A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: A TIMELE
• TIMELE: KEY MOMENTS FIGHT FOR GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• PRI AND PREJUDICE: AN INTERACTIVE TIMELE OF THE FIGHT FOR GAY RIGHTS
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• WHEN DID THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT BEG?
• THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN AMERI: A TIMELE
• GAY MARRIAGE

GAY RIGHTS

Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze.

Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn. Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri. In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985.

But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn.

In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. But while we've reached the tippg pot on marriage, there's still a ways to go for full LGBT equaly, like endg bullyg schools and workplace discrimatn, ” Kev Nix, a spokman for the LGBT advocy group, Human Rights Campaign, said a statement earlier this is a look at some of the key moments Amerin LGBT history:June 28, 1969: Start of the gay rights movementThe Stonewall Rts beg after police raid a popular unlicensed gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, New York Cy's Greenwich Village.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT: A TIMELE

His announcement me one day after voters North Carola passed a nstutnal amendment banng same-sex marriage as well as civil unns for gay and lbian 4, 2012: In a first, gay marriage ws at the ballot boxVoters Mae approve same-sex marriage the first vote brought by supporters, while voters Maryland and Washgton uphold state legislatn allowg gays and lbians to wed. This timele provis rmatn about the gay rights movement the Uned Stat om 1924 to the prent: cludg the Stonewall rts; the ntributns of Harvey Milk; the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy; the first civil unns; the legalizatn of same-sex marriage Massachetts, Connecticut, New York; and more. He was assassated at Cy Hall jt a year Reste/Getty ImagHundreds of gay rights activists took to the Natnal Mall 1979 for the first Pri rally to ph to for equal rights the gay muny and the eedom to live Alpert/Getty Imag, FILEReverend John Kuiper, right, the first gay man Ameri to w the right to adopt a child, is shown wh his partner Roger Hooverman, durg a Gay Rights March, 1979, New Agosti/Liaison/Getty Imag, FILEStartg 1981, gay advocy groups began to form to talk about how the ernment was handlg the AIDS crisis, a new disease that manifted as pnmonia and was found mostly gay men.

Colls would later sign wh the Brooklyn Nets and bee the first openly gay active player the Pl/Getty Imag, FILEIn the '90s, Congrs passed the Defense of Marriage Act, or DOMA, fg marriage, for feral purpos, as a unn between one man and one woman, allowg stat to refe or not regnize same sex marriag.

Supreme Court, June 26, 2015, after the high urt led that same-sex upl have the right to marry all 50 statAP, FILEOn June 12, 2016, 49 people were killed and 58 were wound when a gunman entered Pulse nightclub, a popular gay club Orlando, and opened fire the fal mut of "Lat Night. In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons. In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women.

TIMELE: KEY MOMENTS FIGHT FOR GAY RIGHTS

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage). In the 1960s and '70s, the gay muny disvered s polil power, wh the passg of anti-discrimatn laws and the electn of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay man sworn to elected vastated the muny the 1980s and '90s, but galvanized the muny to further Supreme Court regnized marriage equaly 2015 and feral workplace protectns for LGBT Amerins is a timele of LGBT rights Ameri, om the 1960s to Bs Insir's homepage for more stori. " "Sex plays a necsary and undisguisable role the cisn, exactly what Tle VII forbids, " Gorsuch lg centered on three s volvg an employee who been fired after they me out: Gerald Bostock was a child-welfare advote Geia until he was fired after jog a gay softball Zarda, a skydivg stctor New York, was fired days after he me out as gay.

Zarda died Monday cisn serv as a blow to the Tmp admistratn, which has argued sce 2017 that the existg statute did not protect dividuals om employment discrimatn based on their intifyg as homosexual or landmark cisn also marks the biggt w for the LGBT muny sce the urt led 2015  a 5-4 cisn that the Fourteenth Amendment required all stat to grant and regnize same-sex.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men.

PRI AND PREJUDICE: AN INTERACTIVE TIMELE OF THE FIGHT FOR GAY RIGHTS

This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay.

Fstrated wh the male learship of most gay liberatn groups, lbians fluenced by the femist movement of the 1970s formed their own llectiv, rerd labels, mic ftivals, newspapers, bookstor, and publishg ho, and lled for lbian rights mastream femist groups like the Natnal Organizatn for Women. The creasg expansn of a global LGBT rights movement suffered a setback durg the 1980s, as the gay male muny was cimated by the Aids epimic, mands for passn and medil fundg led to renewed alns between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like Aids Coaln to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Natn. Wh greater media attentn to gay and lbian civil rights the 1990s, trans and tersex voic began to ga space through works such as Kate Boernste’s “Genr Outlaw” (1994) and “My Genr Workbook” (1998), Ann Fsto-Sterlg’s “Myths of Genr” (1992) and Llie Feberg’s “Transgenr Warrrs” (1998), enhancg shifts women’s and genr studi to bee more clive of transgenr and nonbary inti.

He beme well acquated wh the German movement agatg for a change German laws on homosexualy and after his return to Chigo he found a Society for Human Rights (SHR) 1924 to promote and protect the terts of “people who by reasons of mental and physil abnormali are abed and hred” by police and others.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

It was not until 1958 the Supreme Court led ONE’s favor, and this victory marks the openg wedge for the distributn of much more sexually explic material about homosexualy and least one other person should be mentned this saga of the begngs of the gay movement, that is Reed Erickson, a lbian, who early on unrwent a surgil change om female to male, as well as a multi lnaire who begng the early 1960's helped bankroll ONE and much of the early gay and transsexual movement. Christiane Northup, a matriarch of women’s alternative health, who rose to fame on the strength of several “Oprah” appearanc and btsellg books, published by the New Age self-help platform Hay Hoe, whose founr, Louise Hay, was famo for tellg gay men dyg of AIDS that they jt didn’t love themselv enough. Homosexual activy was ferally crimalized by the Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act 1994, although some lol state laws remaed nsent until 1Equal age of nsent be age of nsent Belas is 16 years, as stated Articl 168 and 169, which read: "Sexual terurse, sodomy, lbian terurse or other sexual acts mted by adults who have reached eighteen years of age, wh a person who is obvly not reached sixteen years of age, wh no signs of crim envisaged by Articl 166 and 167 of this Co, shall be punished by rtrictn of liberty om two to four years, or imprisonment for a term of two to five years.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

"and" cent asslt, mted by a person unr eighteen years of age, relatn to a person who obvly has not attaed the age of sixteen, the absence of evince of the crim stipulated Articl 166, 167 and 168 of this Co, shall be punished by imprisonment for up to six months or imprisonment for a term of one to three years "Homosexual activy be form of homosexualy that is illegal is non-nsensual homosexual terurseFebary 1LGBT hog discrimatn be sexual orientatn Human Rights Act 1993 prohibs discrimatn relatn to employment and relig grounds, affirmed by sectn 19 of the NZ Bill of Rights Act 1990, which apply everywhere. (date unknown)Same-sex marriage be other type of Ley Arrendamientos Urbanos (Urban Leasg Law) was passed 1994, allowg registered habatn for same-sex upl which granted some of the rights prevly rerved for married marriage be the areas admistrated by the paltian thory and the Gaza strip, Gay Marriage is unregnized, however, Unregistered Cohabatn and Same sex Marriage is Legal for Israeli cizens the Occupied Wt Bank. Gay unn legalizatn hog discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr employment discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr hog discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr discrimatn be employment discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr discrimatn be of the few plac the Caribbean wh discrimatn protectns.

January 1Servg openly ary be lbians, gays, bisexuals permted, transgenr people the 27 EU untri, Slovakia is one of the exceptns which transgenr people nnot serve the aryLGBT hog discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr discrimatn employment discrimatn be sexual orientatn and genr inty. Homosexualy was crimalised by the Sexual Offenc Act 10Equal age of nsent be of nsent is equal and is set at 20LGBT hog discrimatn be no protectn is afford for neher genr inty or sexual orientatnLGBT employment discrimatn be no protectn is afford specifilly for sexual orientatn or genr intyMay 18LGBT hog discrimatn be no protectns.

WHEN DID THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT BEG?

For Israeli cizens the Occupied Wt Bank; Employment, Hate Speech and Good & Servic Discrimatns age of nsent be Sexual Offenc Act 1992 crimalised homosexual activy but set the age of nsent for same sex male upl to 21, which was rced to 18 2001 by the Crimal Jtice Act 2001, pared to 16 for heterosexual upl. December 16Same-sex adoptn be sgle a sgle homosexual is allowed to adoptLGBT hog discrimatn be jure protected, facto ambiguoDecember 12Homosexual activy be sexual activy has been legal Ukrae sce 25LGBT employment discrimatn be no discrimatn protectns hog discrimatn be no protectnLGBT discrimatn be no though article 22 stat all cizens are equal, sexual orientatns and genr inti are not clud the forms of discrimatns 12LGBT hog discrimatn be no employment discrimatn be no protectn is granted as homosexualy still rri a ath discrimatn be no protectns.

:1953: Print Eisenhower warns natn of growg homosexual-dtrial plexJune 28, 1969: Rts break out at Stonewall Greenwich Village history’s only example of eful prott agast beg asked to leave a barDecember 15, 1973: Amerin Psychiatric Associatn downgras homosexualy om mental disorr to quirkNovember 27, 1978: Gay rights activist Harvey Milk assassated, settg the stage for Sean Penn’s Osr-wng 2008 performanceSeptember 1994: First gay TV character who has personaly tras other than beg gay scrapped by NBC executivSeptember 21, 1996-June 26, 2013: Marriage fendSeptember 21, 1998: Premiere of h s Will & Grace shows lns of Amerins that gay people n be jt as gratg as heterosexualsMay 17, 2004: Massachetts be first state to legalize gay marriage after Governor Mt Romney mak first mistake of forthg printial mpaignApril 2, 2005: Public high school teacher Sarah Colls shows 15 mut of the movie Philalphia to a room full of teenagersDecember 18, 2010: Senate repeals “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell, ” grantg LGBT ary members the right to be absolutely terrified to serve openlyMay 23, 2013: Boy Suts of Ameri officially allows gay suts to be toleratedJuly 16, 2014: In Life Wh Archie Issue 37, inic all-Amerin ic book character Archie Andrews di throwg himself ont of a bullet aimed at his gay iend and loudly proclaimg “This ic book seri is on the right si of history”July 26, 2015: The Supreme Court l that bans agast gay marriage are unnstutnal, backdatg the cisn to 1993 to spare the natn om embarrassmentJune 18, 2025: Uned Stat’ homosexual overlords sacrifice another 100, 000 breers to the flamThis Week's Most Viral News: Augt 18, 2023OffEnglish.

Early Years: Same-Sex Marriage Bans In 1970, jt one year after the historic Stonewall Rts that galvanized the gay rights movement, law stunt Richard Baker and librarian Jam McConnell applied for a marriage license Gerald Nelson rejected their applitn bee they were a same-sex uple, and a trial urt upheld his cisn.

THE GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN AMERI: A TIMELE

” This lg effectively blocked feral urts om lg on same-sex marriage for s, leavg the cisn solely the hands of stat, which alt blow after blow to those hopg to see gay marriage beg 1973, for stance, Maryland beme the first state to create a law that explicly f marriage as a unn between a man and woman, a belief held by many nservative relig groups.

In 1989, the San Francis Board of Supervisors passed an ordance that allowed homosexual upl and unmarried heterosexual upl to register for domtic partnerships, which granted hospal visatn rights and other years later, the District of Columbia siarly passed a new law that allowed same-sex upl to register as domtic partners. C., 1993, the hight urt Hawaii led that a ban on same-sex marriage may vlate that state nstutn’s Equal Protectn Clse—the first time a state urt has ever ched toward makg gay marriage Hawaii Supreme Court sent the se—brought by a gay male uple and two lbian upl who were nied marriage licens 1990—back for further review to the lower First Circu Court, which 1991 origally dismissed the the state tried to prove that there was “pellg state tert” jtifyg the ban, the se would be tied up ligatn for the next three Defense of Marriage Act Opponents of gay marriage, however, did not s on their hnch. That is, even if a state ma gay marriage legal, same-sex upl still wouldn’t be able to file e tax jotly, sponsor spo for immigratn benefs or receive spoal Social Secury payments, among many other act was a huge setback for the marriage equaly movement, but transient good news arose three months later: Hawaii Judge Kev S.

Phg for Change: Civil Unns The next saw a whirlwd of activy on the gay marriage ont, begng wh the year 2000 when Vermont beme the first state to legalize civil unns, a legal stat that provis most of the state-level benefs of years later, Massachetts beme the first state to legalize gay marriage when the Massachetts Supreme Court led that same-sex upl had the right to marry Goodridge v. For the first time the untry’s history, voters (rather than judg or legislators) Mae, Maryland, and Washgton approved Constutnal amendments permtg same-sex marriage marriage also beme a feral issue 2010, Massachetts, the first state to legalize gay marriage, found Sectn 3 of DOMA—the part of the 1996 law that fed marriage as a unn between one man and one woman—to be unnstutnal.

GAY MARRIAGE

Wdsor, nservative Jtice Anthony Kennedy sid wh Jtic Ruth Bar Gsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan favor of same-sex marriage rights, ultimately makg gay marriage legal across the natn June this time, was still outlawed only 13 stat, and more than 20 other untri had already legalized gay marriage, startg wh the Netherlands December 2000.