Lbian and gay parentg: Theoretil and nceptual examatns

Contents:

• FOR GAY MEN, HAVG A BLOGIL CHILD N BE PLITED
• MORE GAY MEN CHOOSE SURROGACY TO HAVE CHILDREN
• MARRIED WH CHILDREN: NEW GAY OPTNS, EXPLORED ONSTAGE
• LBIAN AND GAY PARENTG

FOR GAY MEN, HAVG A BLOGIL CHILD N BE PLITED

The optns n be overwhelmg, but the followg rourc mystify the most mon rout to LGBTQ+ parentg – and highlight a few thgs to nsir as you start your fay you're lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, or queer and want to have children, you're far om alone – an timated 29 percent of the more than 11. Brent Monsr, MD, recently helped lead a study to document tails of how gay men e assisted reproductive technology to build their fai, cludg qutns such as how many children they wish to have and how often their efforts succeed. We regnize that this may be bee a lot of gay men requt tws or may ultimately want two children, and fertily doctors may be transferrg two embryos to try to save their patients money so they only have to go through the fertily treatment procs once.

"Ford is part of what appears to be a shift attu among gay men their 30s and 40s, who hadn't tradnally been all that keen on beg now, acrdg to medil experts and men the gay muny, neher genr, nor sexual orientatn, nor age is an impediment to havg babi. And one of the last breakthroughs of the gay pri movement, more male same-sex upl are now embracg gtatnal surrogacy to have a blogil Ford's se, Richard Buckley, former fashn photographer and Ford's 20-year-partner, has said the past he wanted nothg to do wh babi. In 2005, Buckley retired as edor--chief of Vogu Homm Internatnal and moved to Italy after beg treated for "who's-your-daddy" bate wh the Ford-Buckley relatnship unrsr the generatn gap wh the male gay muny when to acceptg fatherhood.

"But many gay men, like lbians and some sgle women, want a blogil nnectn to their wasn't until the last that gay men have found not only the cultural acceptance of gay parenthood, but the availabily of gay muny centers and support the Los Angel-based Pop Luck Club started 1998, had only ne members. "The APA go even further wh regard to gay parentg, argug that there are no velopmental differenc between children raised by homosexuals or heterosexuals, " telligence, psychologil adjtment, social adjtment, populary wh iends, velopment of social sex role inty or velopment of sexual orientatn. “No Kids” turns a doubtg eye on of parenthood, jt as “Leave to Rema” do wh Jamion for The New York TimBoth shows make the se that equal rights do not mean the same Jon said he believed was a mistake to believe that gay marriage and straight marriage were the same.

MORE GAY MEN CHOOSE SURROGACY TO HAVE CHILDREN

The prev edn, which was tled Lbian and Gay Parentg: A Rource for Psychologists (1995) was the succsor to a publitn tled Lbian Parents and Their Children: A Rource Paper for Psychologists that was jotly produced by CLGBC and CWP 1991. Unlike heterosexual parents and their children, however, lbian and gay parents and their children are often subject to prejudice bee of their sexual orientatn that n turn judg, legislators, profsnals, and the public agast them, sometim rultg negative out, such as loss of physil ctody, rtrictns on visatn, and prohibns agast adoptn (ACLU Lbian and Gay Rights Project, 2002; Appell, 2003; Patterson, Fulcher, & Waright, 2002). As this summary will show, the rults of existg rearch parg lbian and gay parents to heterosexual parents and children of lbian and gay parents to children of heterosexual parents are que clear: Common stereotyp are not supported by the data.

The relevance of this cricism has been greatly rced as rearch has expand to explore life a wir array of lbian mother and gay father fai (many of which have never lived through the divorce of a heterosexual uple), and as newer studi beg to clu a wir array of ntrol groups. Other cricisms have been that most studi have been based on relatively small sampl, that there have been difficulti wh asssment procr employed some studi, and that the classifitn of parents as lbian, gay, or heterosexual has been problematic. An expert readg of the Sarantakos article reveals that certa characteristics of s methodology and sample are highly likely to have skewed the rults and renred them an valid ditor of the well-beg of children raised by gay and lbian parents at least three rpects:.

The children raised by gay and lbian parents experienced unually high levels of extreme social ostracism and overt hostily om other children and parents, which probably acunted for the former's lower levels of teractn and social tegratn wh peers (see pp. Most or all of the children beg raised by gay and lbian parents, but not the children beg raised by heterosexual married parents, had experienced parental divorce, which is known to rrelate wh poor adjtment and amic performance.

MARRIED WH CHILDREN: NEW GAY OPTNS, EXPLORED ONSTAGE

Some nonscientific anizatns have attempted to nvce urts that there is an actual scientific dispute this area by cg rearch performed by Pl Cameron as supportg the existence of fics gay and lbian parents or their children pared to heterosexual parents or their children. Three ncerns have historilly been associated wh judicial cisn makg ctody ligatn and public polici erng foster re and adoptn: the belief that lbians and gay men are mentally ill, that lbians are ls maternal than heterosexual women, and that lbians' and gay men's relatnships wh sexual partners leave ltle time for ongog parent-child teractns (ACLU Lbian and Gay Rights Project, 2002; Falk, 1989, 1994; Patterson et al., 2002; Patterson & Reddg, 1996). Many years ago, the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn removed "homosexualy" om s list of mental disorrs, statg that "homosexualy per se impli no impairment judgment, stabily, reliabily, or general social or votnal pabili" (Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, 1974).

In 1975, the Amerin Psychologil Associatn took the same posn and urged all mental health profsnals to help dispel the stigma of mental illns that had long been associated wh homosexual orientatn (Amerin Psychologil Associatn, 1975).

LBIAN AND GAY PARENTG

The cisn to remove homosexual orientatn om the list of mental disorrs reflects extensive rearch nducted over three s showg that homosexual orientatn is not a psychologil maladjtment (Gonsrek, 1991; Hart, Roback, Ttler, Wez, Walston, & McKee, 1978; Reiss, 1980). There is no reliable evince that homosexual orientatn per se impairs psychologil functng, although the social and other circumstanc which lbians and gay men live, cludg exposure to wispread prejudice and discrimatn, often e acute distrs (Cochran, 2001; Freedman, 1971; Gonsrek, 1991; Hart et al., 1978; Hooker, 1957; Meyer, 2003; Reiss, 1980).

Beliefs that lbian and gay adults are not f parents likewise have no empiril foundatn (Anrssen, Amlie, & Ytteroy, 2002; Brewaeys & van Hall, 1997; Parks, 1998; Patterson, 2000; Patterson & Chan, 1996; Perr, 2002; Stacey & Biblarz, 2001; Tasker, 1999; Victor & Fish, 1995). A recent study of 256 lbian and gay parent fai found that, ntrast to patterns characterizg the majory of Amerin parents, very few lbian and gay parents reported any e of physil punishment (such as spankg) as a disciplary technique; stead, they were likely to report e of posive techniqu such as reasong (Johnson & O'Connor, 2002).