Walt Disney personally fired the child star of Old Yeller and The Swiss Fay Robson after fdg out he was gay.
Can we ll Ggu's patgs of half-naked men, like "Man Wh the Ax" [a Tahian teenage boy wearg only a black lo cloth swgs an ax over his sturdy shoulrs], homoerotic? Was there an open gay culture?
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data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl ContentHearByl-cZqgyJ bqbBYQ"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ivtvgj byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL eErqIx byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/peter-schjeldahl">Peter Schjeldahl</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2007-01-28T23:00:00-05:00" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearPublishDate-eIBicG iUEiRd kYZrFA kEBrdf">January 28, 2007</time></div></div></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div 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grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><div class="GenericCalloutWrapper-tojWn iHBnEl llout--has-top-borr set-embedd-le" data-ttid="GenericCallout"><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO KhjZz AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset rponsive-image rponsive-image--expandable"><noscript><img alt="Briefly Noted" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></span></div></figure></div><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">Vcent van Gogh’s favore lor was yellow; Pl Ggu’s was red. It was not a trivial difference. It pertas to the clashg, eply plementary temperaments of two paters whose idsyncrasi, separable om their talents and ias, beme keynot of morn art and templat of artistic personaly. Ltle about eher man fails to fascate. Both me late to art: Ggu, the elr by five years, after fful succs as a sailor, fancial trar, and fay man—he met Imprsnist paters first as a llector of their work, then as a protégé—and van Gogh after failur as an art aler’s assistant and a Prottant preacher. Ggu was short but rried himself wh a swagger. Van Gogh was termed by an observer “a rather weedy ltle man.” Van Gogh admired Ggu. That ma two of them. While he liked van Gogh’s work well enough, Ggu’s self-centered ambn ma any appreciatn of lleagu somewhat perfunctory. Van Gogh was an enthiast for many kds of art, cludg Barbizon landspe and a good al of saloniste amic patg. He disliked, as “almost timid,” the tight ltle bshstrok of the era’s most advanced pater, Pl Cézanne. Ggu’s taste was trendy, wh penchants for the medieval and the exotic. He swore by Cézanne. Both van Gogh and Ggu revered Edgar Degas and—van Gogh, pecially—Japane art. Van Gogh pated almost exclively om life; Ggu favored imagatn. Van Gogh was nocent and disturbed, Ggu savvy and louche. In October of 1888, Ggu left the art lony of Pont-Aven, Brtany, where he was the leadg light, to stay isolatn wh van Gogh the humdm town of Arl, Provence. It was a dramatic sojourn.</p><p class="paywall">“The Yellow Hoe: Van Gogh, Ggu, and Ne Turbulent Weeks Arl” (Ltle, Brown; $24.99), by Mart Gayford, the chief art cric of Bloomberg Europe, is a skillfully orred llectn of rmative and entertag nuggets of tellectual and personal bgraphy. The book’s subtle, however, is over the top. I unt jt two really turbulent nights the story, and a few sticky days. Weeks passed uneventful amy, or at least forbearance. The climax is sensatnal, of urse: van Gogh razors off all or part of his left ear (the forensic tail is lost to history) and ceremonly prents to a prostute named Rachel. She fats. He is hospalized. Ggu fle. The peculiar horror of the episo, tensn wh the majty of van Gogh’s art at the time, has ma irristibly mythologil. As a symbol of a supposed kship of geni and madns, ronat backward time to the Greeks and forward to the thoughts of anyone who has wonred at the vagari of creativy. In an extend anticlimax, Gayford hazards gen speculatns about van Gogh’s febrile thought procs (why an ear?) and propos, for what ’s worth, a likely clil diagnosis: bipolar affective disorr. But, the way of myth, the event’s operative meangs exceed analysis and spurn explanatn. They have a life of their own, like art.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">“A time will e when people will thk I am a myth, or rather somethg the newspapers have ma up,” Ggu wrote 1897, a letter om Tahi. He was a driven self-ventor, ever nsc of his theatril effect. Born Paris, he spent his childhood Lima, Pe, where his mother had fay, and Orléans, France. He went to sea 1865, at the age of seventeen, and spent six years the French merchant mare and Navy. Alightg Paris, he took unmandg, lucrative jobs fance, and married a Danish woman, Mette Sophie Gad, whom he bullied psychologilly and, perhaps, physilly. They had five children. Drawg and rvg were hobbi for him. He began to buy art, first by Cale Pissarro and then by other Imprsnists and Cézanne. The gentle anarchist Pissarro took an tert the newer and effectively guid him for several years. (He eventually turned agast him as a reerist.) Édouard Ma and Degas enuraged Ggu to pursue his work, and, wh ltle amic trag, he beme the first major artist formed the amb of what was not yet lled the avant-gar.</p><p class="paywall">After a stock-market crash 1882, Ggu lnched himself as a pater. The fay moved to Copenhagen, where Mette threw him out. Back France, he beme a lear reactns agast both Imprsnism and naturalism, promotg symbolic exprsn and, a prcient word he often ed, “abstractn.” Amid the motley bohemian artists of Pont-Aven, he was fluenced by the bold novatns, wh black-outled flat hu, of a much younger pater and theorist, Ée Bernard, who was a iend of van Gogh and, ccially, of his younger brother, the adventuro Paris aler Theo van Gogh. Ggu promptly tmped Bernard’s art wh a patg ma the summer of 1888, “The Visn After the Sermon,” which charged their mon style wh sulfuro ntent: a man wrtl wh an angel, watched by solemn Breton women. He then proceed to make the most of Bernard’s nnectn wh the van Gogh brothers.</p><p class="paywall">Van Gogh was born 1853, Zunrt, the Netherlands, the son of a cultured clergyman and a mother who seems to have spaired of him. (She stored some of his works, and fot about them.) He grew up relig and hypersensive, a difficult pann and chronilly maladro everyday matters. For seven years, om the age of sixteen, he worked for an ternatnal art firm The Hague, London, and Paris, where he was fired for lack of iative. He was briefly a schoolteacher England. Rejected attempts at romance, he had doomed affairs wh mimonda; for a time, he lived wh a Dutch prostute who had two children, gag a taste of domtic happs that hnted him ever after. Van Gogh me to rely on prostut—“ltle good women,” his words—but he advised Bernard a letter, “Don’t fuck too much. Your patgs will be all the more spermatic.” He beme a lay preacher to mers a solate part of Belgium but was dismissed for overzealons and general oddy. (“Children threw thgs at him as he walked down the street,” Gayford reunts; van Gogh suffered siar harassment Arl.) As he gave himself over to patg, at the age of twenty-six, he vted his falterg relig fah lerature. Gayford wr, “In Vcent’s md, morn novels, wh their close scriptns of morn life, love, sufferg and labor, were more than a substute for the Bible—they were s succsor. He felt that Christ himself would agree wh him on that pot.” He experienced the characters and events Zola and Flbert as virtual reali. (He wrote to Theo that a fay iend remd him of “the first Mrs. Bovary,” who barely appears the novel.) He read Dickens and Gee Elt English. He was a lumo wrer himself, his letters, wh flash of eful clary about his mental ndn: “I have moments when I am twisted wh enthiasm or madns or prophecy, like a Greek oracle on his tripod.”</p><p class="paywall">Startg 1886, van Gogh spent two years Paris, livg wh Theo—to the latter’s exasperatn and anguish. “All I hope is that he will go and live by himself, and he has talked about this for a long time, but if I told him to leave that would only give him a reason to stay on,” Theo wrote. “It appears as if there are two different begs him, the one marveloly gifted, fe and lite, the other selfish and heartls.” (In van Gogh’s fal months, his mother wished for an end to the fay’s burn, prayg, she wrote to Theo, “Take him, Lord.”) At tim funny and charmg, and admirg of iends, cludg Henri Touloe-Ltrec, van Gogh taxed his fellows the art world by beg, Gayford’s summary, “pulsively articulate, opnated and tactls.” One of them relled, “He had an extraordary way of pourg out sentenc, if he got started, Dutch, English and French, then glancg back at you over his shoulr, and hissg through his teeth.” At last, van Gogh’s sufferg sent him south Febary, 1888, at the age of thirty-four—“lookg for a different light,” he later told Theo, and believg “that observg nature unr a brighter sky might give one a more accurate ia of the way the Japane feel and draw.” He envisned foundg a “stud of the South” and dunned Ggu, whom he had met Paris, and Bernard wh vatns to jo him. In a ltle over a year Arl, he ma about two hundred patgs, dozens of them masterpiec. Why was he unregnized at the time? Personaly asi, his style of impasto bshwork (much spired by an eccentric Marseill pater, Adolphe Monticelli) service to visual tth was out of step both wh Paris fashn, whose new hero was the methodil Ge Srat, and wh nascent, wakg-dream Symbolism, pneered by Ggu. Though van Gogh had spells of quiet nfince, he felt, to the last, that his art’s un lay years the future.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The two artists exchanged self-portras before Ggu’s vis. Van Gogh’s picts him as an stere, enigmatic character wh ey like a t’s—as he put , “a simple” Japane monk “worshippg the eternal Buddha.” He scribed the work to Ggu as “all ash-gray”—a cumulative, simmerg effect, acrdg to Gayford, “of mixg emerald green and orange on a pale ja background, all harmonized wh his reddish-brown cloth.” It is a far better picture than Ggu’s vilish prentatn of himself as Jean Valjean, of “L Misérabl.” (Ggu wrote to van Gogh that portrayed a man “strong and badly drsed,” wh “a noblens and gentlens hidn wh. Passnate blood suff the face as do a creature t.”) But the Ggu has zt. It featur a lively, off-center posn and begs to divorce le om lor a way that beme Ggu’s major ntributn to morn patg, notably that of Pisso. The fact that both paters chose to renr themselv fictnal guise—van Gogh was spired by Pierre Loti’s popular novel “Madame Chrysanthème,” on which Pucci’s “Madama Butterfly” was later based—supports Gayford’s this that for them, their different ways, life and lerature terlocked. The difference emerg the artists’ preferred imag: Ggu’s is egotistil and sensual, while van Gogh’s is humble and spirual. Wh characteristic generosy, van Gogh discerned rare digny Ggu’s villao persona. He lled him, a letter to Bernard, “a virg creature wh savage stcts. Wh Ggu blood and sex prevail over ambn.”</p><p class="paywall">Actually, ambn was very much volved 1888, when, as Gayford wr breathlsly, “Pl Ggu . . . knocked on the door. It was opened by Vcent van Gogh.” Ggu had high hop of dog bs wh Theo, who would have been grateful to anyone willg to keep his unnervg brother pany, far om Paris. As turned out, Theo sold several works by Ggu durg his time Arl—“the dirtit town the whole south,” the artist cid—while failg to move any by his brother, whose prsns acrdgly epened. Their two-story quarters Arl were half of a ckeyed butter-yellow hoe (a grocer occupied the rt) on a by square. The si walls were whe, the doors blue, and the floors red tile. They had gaslight and nng water, but the neart toilet was a hotel next door. Gayford gus that the place smelled strongly of “pipe smoke as well as of turpente, pigment and Vcent himself—the climate was hot and washg arrangements limed.” Ggu, wh a sailor’s habual tids, was appalled by the mss of the stud. He took the hoehold hand and, among other terventns, stuted a budget for the most amounts of money provid by Theo, who always supported his brother: as Ggu put , “so much for hygienic excursns at night” to brothels, “so much for tobac, so much for cintal expens, cludg rent,” and so much, a separate che, for food. He did most of the okg.</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">He was amazed, perhaps spe himself, by van Gogh’s ratn of the gut room: patgs, particularly two pictg sunflowers, of a size and tensy—and, one se, yellowns—never before seen still-life. But Ggu never nced that van Gogh had anythg to teach him. (He later claimed, bizarrely, to have eed van Gogh om Srat-like Potillism and to have enabled his yellow-on-yellow breakthroughs. Ggu’s memory was a chos ever improvisg songs praise of himself.) Rather, he urged the younger artist to work, as he did, “<em> tête</em>”: om mental imag, by vented sign. Van Gogh tried, wh snt succs—except for one later patg that he ma the mental asylum at Sat-Rémy, near Arl, “The Starry Night,” which he soon regretted, as “another failure” ed by beg “led astray to abstractn.”</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The two worked hard. They sketched some of the same landsp and shared portra mols, cludg the wife of one of van Gogh’s few Arl iends, the polilly radil postman Joseph Roul. (Van Gogh ghed to Theo that Roul’s fay nsisted of “real characters and very French, though they look like Rsians”; he seems to have planned to pat them ntually over the years, as they changed wh age.) Van Gogh’s output, which clud the acrid and harrowg “Night Café,” was torrid. Ggu’s style was transn; a strikg work of the perd, “In the Heat,” of a half-naked peasant woman and pigs, amounts to a sumptuo dirty joke. A portra he pated of van Gogh, “The Pater of Sunflowers,” is an animated, rather goofy riture. Their nversatn, when not marred by disagreements art matters, was full of referenc to lerature and the news. They were avid for crime stori, such as the latt explos of Jack the Ripper, and closely followed the trial, Paris, of a charismatic murrer named Prado. Gayford surmis that Prado’s speech, his own fense, stck a chord wh van Gogh: “Who am I first of all? What do matter? I am unfortunate. . . . My God, hurled on to this vast stage of human life, I yield, a b by chance, to everythg I felt beat my heart and boil my bra.” (Prado was nvicted; Ggu attend his public executn.)</p><p class="paywall">Ggu’s habs at the time, except perhaps those volvg sex, were morate. Van Gogh drank oly. He explaed, “If the storm wh gets too loud, I take a glass too much to stun myself.” The effects were not entirely medical. Acrdg to Ggu—whose ttimony is often unreliable—he awakened “several nights,” toward the end of his stay, to fd van Gogh standg over him, wherpon “ was enough for me to say, que sternly, ‘What’s the matter wh you, Vcent?’ for him to go back to bed and fall to a heavy sleep.” (No other evince hts at homosexual attractn—at any rate, a tenncy more thkable about Ggu, who was given to fiercely domatg relatns wh other men.) Ggu reported that, upon viewg “The Pater of Sunflowers,” van Gogh said, “It’s me, but ’s me gone mad,” and afterward, a fé, threw a glass of absthe at Ggu’s head. Still, Ggu stayed. He wanted to go, Gayford reunts, but he wrote to a iend that he meant to do “ such a way that Theo would be ‘bound’ to him” and so keep sellg his work. The pair travelled forty-two to a mm Montpellier, where patgs by Delacroix and Courbet exced them. But the end was near.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">On December 23rd, as Ggu relled a few days later a letter to Bernard, van Gogh asked him if he was gog to leave. “And when I said ‘Y’ he tore this sentence om a newspaper and put my hand: ‘the murrer took flight.’ ” That eveng, after the ually pacific van Gogh threatened Ggu wh his razor (or so Ggu claimed), Ggu spent the night a hotel. The next morng, he went dread to the Yellow Hoe, where a crowd, alerted by Rachel, had gathered. In Ggu’s tellg, no one had yet entered the hoe. He went wh the Arl police missner, who asked him, “What have you done to your ra, Monsir?” The stairway was splattered wh blood. They found van Gogh curled up bed, motnls. Ggu told Bernard that he “touched the body, the heat of which showed that was still alive.” He left for Paris shortly afterward, apparently whout seeg van Gogh awake, or ever aga. Van Gogh was the hospal for two weeks, then he passed eighteen torrentially productive months, between recurrent breakdowns, first at the Yellow Hoe, until neighbors, plag that “his stabily ightens all the habants,” petned for his removal; then a year at the asylum Sat-Rémy; and, fally, unr the re of the passnate Dr. Pl Gachet, the village of Auvers-sur-Oise, north of Paris. Absorbed his work, van Gogh was flattered but unsettled by an admirg say by the cric Albert Aurier, to whom he protted that his role art was “of very sendary importance” to that of Ggu or Adolphe Monticelli. One of van Gogh’s patgs sold, for a good price. But turmoil Theo’s bs life and his mental state—he was begng to suffer om tertiary syphilis—ma Vcent fear the loss of his allowance. On July 27, 1890, he shot himself the cht; he survived for two days. Theo died six months later. Ggu died 1903, the Marquas Islands, also of plitns om syphilis, jt as he was about to beg a jail sentence for sultg lol thori.</p><p class="paywall">Gayford analyz van Gogh’s self-mutilatn rather as if were an art work, a style that was fluenced not only by Jack the Ripper, who cut off a prostute’s ear, but also by at least two texts: Zola’s novel “The S of Father Mouret,” which a iar chastis an altar boy, named Vcent, by pullg his ear, and later has his own ear lopped off by an assailant; and the Bible, where the disciple Peter slic off the ear of one of the men who have e to arrt J at Gethsemane. Gayford pil on the evince, makg his se plsible to a gree (for stance, van Gogh had tried to do a patg on the theme of Gethsemane), but the effort begs the qutn of why van Gogh’s hysteril self-blame took a gome turn when his iendship wh Ggu llapsed. For that, the psychiatric label of bipolary will serve both as well as and as badly as such prev njectur, enumerated by Gayford, as “an overdose of digalis, lead poisong (om pat), absthe-duced hallucatns, a ndn of the ner ear named Ménière’s disease, severe sunstroke and gla,” not to mentn “schizophrenia, syphilis, epilepsy, acute termtent porphyria”—Gee III’s probable malady—“and borrle personaly disorr.”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">The patg on van Gogh’s easel on the night of his self-mutilatn, which he fished a few weeks later, was “La Bercse,” a rogly lored portra of Joseph Roul’s wife, Augte, stg lmly a chair, holdg a strg that she to rock her baby’s cradle. Gayford scrib the wallpaper behd her: “Huge whe blossoms—dahlias, acrdg to Vcent—sway on long th stalks, tendrils and leav twe agast a background of thoands of small blue-green forms, each wh a red dot the middle, like a bud, or a pod, or a breast.” He wr that van Gogh “pared the picture wh a cheap relig prt” while tendg , the artist’s words, “to achieve patg what the mic of Berlz and Wagner has already done . . . an art that offers nsolatn for the broken-hearted!” Fired by Pierre Loti’s book “An Iceland Fisherman,” van Gogh imaged the patg hangg the b of a boat, he wrote to Ggu, where, on acunt of , endangered and lonely fishermen “would feel the old sense of beg rocked e over them and remember their own lullabi.” Gayford go on to adduce still other lerary, artistic, and relig sourc of spiratn for the work. None of that across the patg, though is nsistent wh the subject’s oddly bed airs of loomg mass and serene stillns. The work munit mastery, revellg self.</p><p class="paywall">Creativy tak what needs om the person who posss , or is posssed by , and disrds the rt. In van Gogh’s se, two reali—that of what he saw and that of what he ed (pat, le, lor)—laid imper claim to his energi. The discipled, mutual fulfillment of subject and medium transcend whatever he thought or felt while nceivg and executg his work. Somethg siar n be said of any great artist, though rarely wh so joltg a sense of psychologil odds overe. Van Gogh beme a hero of morn culture for monstratg “grace unr prsure” to a dizzyg extreme. Gayford not that “La Bercse” thrilled Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard, and Édouard Vuillard, not wh any extractable meang but wh form “which ma a whole world of s own.” In an important way, that world exclus s maker, who, at the time, happened to be crazy. Here we e to a classic ntroversy. If dosed wh the proper mood-stabilizg dg 1888, would van Gogh have bee, as Gayford ventur, “a different—and probably a duller—artist”? Given that van Gogh was never dull, I thk would have been worth the risk.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">It is hard not to judge Ggu harshly, parison wh van Gogh; there’s a meanns about him. But keep md that Ggu sought disapproval: the dynamism of his character and the telligence of his style, anized by an antomian urge to shock, proved more ccial to the ethos of avant-gardism than van Gogh’s geni did. Pisso spoke astutely, 1935, of “the torments of van Gogh” and “Cézanne’s anxiety” as the eng of our tert their work: “the drama of the man.” But when me to active dramatizg, the face of a projected, spised bourgeois society, Ggu blazed a way for Pisso, his fellow artistic and sexual nquistador, and for every artist, to this day, who has adopted an attu of renega or subversive temery.</p><p class="paywall">As a performance, Gayford’s book is que the raffish spir of Ggu, who off nsirably better than other tellgs of the Arl saga. He jumps off the page, to the palpable gratifitn of an thor who is apt at sparklg quotatn ( his own translatns om the French) and punchy narrative. Now and then, Gayford almost seems to share Ggu’s irratn at van Gogh’s importunate needs and passive-aggrsive sulks. The bias prov salutary. It fortalls the sentimental self-ngratulatn wh which we may dote on a victim of misunrstandg whose actual pany we uldn’t have stood for an hour, let alone ne weeks. The book breaks no new ground as art history and cricism, but provis a vivid snapshot of issu and passns at a key moment the formatn of morn sensibily. Image! A uple of disreputable men a nowhere town slap pat on nvas and thereby change everythg. It has been a long time now, half a century after Abstract Exprsnism, sce that scenar had s last echo a real artistic or cultural velopment, except ton of irony or elegy. No dividual n any longer dandle the world at the end of a bsh. The legend is rrpondgly tranged and enhanced. ♦</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box ArticlePageSplAdRail-OyjwD jikppc"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailContent-jsltpq iZDmmY spl-ad-rail-ntent"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailTop-jUrrVY jzzFg"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssS ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="83zjvp"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailMiddle-tiRvu hiZeZX spl-ad-rail-middle"></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailBottom-dBKMGQ jmCMsn spl-ad-rail-bottom"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssS ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="l1e84f"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><footer class="ContentFooterMagazeDisclaimer-gzKAqo iZIuUU" data-ttid="MagazeDisclaimerWrapper">Published the prt edn of the <a href="/magaze/2007/02/05" data-reactroot="">Febary 5, 2007</a>, issue.</footer></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="ContributorsWrapper-eNpWFu GWFsc ntributors" data-ttid="Contributors"><div class="ContributorBWrapper-bnVHbt gMon"><div class="ContributorBAvatar-bIGTqf eMWbvj"><a href="/ntributors/peter-schjeldahl"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa rponsive-image"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></a></div><div class="ContributorBContent-ubQdr jZTSSi"><div class="ContributorBHear-ledood XOIEx"></div><div class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/peter-schjeldahl">Peter Schjeldahl</a> was The New Yorker’s longtime art cric until his ath, 2022, at the age of eighty. He joed the magaze as a staff wrer 1998.</div><div class="ContributorBFooter-brqDlv ezUmSv"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="TagCloudWrapper" class="TagCloudWrapper-gGgndx ctyZyK ContentFooterTagCloud-krQmRG ZLGh"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudSectnHear-cOforY iUEiRd bPyAoD kQQRmu">More:</span><a href="/tag/art" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Art</span></a><a href="/tag/artists" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Artists</span></a><a href="/tag/bipolar-disorr" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Bipolar Disorr</span></a><a href="/tag/ee" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Ee</span></a><a href="/tag/ance" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">France</span></a><a href="/tag/jack-the-ripper" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Jack the Ripper</span></a><a href="/tag/mart" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Mart</span></a><a href="/tag/novels" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Novels</span></a><a href="/tag/pl" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Pl</span></a><a href="/tag/van-gogh" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Van Gogh</span></a><a href="/tag/vcent" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Vcent</span></a></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="ContentFooterBottom" class="ContentFooterBottom-jwWZfC kcbyiW"><div class="ContentFooterNewsletterContentWrapper-bmjtna kixtae"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper-fCqqkN jKSBhE newsletter-subscribe-form ContentFooterNewsletterForm-hKeYwa liPqcf"><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormHedDekWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormHedDekWrapper-fpMElW eglIBL"><h3 class="NewsletterSubscribeFormDangeroHed-kRwWjt kbxOa-D newsletter-subscribe-form__hed ContentFooterNewsletterForm-hKeYwa liPqcf">Books & Fictn</h3><div class="NewsletterSubscribeFormDek-kXonvc cKOhTM newsletter-subscribe-form__k">Short stori and poems, pl thor 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summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="A Defense of the Uglit Buildg Paris" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Cultural Comment</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">A Defense of the Uglit Buildg Paris</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="A Defense of the Uglit Buildg Paris" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">The Tour Montparnasse has never been loved.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Col Marshall</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm eamwqR" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Followg the Succs of Twter for Instagram People, We Brg You Other Meta Versns of Apps You Already Have" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Daily Shouts</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Followg the Succs of Twter for Instagram People, We Brg You Other Meta Versns of Apps You Already Have</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Followg the Succs of Twter for Instagram People, We Brg You Other Meta Versns of Apps You Already Have" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">We’re thrilled to announce that we’re velopg a whole sue of new products that are like products you already know but signed to pture a larger dience than ever before.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Sleha Kamal</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm eamwqR" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Cryptic Crossword: Sunday, July 30, 2023" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Cryptic Crossword</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Cryptic Crossword: Sunday, July 30, 2023</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Cryptic Crossword: Sunday, July 30, 2023" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">In France, you pied ballera’s skirt (4).</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Patrick Berry</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm eamwqR" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Civil-Rights Showdown Nobody Remembers" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Books</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Civil-Rights Showdown Nobody Remembers</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Civil-Rights Showdown Nobody Remembers" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Clton High was the first Southern school to be tegrated by urt orr. Why did reluctant acceptance turn to vlence?</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Louis Menand</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssS SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm eamwqR ad ad--read-more"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--read-more" data-no-id="4f853a"></div></div></div><div class="SummaryCollectnGridToActnWrapper-gnReGN eGayfk"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg 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