Gay- and Lbian-Soundg Audory Cu Elic Stereotypg and Discrimatn - PMC

Contents:

• UNRSTANDG GAY & LBIAN INTI
• STEREOTYP, EMOTNS, AND BEHAVRS TOWARD LBIANS, GAY MEN, BISEXUAL WOMEN, AND BISEXUAL MEN
• GAY STEREOTYP: ARE THEY TE?
• HOW TO SUPPORT, EMPATHIZE WH, AND AFFIRM LGBTQ+ PEOPLE
• GAY- AND LBIAN-SOUNDG AUDORY CU ELIC STEREOTYPG AND DISCRIMATN
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

UNRSTANDG GAY & LBIAN INTI

Dpe the persistence of stereotyp that portray lbian, gay, and bisexual people as disturbed, several s of rearch and clil experience have led all mastream medil and mental health anizatns this untry to nclu that the orientatns reprent normal forms of human experience.

Helpful rpons of a therapist treatg an dividual who is troubled about her or his same sex attractns clu helpg that person actively pe wh social prejudic agast homosexualy, succsfully rolve issu associated wh and rultg om ternal nflicts, and actively lead a happy and satisfyg life. The phrase “g out” is ed to refer to several aspects of lbian, gay, and bisexual persons’ experienc: self-awarens of same-sex attractns; the tellg of one or a few people about the attractns; wispread disclosure of same-sex attractns; and intifitn wh the lbian, gay, and bisexual muny. Th, is not surprisg that lbians and gay men who feel they mt nceal their sexual orientatn report more equent mental health ncerns than do lbians and gay men who are more open; they may even have more physil health problems.

Lbian, gay, and bisexual youth who do well spe strs—like all adolcents who do well spe strs—tend to be those who are socially petent, who have good problem-solvg skills, who have a sense of tonomy and purpose, and who look forward to the future. If they are a heterosexual relatnship, their experienc may be que siar to those of people who intify as heterosexual unls they choose to e out as bisexual; that se, they will likely face some of the same prejudice and discrimatn that lbian and gay dividuals enunter.

STEREOTYP, EMOTNS, AND BEHAVRS TOWARD LBIANS, GAY MEN, BISEXUAL WOMEN, AND BISEXUAL MEN

The word may be ed as a noun, to refer to women who intify themselv or who are characterized by others as havg the primary attribute of female homosexualy, or as an adjective, to scribe characteristics of an object or activy related to female same-sex sire.

Evince that would suffice any other suatn is aquate here… A woman who never married, who lived wh another woman, whose iends were mostly women, or who moved known lbian or mixed gay circl, may well have been a lbian.

Homosexual men are often equated terchangeably wh heterosexual women by the heterocentric mastream, and are equently stereotyped as beg effemate, spe the fact that genr exprsn, genr inty and sexual orientatn are wily accepted to be distct om each other. A stereotype based on the visibily (wh popular and nsumer culture) of a reciprol relatnship between gay men and fashn; gay men who are visible popular culture may purchase fashn as a means of exprsn; and gay men have high visibily wh the dtry creatg fashns. The dis era startg the 1970s hered by unrground gay clubs and disc jockeys kept the ‘partyg’ aspect vibrant and hered the more hardre circu party movement that was hedonistic and associated wh party and play (PNP or PnP), or simply ‘partyg’.

GAY STEREOTYP: ARE THEY TE?

STORY HIGHLIGHTSColumnist expos lbian stereotyp and tri to set rerd straightThere's not always a "man" or "woman" role played lbian uplNot all lbians hate men, lgerie or their fathersBeg gay is not always easier than beg straight (The Frisky) -- There are a lot of misnceptns about lbians. Although n sometim seem like one type of gay person is shown over and over aga the media or on TV, gay people aren’t tomatilly effemate, and lbian women aren’t tomatilly mascule – fact, those stereotyp leave out a lot of other personali and characteristics. Acrdg to a 12-year study by John Gottman of the Universy of Washgton and Robert Levenson of the UC Berkeley, gay and lbian upl are excellent munitors who e fewer “ntrollg, hostile emotnal tactics” when fightg, such as belligerence, domeerg, and fear.

Francis Xavier Universy and a member of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, only 15 percent of lbian upl engage sex more than twice a week, pared to 50 percent or more of other parison groups (straight upl and gay men)!

A 2017 review of 52 studi, for stance, found that when pared wh heterosexual people, bisexual people had higher rat of prsn and anxiety, and higher or equivalent rat of those ndns when pared wh those who intified as gay. People unr 25, nclud somethg siar among Ameri’s youth: Bisexual high school stunts reported more feelgs of sadns and hopelsns and more thoughts of suici than those who intified as heterosexual or ’s also some evince that bisexual people fared worse than their heterosexual and gay unterparts durg the panmic, cludg greater strs, lonels, psychologil distrs and fatigue; and poorer mental and physil health than those intifyg as straight or dispary is often a rult of the prejudic bisexual people face, Dr. The study found that much of this discrimatn often om gay and lbian people, followed by fay members and straight people; and n directly impact bisexual people’s mental health, cludg ntributg to prsn, strs and exacerbated or triggered anxiety (cludg panic attacks and post-trmatic strs disorr).

HOW TO SUPPORT, EMPATHIZE WH, AND AFFIRM LGBTQ+ PEOPLE

She said she was never ashamed of her sexualy until her 20s, when both gay and straight iends and fay started tellg her they didn’t believe she was really attracted to women, and that she was gog through a phase. Keywords: Stereotyp, Discrimatn, Sexual orientatn, “Gaydar”IntroductnSexual orientatn is a social tegory that, differently om many others that are signaled by clear visual featur such as sk lor, is not ascertaed until the person self-disclos.

Yet, people tegorize dividuals as gay or heterosexual on the basis of direct cu, cludg their physil appearance, their body language, and their vol characteristics (Rieger, Lsenmeier, Gygax, Garcia, & Bailey, 2010; Rule, 2017; Shelp, 2002).

GAY- AND LBIAN-SOUNDG AUDORY CU ELIC STEREOTYPG AND DISCRIMATN

Detectn of Sexual OrientatnThe above distctn between tegory- and feature-based procs is important, as rearch on tegorizatn of sexual orientatn has provid mixed rults wh regard to people’s abily to tect sexual inty (so lled “gaydar”). However, other studi have often disproven this claim and suggted that people distguish between gay and heterosexual dividuals on the basis of the stereotypil ia of how gays appear or sound (Smyth et al., 2003; Sulpiz et al., 2015). Listeners make reliable and nsensually shared distctns between gay- and heterosexual-soundg speech that do not necsarily rrpond wh the speakers’ self-fn (Smyth et al., 2003; Sulpiz et al., 2015; Zimman, 2010).

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Consequenc of Perceivg Sexual Orientatn om VoiceAlthough prr rearch has largely been mute on this issue, there is reason to believe that havg a gay- or lbian-soundg voice may have nsequenc for how the speaker is perceived, evaluated, and treated by others. In particular, we refer to stereotypg as the procs of attributg genr-atypil tras, characteristics, and terts to a person based on the fact that gay men are ually associated wh femy and lbian women wh masculy (Blashill & Powlishta, 2009; Ke & Dex, 1987).

Hence, this work, stereotypg refers to an attributnal procs irrpective of whether the associatns reflect actual differenc between gays/lbians and heterosexuals (see Deve, 1989; Judd & Park, 1993), our studi vtigated discrimatory behavrs that may emerge a work-related ntext and specifilly the hirg procs.

Discrimatn of gay/lbian dividuals at work and hirg procs is mon (Ahmed, Anrsson, & Hammarstedt, 2013; Badgett, L, Sears, & Ho, 2007; Patacchi, Raga, & Zenou, 2014), and even direct cu such as beg volved a LGBT associatn creas chanc to get appoted for a job (Tilcsik, 2011).