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fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG Uozmo"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">Before she beme bell hooks, one of the great cultural crics and wrers of the twentieth century, and before she spired generatns of rears—pecially Black women—to unrstand their own axis-tiltg power, she was Gloria Jean Watks, dghter of Rosa Bell and Veodis Watks. hooks, who died on Wednday, was raised Hopksville, a small, segregated town Kentucky. Everythg she would bee began there. She was born 1952 and attend segregated schools up until llege; was the classroom that she, eager to learn, began glimpsg the liberatory possibili of tn. She loved movi, yet the ways which the theatre ma ocsnally ptive to small-mdns and stereotype pelled her to wonr if there were ways to look (and talk) back at the screen’s movg imag. Growg up, her father was a janor and her mother worked as a maid for whe fai; their work, rife wh mor digni, brought to foc the everyday power of an impole glare, or rollg your ey. A new world is born out of such small gtur of ristance—of affirmg your rightful space.</p><p class="paywall">In 1973, Watks graduated om Stanford; as a neteen-year-old unrgraduate, she had already pleted a draft of a visnary history of Black femism and womanhood. Durg the seventi, she pursued graduate work at the Universy of Wisns-Madison and the Universy of California, Santa Cz. In the late seventi, she began publishg poetry unr the pen name bell hooks—a tribute to her great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. (The lowerse was meant to distguish her om her great-grandmother, and to suggt that what mattered was the substance of the work, not the thor’s name.) In 1981, as hooks, she published the scholarship she began at Stanford, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">A’t I a Woman? Black Women and Femism</a>,” a landmark book that was at once a history of slavery’s legacy and the ongog humanizatn of Black women as well as a crique of the revolutnary polics which had arisen rponse to this maltreatment—and which, nohels, centered the male psyche. Te liberatn, she believed, need to reckon wh how class, race, and genr are facets of our inti that are extribly lked. We are all of the thgs at once.</p><p class="paywall">In the eighti and neti, hooks tght at Yale Universy, Oberl College, and the Cy College of New York. She was a prolific scholar and wrer, publishg nearly forty books and hundreds of articl for magaz, journals, and newspapers. Among her most fluential ias was that of the “opposnal gaze.” Power relatns are end how we look at one another; enslaved people were once punished for merely lookg at their whe owners. hooks’s notn of a nontatnal, rebell way of lookg sought to short-circu the male gaze or the whe gaze, which wanted to renr Black female spectators as passive or somehow “other.” She appreciated the power of criqug or makg art om this fiantly Black perspective.</p><p class="paywall">I me to her work the mid-neti, durg a fertile era of Black cultural studi, when felt like your typil alternative weekly or pennt magaze was as rigoro as an amic monograph. For hooks, wrg the public sphere was jt an applitn of her md to a more immediate ncern, whether her subject was Madonna, Spike Lee, or, one memorably wherg piece, Larry Clark’s “Kids.” She was wrg at a time when the ser study of culture—mg for subtexts, siftg for clu—was still a scrappy unrtakg. As an Asian Amerin rear, I was enamored wh how crics like hooks drew on their own backgrounds and iendships, not to flatten their liv to somethg relatably universal but to remd how we all x a vast, often ntradictory array of tast and experienc. Her cricism suggted a pulsg, tirels bra tryg to make sense of how a work of art ma her feel. She molled an tellect: followg the distant echo of whe supremacy and Black ristance over time and ppotg their legaci the works of Quent Taranto or Fort Whaker’s “Wag to Exhale.”</p><p class="paywall">Yet her work—books such as “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Reel to Real</a>” or “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Art on My Md</a>,” which have survived s of rereadgs and unrlgs—also molled how to simply live and breathe the world. She was zealo her praise—pecially when me to Julie Dash’s “Dghters of the Dt,” a film referenced untls tim her work—and she never lost grasp of how feels to be awtck while standg before a stirrg work of art. She uldn’t ny the excement as the lights dim and we prepare to surrenr to the performance. But she ma mands on the world. She believed cricism me om a place of love, a sire for thgs worthy of losg ourselv to.</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">She reached people, and that’s what a generatn of wanted to do wh our tellectual work. She wrote <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">children’s books</a>; she wrote says that people read llege classrooms and prisons alike. Pickg up “Reel to Real” ma me rethk what a book uld be. It was a llectn of her film says, astute dissectns of “Paris Is Burng” or “Leavg Las Vegas.” But the middle portn nsists of terviews wh filmmakers like Wayne Wang and Arthur Jafa, where you enunter a different dimensn of hooks’s cril persona—cur, empathetic, searchg for ras. “Reprentatn matters” is a hollow phrase nowadays, and ’s easy to fet that even the eighti and neti nobody felt that this was enough. She was at her sharpt ristg the banal, market-ready reactns of Blackns or womanhood that reprent easy, meagre progrs. (One of her most famo, recent works was a 2016 say on <a href=">Beyoncé’s self-modifitn</a>, which provoked the ire of the sger’s fans. Yet, if the say is unrstood wh the broar ntext of hooks’s life and tellectual project, there are probably few piec on Beyoncé filled wh as much admiratn and love.)</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">This has been a particularly tryg time for crics who me of age the eighti and neti, as giants like hooks, <a href=">Greg Tate</a>, and Dave Hickey have passed. hooks was a brilliant, tough cric—no doubt her ath will spire many revisatns of works like “A’t I a Woman,” “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Black Looks</a>,” or “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Outlaw Culture</a>.” Yet she was also a dazzlg memoirist and poet. In 1982, she published a poem tled “ the matter of the egyptians” <em>Hambone</em>, a journal she worked on wh her then partner, <a href=">Nathaniel Mackey</a>. It reads:</p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>anctral bodi<br/>buried sand<br/>sun treasured flowers<br/>prs a memory book<br/>they pass through loss<br/>and e to this still tenrns<br/>swept clean by srce wds<br/>surfacg the watery passage<br/>beyond ath</p></div></blockquote><p class="paywall">In 2004, hooks returned to Kentucky to teach at Berea College, where she also found the bell hooks Instute. Over the past two s, hooks’s published cricism turned om film and lerature to relatnships, love, sexualy, the ways which members of a muny rema acuntable for one another. Livg together was always a theme hooks’s work, though now timacy beme the subject, not the ntext. Much like the late Asian Amerin activist and anizer <a href=">Grace Lee Boggs</a>, who turned to muny garng later years, hooks’s twenty-first-century wrgs about love as “an actn, a participatory emotn,” and pannship were prophetic, a return to the basis for all that is meangful. The social and polil systems around are signed to obstct our sense of teem and make feel small. Yet revolutn starts wh each of — the mands we take up agast the world, the daily fight agast nihilism.</p><p class="paywall">“If I were really asked to fe myself,” she told a <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Buddhist magaze</a> the early neti, “I wouldn’t start wh race; I wouldn’t start wh blackns; I wouldn’t start wh genr; I wouldn’t start wh femism. I would start wh strippg down to what fundamentally rms my life, which is that I’m a seeker on the path. I thk of femism, and I thk of anti-racist stggl as part of . But where I stand spirually is, steadfastly, on a path about love.”</p><le-embed name="" attrs="[object Object]" childTyp="" hasProducts="false" ntentType="llout:"><hr class="paywall"/><h2 class="paywall">New Yorker Favor</h2><ul class="paywall"><li>Some people have more energy than we do, and plenty have ls. 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kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Not on Hollywood</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">“Orange Is the New Black” Signalled the Rot Insi the Streamg Enomy</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="“Orange Is the New Black” Signalled the Rot Insi the Streamg Enomy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">The novative and darg show was a worldwi h for Netflix, but some of the actors say that they were never fairly pensated.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Michael Schulman</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Daily Cartoon: Wednday, July 12th" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Daily Cartoon</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Daily Cartoon: Wednday, July 12th</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Daily Cartoon: Wednday, July 12th" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">“The clock is tickg—will you solve the problem or pass on to future generatns, Congrsman?”</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Brendan Loper</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Daily Cartoon: Thursday, July 13th" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Daily Cartoon</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Daily Cartoon: Thursday, July 13th</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Daily Cartoon: Thursday, July 13th" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">“Well, maybe <em class="unrle">you</em> shouldn’t have spent a lifetime pastakgly hong a set of skills that you mt have known we would eventually attempt to steal and replite for ee.”</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Zoe Si</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Salvador Dalí’s Surreal Summer the Cy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl bcywvc summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Blt’s Kvetchbook</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Salvador Dalí’s Surreal Summer the Cy</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Salvador Dalí’s Surreal Summer the Cy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">What isn’t meltg this heat?</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Barry Blt</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY ad 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bell hooks gay

Roxane Gay, bell hooks, Kg Prcs, Jill Soloway, Maggie Nelson, and others scribe what a femist future actually looks like.

Contents:

RENNTRE GRATUE GAY à PARIS, (75)

Author/activist bell hooks, who intified as "queer-pas-gay" and paved the way for tersectnal femism, spired generatns of women and LGBTQ+ people. * bell hooks gay *

" Utne Rear 1995 listed her among s 100 Visnari Who Can Change Your once scribed her inty as "queer-pas-gay. " She was cril, however, of those who viewed racism and homophobia as the same.

"Whe people, gay and straight, uld show greater unrstandg of the impact of racial opprsn on people of lor by not attemptg to make the opprsns synonymo, but rather by showg the ways they are lked and yet differ, " she wrote 1999's Talkg Back: Thkg Femist, Thkg was born 1952 Hopksville, Ky., as Gloria Jean Watks. Hooks intified as “queer-pas-gay” and paved the way for “Intersectnal Femism, ” spirg generatns of women and LGBTQ people. “Ex-gay” lear adms to secretly havg numero gay hookups & affairs.

Her loss is lculable, ” wrote Roxane Gay, thor of “Bad Femist.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* BELL HOOKS GAY

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grid-full-bleed grid-no-gap SplScreenContentHearMa-fNigKG daohZh"><div class="GridItem-buujkM eHLzLy grid--em"><div class="SplScreenContentHearTleBlock-sCMXE jActCi"><div data-ttid="ContentHearRubric"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX dZhWBL bric SplScreenContentHearRubric-cLHEJQ ildzkT"><a class="RubricLk-gRWSOU fgWnkQ bric__lk" href="/culture/postscript"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Postscript</span></a></div></div><h1 data-ttid="ContentHearHed" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SplScreenContentHearHed-lcUSuI iUEiRd NbxED dfelga">The Revolutnary Wrg of bell hooks</h1><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SplScreenContentHearDek-emptdL iUEiRd wOnsu dJrDEb">Through her scholarship and cricism, hooks, who died this week, rewrote our unrstandg of Black femism and womanhood, and gave a generatn of rears a new way of lookg at the world.</div><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl SplScreenContentHearByle-kvEhqE ejWxsm"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH bwbwth byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn lOLCm byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG uhfVi byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL brYZgj byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/hua-hsu">Hua Hsu</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2021-12-15T18:07:57-05:00" class="SplScreenContentHearPublishDate-bMGEVk gvRvVr">December 15, 2021</time><div class="SocialInsWrapper-hKMEXV ffgPVr social-ins social-ins--standard SplScreenContentHearSocialShare-gSVclr kUKgnn"><ul data-ttid="socialInslist" class="SocialInsList-cHVTIA ivmblD social-ins__list"><li class="SocialInsListItem-mbhR hHoUCw social-ins__list-em social-ins__list-em--facebook 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fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save Story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z" fill="black"></path><path class="in-bookmark-stroke" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z" fill="black"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM eHLzLy grid--em"><div class="SplScreenContentHearLeadWrapper-jYfGAC kBeEbL"><div data-ttid="ContentHearLeadAsset" class="SplScreenContentHearLeBlock-nUOA cwQiEB"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset SplScreenContentHearLe-bGywFh gyNssY"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SplScreenContentHearLe-bGywFh gyNssY rponsive-image"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="A woman embracg a man." class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK eRggVV grid grid-margs grid-ems-0 SplScreenContentHearGrid-kFpOdh fLkIyA"><div class="GridItem-buujkM kHPPIF grid--em"><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn SplScreenContentHearCaptn-iOfEOv ckLUKG"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">“bell hooks and Marlon Riggs, New York, early 1990s,” by Lyle Ashton Harris.</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Photograph by Lyle Ashton Harris</span></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div class="ActnBarWrapperContent-lasBkU cAHp"><div class="ActnBarWrapperComponent-cjwxLS bEeSLb"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kNjTbQ viewport-monor-anchor"><button id="bookmark" 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fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG Uozmo"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">Before she beme bell hooks, one of the great cultural crics and wrers of the twentieth century, and before she spired generatns of rears—pecially Black women—to unrstand their own axis-tiltg power, she was Gloria Jean Watks, dghter of Rosa Bell and Veodis Watks. hooks, who died on Wednday, was raised Hopksville, a small, segregated town Kentucky. Everythg she would bee began there. She was born 1952 and attend segregated schools up until llege; was the classroom that she, eager to learn, began glimpsg the liberatory possibili of tn. She loved movi, yet the ways which the theatre ma ocsnally ptive to small-mdns and stereotype pelled her to wonr if there were ways to look (and talk) back at the screen’s movg imag. Growg up, her father was a janor and her mother worked as a maid for whe fai; their work, rife wh mor digni, brought to foc the everyday power of an impole glare, or rollg your ey. A new world is born out of such small gtur of ristance—of affirmg your rightful space.</p><p class="paywall">In 1973, Watks graduated om Stanford; as a neteen-year-old unrgraduate, she had already pleted a draft of a visnary history of Black femism and womanhood. Durg the seventi, she pursued graduate work at the Universy of Wisns-Madison and the Universy of California, Santa Cz. In the late seventi, she began publishg poetry unr the pen name bell hooks—a tribute to her great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. (The lowerse was meant to distguish her om her great-grandmother, and to suggt that what mattered was the substance of the work, not the thor’s name.) In 1981, as hooks, she published the scholarship she began at Stanford, “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">A’t I a Woman? Black Women and Femism</a>,” a landmark book that was at once a history of slavery’s legacy and the ongog humanizatn of Black women as well as a crique of the revolutnary polics which had arisen rponse to this maltreatment—and which, nohels, centered the male psyche. Te liberatn, she believed, need to reckon wh how class, race, and genr are facets of our inti that are extribly lked. We are all of the thgs at once.</p><p class="paywall">In the eighti and neti, hooks tght at Yale Universy, Oberl College, and the Cy College of New York. She was a prolific scholar and wrer, publishg nearly forty books and hundreds of articl for magaz, journals, and newspapers. Among her most fluential ias was that of the “opposnal gaze.” Power relatns are end how we look at one another; enslaved people were once punished for merely lookg at their whe owners. hooks’s notn of a nontatnal, rebell way of lookg sought to short-circu the male gaze or the whe gaze, which wanted to renr Black female spectators as passive or somehow “other.” She appreciated the power of criqug or makg art om this fiantly Black perspective.</p><p class="paywall">I me to her work the mid-neti, durg a fertile era of Black cultural studi, when felt like your typil alternative weekly or pennt magaze was as rigoro as an amic monograph. For hooks, wrg the public sphere was jt an applitn of her md to a more immediate ncern, whether her subject was Madonna, Spike Lee, or, one memorably wherg piece, Larry Clark’s “Kids.” She was wrg at a time when the ser study of culture—mg for subtexts, siftg for clu—was still a scrappy unrtakg. As an Asian Amerin rear, I was enamored wh how crics like hooks drew on their own backgrounds and iendships, not to flatten their liv to somethg relatably universal but to remd how we all x a vast, often ntradictory array of tast and experienc. Her cricism suggted a pulsg, tirels bra tryg to make sense of how a work of art ma her feel. She molled an tellect: followg the distant echo of whe supremacy and Black ristance over time and ppotg their legaci the works of Quent Taranto or Fort Whaker’s “Wag to Exhale.”</p><p class="paywall">Yet her work—books such as “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Reel to Real</a>” or “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Art on My Md</a>,” which have survived s of rereadgs and unrlgs—also molled how to simply live and breathe the world. She was zealo her praise—pecially when me to Julie Dash’s “Dghters of the Dt,” a film referenced untls tim her work—and she never lost grasp of how feels to be awtck while standg before a stirrg work of art. She uldn’t ny the excement as the lights dim and we prepare to surrenr to the performance. But she ma mands on the world. She believed cricism me om a place of love, a sire for thgs worthy of losg ourselv to.</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">She reached people, and that’s what a generatn of wanted to do wh our tellectual work. She wrote <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">children’s books</a>; she wrote says that people read llege classrooms and prisons alike. Pickg up “Reel to Real” ma me rethk what a book uld be. It was a llectn of her film says, astute dissectns of “Paris Is Burng” or “Leavg Las Vegas.” But the middle portn nsists of terviews wh filmmakers like Wayne Wang and Arthur Jafa, where you enunter a different dimensn of hooks’s cril persona—cur, empathetic, searchg for ras. “Reprentatn matters” is a hollow phrase nowadays, and ’s easy to fet that even the eighti and neti nobody felt that this was enough. She was at her sharpt ristg the banal, market-ready reactns of Blackns or womanhood that reprent easy, meagre progrs. (One of her most famo, recent works was a 2016 say on <a href=">Beyoncé’s self-modifitn</a>, which provoked the ire of the sger’s fans. Yet, if the say is unrstood wh the broar ntext of hooks’s life and tellectual project, there are probably few piec on Beyoncé filled wh as much admiratn and love.)</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">This has been a particularly tryg time for crics who me of age the eighti and neti, as giants like hooks, <a href=">Greg Tate</a>, and Dave Hickey have passed. hooks was a brilliant, tough cric—no doubt her ath will spire many revisatns of works like “A’t I a Woman,” “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Black Looks</a>,” or “<a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Outlaw Culture</a>.” Yet she was also a dazzlg memoirist and poet. In 1982, she published a poem tled “ the matter of the egyptians” <em>Hambone</em>, a journal she worked on wh her then partner, <a href=">Nathaniel Mackey</a>. It reads:</p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>anctral bodi<br/>buried sand<br/>sun treasured flowers<br/>prs a memory book<br/>they pass through loss<br/>and e to this still tenrns<br/>swept clean by srce wds<br/>surfacg the watery passage<br/>beyond ath</p></div></blockquote><p class="paywall">In 2004, hooks returned to Kentucky to teach at Berea College, where she also found the bell hooks Instute. Over the past two s, hooks’s published cricism turned om film and lerature to relatnships, love, sexualy, the ways which members of a muny rema acuntable for one another. Livg together was always a theme hooks’s work, though now timacy beme the subject, not the ntext. Much like the late Asian Amerin activist and anizer <a href=">Grace Lee Boggs</a>, who turned to muny garng later years, hooks’s twenty-first-century wrgs about love as “an actn, a participatory emotn,” and pannship were prophetic, a return to the basis for all that is meangful. The social and polil systems around are signed to obstct our sense of teem and make feel small. Yet revolutn starts wh each of — the mands we take up agast the world, the daily fight agast nihilism.</p><p class="paywall">“If I were really asked to fe myself,” she told a <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Buddhist magaze</a> the early neti, “I wouldn’t start wh race; I wouldn’t start wh blackns; I wouldn’t start wh genr; I wouldn’t start wh femism. I would start wh strippg down to what fundamentally rms my life, which is that I’m a seeker on the path. I thk of femism, and I thk of anti-racist stggl as part of . But where I stand spirually is, steadfastly, on a path about love.”</p><le-embed name="" attrs="[object Object]" childTyp="" hasProducts="false" ntentType="llout:"><hr class="paywall"/><h2 class="paywall">New Yorker Favor</h2><ul class="paywall"><li>Some people have more energy than we do, and plenty have ls. 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120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Daily Cartoon: Thursday, July 13th" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">“Well, maybe <em class="unrle">you</em> shouldn’t have spent a lifetime pastakgly hong a set of skills that you mt have known we would eventually attempt to steal and replite for ee.”</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Zoe Si</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff ewgXAt summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div 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Summer the Cy" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">What isn’t meltg this heat?</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Barry Blt</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm kdEfwY ad 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