEROSEXUAL MATRIX, AND "EFFEMOPHOBIA"
• IMPROVG THE HEALTH OF RAL GAY MEN
• HOW TO MEET GAY GUYS A SMALL TOWN
• COMG OUT AND G BACK: RURAL GAY MIGRATN AND THE CY
• A GAY UPLE RAN A RAL RTRANT PEACE. THEN NEW NEIGHBORS ARRIVED.
• THE SOCIAL/SEXUAL ENVIRONMENT OF GAY MEN RIDG A RURAL FRONTIER STATE: IMPLITNS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIV PREVENTN PROGRAMS

LGBTQ LERATURE: FARM BOYS: LIV OF GAY MEN OM THE RURAL MIDWT

The standard narrative of ral gay life is that ’s tough for LGBTQ kids who flee their ral hometowns for inic urban “gayborhoods” like Chigo’s Boystown or the Castro San Francis – plac where they n fd love, feel “normal” and be surround by others like them.

Such ments ll to qutn certa assumptns of the ntemporary gay rights movement, cludg that “gayborhoods” are the pnacle of gay life and that ral Ameri is no place for LGBTQ people. "‘SETTLING INTO RURAL LIFE’While challeng for LGBTQ people n be “amplified” ral areas, the report also found bright spots for lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr and queer people livg nonmetropolan upl and LGBTQ dividuals are raisg children ral areas at higher rat than urban areas.

Yet he moved back 2013, to a small town outsi Erie to start his own said that while he felt safe Philly’s “gayborhood, ” he was often verbally harassed other areas of the cy and knew of vlent attacks on gay was nervo to move back to ral Pennsylvania, fearg social isolatn and reprsn. Contact wh gay sexualy ed to look very different for closeted gay men: parks at night, porn stor, and rt area rtrooms that bore the signature punch-out between two stalls jt big enough to f one’s dick through—the storied “glory hole. To try and make sense of this—s after the queer liberatn movement was supposed to brg all “out of the closets and to the streets”—I wanted to hear om out guys different parts of ral Ameri about their experienc alg wh closeted gay men on the apps.

GAY RAL AMERI: UP TO 5 PERCENT OF RAL RINTS ARE LGBTQ, REPORT FDS

In many small towns this is a self-perpetuatg problem: Gay men don’t e out bee there are so few visible lol gay men; there are so few visible gay men lolly bee not enough of them are out. Still, the apps themselv offer a glimmer of hope: Prr to the technology we have now, gay sex between men ral areas was arranged by take-your-chance walks up to idlg rs parks, the tap of a foot between men’s room stalls, or whispers through a glory hole at the lol porn store. You have a variety of optns when to meetg gay men: you n vis lol gay clubs, anizatns, or ftivals, ask your straight iends to set you up wh iends and partners, or try onle groups or datg.

Between the lack of solid data about the size and lotn of the gay populatn and the lack of gay muny rourc that uld assist recg for rearch ral areas, the behavr of gay men ral areas is ltle unrstood.

Rosenberger, assistant profsor of bbehavral health at Penn State, studi the behavr of gay men ral areas to better unrstand how to support the men to improve their health and well-beg. This means that gay men are not havg the nversatns they need about their sexual health which n lead to men takg risks they do not unrstand or to health problems that rema undiagnosed.

BACKWOODS QUEER: LIFE AS A GAY MAN RURAL GEIA

” RFD has filled the role of the journal of rerd for the Radil Faerie movement sce 1979, and, while many LGBT people livg outsi urban centers do not intify wh this muny, also ma history by tablishg that ral LGBT people had their own voic and experienc which were often not well reprented the mastream gay and lbian prs. At about the same time that the first issue of RFD was beg published, The ADVOCATE prted a story s November 6, 1974 issue entled “Gay Liberatn the Ozarks: We’re Not Ashamed.

Durg the 1980s as the AIDS panmic began to impact all LGBT muni regardls of lotn, many ral gay men found themselv beg activists to help prerve not only their own liv but the lol worlds they had grown up .

THE REFUL BALANCE OF GENR AND SEXUALY: RAL GAY MEN, THE HETEROSEXUAL MATRIX, AND "EFFEMOPHOBIA"

An excellent example of such a transformatn took place North Dakota, when Bismarck librarian and puppeteer Darrel Hilbrant, son of a sheep rancher, created The Coaln, the first AIDS activist anizatn the state, and traveled wily speakg on AIDS preventn across the state, puttg a human face on the epimic and, the procs, beg the most wily known gay man North Dakota.

The prence of AIDS ral LGBT life was also the subject of Joanne McCarthy’s 1988 social work this at California State Universy, The Psychosocial Impact of Aids and Related Health Concerns upon Gay Men a Rural Communy. In later years, a body of dissertatns focg attentn on aspects of ral gay and lbian life om the perspectiv of social work, tn, soclogy, psychology, munitns, gerontology, history, geography, and anthropology would emerge.

The 1980s also saw the birth of publitns created by and for ral LGBT people to serve as foms for discsn of issu and assist the growth of a sense of muny, such as Among Friends: News Magaze For Gays and Lbians of the Upper Midwt, published Madison, Wisns om 1983 to 1989, and the short-lived Midwt Tim, published Chigo begng January 1981. They clud Heartland: The Midwt’s Gay and Lbian Newspaper (which appeared Indianapolis om Febary 1990 to June 1991), Rockford, Illois’ Rock River News, the Pneers Newsletter of the Rural Southwt Wisns Gay and Lbian Alliance (begun 1994) and the Prairie Flame, published monthly Sprgfield, Illois om 1996 to 2008. The 1990s were the when gays and lbians livg small towns began appearg as the subject of documentary films, addg visual rerds to the bodi of prt ttimony provid by the lol and regnal LGBT media.

IMPROVG THE HEALTH OF RAL GAY MEN

In 1991, Jean-François B and Peter Friedman created Fightg Southwt Louisiana: Gay Life Rural Ameri, whose subject, Danny Cooper, was a lol mailman a small Louisiana town who had been open about his sexual orientatn sce his teens and lived openly wh his lover. In 1995, Routledge published the anthology Mappg Dire: Geographi of Sexuali, eded by David Bell and Gil Valente, and among s chapters was Jerry Lee Kramer‘s “Bachelor Farmers and Spsters: Gay and Lbian Inti and Communi Rural North Dakota. Its unterpart over the borr is Out Our Way: Gay and Lbian Life the Country, a llectn of over two hundred terviews wh lbians and gay men across ral Canada gathered by Michael Rrdon, a former wrer for the Toronto LGBT paper of rerd The Body Polic.

The Universy of Mnota Prs ntued the anthology approach g lerature as a lens wh Reclaimg the Heartland: Lbian and Gay Voic om the Midwt, eded by Karen Lee Osborne and William Spurl. In his 1997 survey Life Outsi: the Signorile Report on Gay Men, Sex, Dgs, Mcl, and the Passag of Life, Out magaze lumnist Michelangelo Signorile clud a chapter on “The De-urbanizatn of Homosexualy” regnizg the signifince of lol LGBT muni.

It was joed 2000 by two other th on aspects of ral LGBT life, Stephen Whaker’s Acuntable Heterosexualy: The Performative Genr Strategi of Rural Gay Men From Appalachia om the Universy of Ccnati, and Exploratn of the Effects of Rural Gay and Lbian Support Groups on Internalized Homophobia, by Patrick E.

HOW TO MEET GAY GUYS A SMALL TOWN

2002 wnsed the expansn of the ncept of “ral “beyond the nf of North Ameri wh the publitn of Anthony Galv’s The Margalizatn of Rural Gay Men Ireland, by Universy College Dubl.

COMG OUT AND G BACK: RURAL GAY MIGRATN AND THE CY

Davis his fay therapy dissertatn on Perceptns and Experienc of Growg up Gay Rural Louisiana: A Reflexive Ethnography of Six Gay Men, done at the Universy of Louisiana at Monroe. Will Fellows ntued his rearch begun Farm Boys by examg the social rol played by gay men as stewards of lol historil pasts his 2004 work A Passn to Prerve: Gay Men as Keepers Of Culture. Other ral-related publitns that year were the article by Col Johnson the Encyclopedia of Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgenr History In Ameri verg “Urban, Suburban, and Rural Geographi” and Carol Snively’s say “Buildg Communy-based Allianc Between GLBTQQA Youth And Adults In Rural Settgs” Gay and Lbian Rights Organizg: Communy-based Strategi om Harrgton Park Prs.

The first, Farm Fay: In Search of Gay Life Rural Ameri (created by a wrer who grew up on a Midwt dairy farm) relat his own story as well as prentg terviews wh others om siar ral backgrounds New Mexi, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisns, and Wyomg rangg om radil faeri to men raisg children and other dairy farmers. But Rural Social Work Practice (a llectn of says on the stat of this field om Columbia Universy Prs, published that same year) Chatman Neely’s say on “Gay Men and Lbians Rural Areas: Acknowledgg, Valug, and Empowerg This Stigmatized Invisible People” spoke to the reali of the world beg portrayed onscreen by Heath Ledger.

A GAY UPLE RAN A RAL RTRANT PEACE. THEN NEW NEIGHBORS ARRIVED.

The pool of lerature on ral LGBT life outsi North Ameri was also expand that year by “Stayg Bh”: The Liv Of Gay Men In Rural Atralia, by Edward John Green, the publitn book form of the thor’s Ph. Prt works om 2009 clu the llectn Out In Public: Reventg Lbian/Gay Anthropology In A Globalizg World, eded by Ellen Lew wh the chapter “Back and forth to the land: negotiatg ral and urban sexualy among the Radil Faeri”, by Stt Mensen, and Mary Gray’s look at ral LGBT youth Kentucky, Out In The Country: Youth, Media, And Queer Visibily Rural Ameri. The northern plas LGBT world was well reprented graduate work 2010, wh such works as Place, Polics, And Gay and Lbian Life Grand Forks, North Dakota, by Alison Rood (done at the Universy of North Dakota) and Old Coyot: Life Histori of Agg Gay Men Rural Canada, om Barry Trentham at the Universy of Toronto.

In 2011, the Universy of Nevada Prs issued the anthology Cy Dreams, Country Schem: Communy and Inty the Amerin Wt which ntas Peter Boag’s paper on “Gay Male Rural-Urban Migratn the Amerin Wt. D’Augelli, a 2013 tle om Routledge, is based on terviews wh 414 gay men ral Pennsylvania and centers on -pth terviews wh fifteen of them, examg the subjects of how they relate to their muni, fai, tablishg a sexual inty and relatnships. Atralia’s ral gay populatn and their environment returned to film October 2014 wh the televisn documentary Growg Up Gay Rural Atralia, which looked at ndns of LGBT life two towns New South Wal through stori of lol people who had both left and stayed behd.

We expand the existg body of work about sexualy and raly (Bell, 2000, Bell, 2006, Gorman-Murray et al., 2008, Kirkey and Forsyth, 2001, Smh and Holt, 2005, Valente, 1997) by focg on the experience of self-intified gay men who grew up French and US ral spac. 2 Acceptg that intify formatn is a plex procs shaped by dividuals’ movements om one space to another (Andrews, 2009), this article characteriz how this procs emerg for a select group of ral gay men. Other theorists have poted out the need to not only foc on factors such as race, ethnicy, age, genr, and class when tryg to unrstand subjectivi that nstute gayns, but also the need to rporate geographic lotn as a cisive factor (Inns, 2004, Knopp, 2006, Knopp and Brown, 2003).

THE SOCIAL/SEXUAL ENVIRONMENT OF GAY MEN RIDG A RURAL FRONTIER STATE: IMPLITNS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIV PREVENTN PROGRAMS

For stance, Knopp argu that “the ia of movement, flux, and flow as important ontologil s and of themselv, for both gay men and geographil thought, has been unrappreciated and unrveloped the lerature of both” (Knopp, 2006: 219).

This article explor more eply the relatnship between spatial movements and the buildg of ral gay men’s sense of have been portrayed as “homosexual paradis” whose tolerance of non-heterosexual inti and sexual practic attracted numero ral dividuals tryg to pe the nservative culture of their place of birth (Blidon, 2008, Rub, 1993, Valente and Skelton, 2003, Wton, 1995). This ral/urban distctn appears so embedd nscns (and rearch) that has bee a source of unrstandg of gay dividuals’ relotn and migratn, broadly, and this rearch, of ral gay men’s relotn and migratn, specifilly (Gorman-Murray, 2007, Knopp and Brown, 2003). Past gay migratn studi suggt that due to feelg out of place the ral muni where they grew up, gay dividuals need spatial displacement and relotn to urban spac orr to be able to exprs eely their alternative sexual sir and to velop their non-heterosexual inty (Bnie, 2004, Brown, 2000, Cant, 1997, Chncey, 1994).